1
|
Xie L, Zhao Y, Wang C, Xu S, Fan R, Gao H, Xu J, Zhu S, Lei W, Han S. A study on the simultaneous determination of nitrogen content and 15N isotope abundance in plants using peak height intensities at m/z 28 and 29. Talanta 2024; 275:126078. [PMID: 38678921 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
A method for simultaneous determination of nitrogen content and 15N isotope abundance in plants was established by Elemental analysis-gas isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Taking poplar leaves and l-glutamic acid as standards, nitrogen content was determined using the standard curve established by weighted least squares regression between the mass of nitrogen element and the total peak height intensity at m/z 28 and 29. Then the 15N isotope abundance was calculated with the peak height intensity at m/z 28 and 29. Through the comparison of several sets of experiments, the impact of mass discrimination effect, tin capsule consumables, isotope memory effect, and the quality of nitrogen on the results were assessed. The results showed that with a weight of 1/x2, the standard curve has a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9996. Compared to the traditional Kjeldahl method, the measured nitrogen content deviated less than 0.2 %, and the standard deviation (SD) was less than 0.2 %. Compared to the sodium hypobromite method, the 15N isotopic abundances differed less than 0.2 atom%15N, and the SD was less than 0.2 atom% 15N. The established method offers the advantages of being fast, simple, accurate, and high throughput, providing a novel approach for the simultaneous determination of nitrogen content and 15N isotope abundance in plant samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Xie
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China; Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai Stable Isotope Testing and Reagent Professional Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yameng Zhao
- Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai Stable Isotope Testing and Reagent Professional Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Chuyao Wang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai Stable Isotope Testing and Reagent Professional Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Sen Xu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai Stable Isotope Testing and Reagent Professional Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Ruoning Fan
- Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai Stable Isotope Testing and Reagent Professional Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Huimin Gao
- Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai Stable Isotope Testing and Reagent Professional Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jinlan Xu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai Stable Isotope Testing and Reagent Professional Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Shenghao Zhu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai Stable Isotope Testing and Reagent Professional Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, 200062, China; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wen Lei
- Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai Stable Isotope Testing and Reagent Professional Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Sheng Han
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kaya C, Akin S, Sarioğlu A, Ashraf M, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Enhancement of soybean tolerance to water stress through regulation of nitrogen and antioxidant defence mechanisms mediated by the synergistic role of salicylic acid and thiourea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108320. [PMID: 38183901 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Water stress (WS) poses a significant threat to global food and energy security by adversely affecting soybean growth and nitrogen metabolism. This study explores the synergistic effects of exogenous salicylic acid (SA, 0.5 mM) and thiourea (TU, 400 mg L-1), potent plant growth regulators, on soybean responses under WS conditions. The treatments involved foliar spraying for 3 days before inducing WS by reducing soil moisture to 50% of field capacity, followed by 2 weeks of cultivation under normal or WS conditions. WS significantly reduced plant biomass, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, water status, protein content, and total nitrogen content in roots and leaves. Concurrently, it elevated levels of leaf malondialdehyde, H2O2, proline, nitrate, and ammonium. WS also triggered an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity and osmolyte accumulation in soybean plants. Application of SA and TU enhanced the activities of key enzymes crucial for nitrogen assimilation and amino acid synthesis. Moreover, SA and TU improved plant growth, water status, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, protein content, and total nitrogen content, while reducing oxidative stress and leaf proline levels. Indeed, the simultaneous application of SA and TU demonstrated a heightened impact compared to their separate use, suggesting a synergistic interaction. This study underscores the potential of SA and TU to enhance WS tolerance in soybean plants by modulating nitrogen metabolism and mitigating oxidative damage. These findings hold significant promise for improving crop productivity and quality in the face of escalating water limitations due to climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Harran University, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
| | - Sabri Akin
- Harran University, Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ali Sarioğlu
