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Liu Y, Tan X, Zhao J, Niu Y, Hsiang T, Yu Z, Qin W. Diversity of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose on Euonymus japonicus and their sensitivity to fungicides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1411625. [PMID: 38938640 PMCID: PMC11208684 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1411625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
As an evergreen shrub, Euonymus japonicus plays a crucial role in urban landscape construction, and its growth is affected by severe foliar anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. However, the biodiversity of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose on E. japonicus remains undetermined. This study involved a two-year collection of E. japonicus leaf samples with typical anthracnose symptoms from 9 districts in Beijing, China. A total of 194 Colletotrichum isolates were obtained, and eight Colletotrichum species were subsequently identified using morphological characteristics and molecular identification with the ACT, GADPH, CHS, TUB2, and CAL genes, as well as the rDNA-ITS region. These species included Colletotrichum aenigma, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. grossum, C. hebeiense, C. karstii, C. siamense, and C. theobromicola with C. siamense being the most prevalent (57%), followed by C. aenigma and C. theobromicola. Furthermore, C. fructicola, C. grossum and C. hebeiense are reported for the first time as causal agents of anthracnose on E. japonicus worldwide, and C. karstii is newly reported to be associated with E. japonicus anthracnose in China. Pathogenicity tests revealed that all tested isolates exhibited pathogenicity in the presence of wounds, emphasizing the need to avoid artificial or mechanical wounds to prevent infection in E. japonicus management. The EC50 values of five fungicides, namely difenoconazole, flusilazole, tebuconazole, hexaconazole, and prochloraz, were found to be less than 10 mg/L, indicating their strong potential for application. Notably, the EC50 of prochloraz was less than 0.05 mg/L for C. theobromicola. These findings offer valuable insights for the management of anthracnose on E. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayong Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Niu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Zhihe Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Wentao Qin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang T, Chen X, Yan W, Li M, Huang W, Liu Q, Li Y, Guo C, Shu Y. Comparative Analysis of Chloroplast Pan-Genomes and Transcriptomics Reveals Cold Adaptation in Medicago sativa. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1776. [PMID: 38339052 PMCID: PMC10855486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a perennial forage legume that is widely distributed all over the world; therefore, it has an extremely complex genetic background. Though population structure and phylogenetic studies have been conducted on a large group of alfalfa nuclear genomes, information about the chloroplast genomes is still lacking. Chloroplast genomes are generally considered to be conservative and play an important role in population diversity analysis and species adaptation in plants. Here, 231 complete alfalfa chloroplast genomes were successfully assembled from 359 alfalfa resequencing data, on the basis of which the alfalfa chloroplast pan-genome was constructed. We investigated the genetic variations of the alfalfa chloroplast genome through comparative genomic, genetic diversity, phylogenetic, population genetic structure, and haplotype analysis. Meanwhile, the expression of alfalfa chloroplast genes under cold stress was explored through transcriptome analysis. As a result, chloroplast genomes of 231 alfalfa lack an IR region, and the size of the chloroplast genome ranges from 125,192 bp to 126,105 bp. Using population structure, haplotypes, and construction of a phylogenetic tree, it was found that alfalfa populations could be divided into four groups, and multiple highly variable regions were found in the alfalfa chloroplast genome. Transcriptome analysis showed that tRNA genes were significantly up-regulated in the cold-sensitive varieties, while rps7, rpl32, and ndhB were down-regulated, and the editing efficiency of ycf1, ycf2, and ndhF was decreased in the cold-tolerant varieties, which may be due to the fact that chloroplasts store nutrients through photosynthesis to resist cold. The huge number of genetic variants in this study provide powerful resources for molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; (T.Z.); (M.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Xiuhua Chen
- International Agriculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China;
| | - Wei Yan
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, China; (W.Y.); (Q.L.)
| | - Manman Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; (T.Z.); (M.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Wangqi Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Yunnan Flower Breeding Key Laboratory, Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China;
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, China; (W.Y.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yanan Li
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, China; (W.Y.); (Q.L.)
| | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; (T.Z.); (M.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Yongjun Shu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; (T.Z.); (M.L.); (C.G.)
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