- Harran University, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Shoaib N, Lin K, Mughal N, Wu X, Sun X, Zhang L, Pan K. Boosting cadmium tolerance in Phoebe zhennan: the synergistic effects of exogenous nitrogen and phosphorus treatments promoting antioxidant defense and root development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1340287. [PMID: 38362448 PMCID: PMC10867629 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1340287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Plants possess intricate defense mechanisms to resist cadmium (Cd) stress, including strategies like metal exclusion, chelation, osmoprotection, and the regulation of photosynthesis, with antioxidants playing a pivotal role. The application of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers are reported to bolster these defenses against Cd stress. Several studies investigated the effects of N or P on Cd stress in non-woody plants and crops. However, the relationship between N, P application, and Cd stress resistance in valuable timber trees remains largely unexplored. This study delves into the Cd tolerance mechanisms of Phoebe zhennan, a forest tree species, under various treatments: Cd exposure alone, combined Cd stress with either N or P and Cd stress with both N and P application. Our results revealed that the P application enhanced root biomass and facilitated the translocation of essential nutrients like K, Mn, and Zn. Conversely, N application, especially under Cd stress, significantly inhibited plant growth, with marked reductions in leaf and stem biomass. Additionally, while the application of P resulted in reduced antioxidant enzyme levels, the combined application of N and P markedly amplified the activities of peroxidase by 266.36%, superoxide dismutase by 168.44%, and ascorbate peroxidase by 26.58% under Cd stress. This indicates an amplified capacity of the plant to neutralize reactive oxygen species. The combined treatment also led to effective regulation of nutrient and Cd distribution in roots, shoots, and leaves, illustrating a synergistic effect in mitigating toxic impact of N. The study also highlights a significant alteration in photosynthetic activities under different treatments. The N addition generally reduced chlorophyll content by over 50%, while P and NP treatments enhanced transpiration rates by up to 58.02%. Our findings suggest P and NP fertilization can manage Cd toxicity by facilitating antioxidant production, osmoprotectant, and root development, thus enhancing Cd tolerance processes, and providing novel strategies for managing Cd contamination in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Noman Shoaib
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nishbah Mughal
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiwen Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun J, Jin L, Li R, Meng X, Jin N, Wang S, Xu Z, Liu Z, Lyu J, Yu J. Effects of Different Forms and Proportions of Nitrogen on the Growth, Photosynthetic Characteristics, and Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4175. [PMID: 38140502 PMCID: PMC10748299 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Optimal plant growth in many species is achieved when the two major forms of N are supplied at a particular ratio. This study investigated optimal nitrogen forms and ratios for tomato growth using the 'Jingfan 502' tomato variety. Thirteen treatments were applied with varying proportions of nitrate nitrogen (NN), ammonium nitrogen (AN), and urea nitrogen (UN). Results revealed that the combination of AN and UN inhibited tomato growth and photosynthetic capacity. Conversely, the joint application of NN and UN or NN and AN led to a significant enhancement in tomato plant growth. Notably, the T12 (75%UN:25%NN) and T4 (75%NN:25%AN) treatments significantly increased the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, thereby promoting the accumulation of photosynthetic products. The contents of fructose, glucose, and sucrose were significantly increased by 121.07%, 206.26%, and 94.64% and by 104.39%, 156.42%, and 61.40%, respectively, compared with those in the control. Additionally, AN favored starch accumulation, while NN and UN favored fructose, sucrose, and glucose accumulation. Gene expression related to nitrogen and sugar metabolism increased significantly in T12 and T4, with T12 showing greater upregulation. Key enzyme activity in metabolism also increased notably. In summary, T12 enhanced tomato growth by upregulating gene expression, increasing enzyme activity, and boosting photosynthesis and sugar accumulation. Growers should consider using NN and UN to reduce AN application in tomato fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Sun
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Ruirui Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xin Meng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ning Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Shuya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Zhiqi Xu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zitong Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Jinhua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.J.); (S.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Duan Y, Yang H, Yang H, Wei Z, Che J, Wu W, Lyu L, Li W. Physiological and Morphological Responses of Blackberry Seedlings to Different Nitrogen Forms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1480. [PMID: 37050106 PMCID: PMC10097381 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Blackberries are an emerging third-generation fruit that are popular in Europe, and specific nitrogen (N) supply is an important factor affecting their growth and development. To study the optimal N fertilizer for blackberry seedlings, no N (CK), nitrate (NO3-)-N, ammonium (NH4+)-N and urea were applied to one-year-old 'Ningzhi 4' blackberry plants at a key growth period (from May to August) to explore the effects of different N forms on the physiological characteristics. Correlation and principal component analysis were used to determine the relationships between various indexes. Ammonium (NH4+) or urea-fed plants had a better growth state, showed a greater plant height, biomass, SPAD values and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthesis. In addition, NH4+ was beneficial to the accumulation of sugars and amino acids in leaves and roots, and promoted the transport of auxin and cytokinin to leaves. NO3- significantly inhibited root growth and increased the contents of active oxygen, malondialdehyde and antioxidants in roots. Correlation and principal component analysis showed that growth and dry matter accumulation were closely related to the antioxidant system, photosynthetic characteristics, amino acids and hormone content. Our study provides a new idea for N regulation mechanism of blackberry and proposes a scientific fertilization strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Duan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China; (W.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Hao Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Zhiwen Wei
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jilu Che
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Wenlong Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China; (W.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Lianfei Lyu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China; (W.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Weilin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|