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Zhao Y, Lu J, Hu B, Jiao P, Gao B, Jiang Z, Liu S, Guan S, Ma Y. Cloning and functional analysis of ZmMADS42 gene in maize. GM CROPS & FOOD 2024; 15:105-117. [PMID: 38466176 PMCID: PMC10936638 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2024.2328384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal crop in the world. Flowering period and photoperiod play important roles in the reproductive development of maize. This study, investigated ZmMADS42, a gene that is highly expressed in the shoot apical meristem. Agrobacterium infection was used to successfully obtain overexpressed ZmMADS42 plants. Fluorescence quantitative PCR revealed that the expression of the ZmMADS42 gene in the shoot apical meristem of transgenic plants was 2.8 times higher than that of the wild-type(WT). In addition, the expression of the ZmMADS42 gene in the endosperm was 2.4 times higher than that in the wild-type. The seed width of the T2 generation increased by 5.35%, whereas the seed length decreased by 7.78% compared with that of the wild-type. Dissection of the shoot tips of transgenic and wild-type plants from the 7-leaf stage to the 9-leaf stage revealed that the transgenic plants entered the differentiation stage earlier and exhibited more tassel meristems during their vegetative growth period. The mature transgenic plants were approximately 20 cm shorter in height and had a lower panicle position than the wild-type plants. Comparing the flowering period, the tasseling, powdering, and silking stages of the transgenic plants occurred 10 days earlier than those of the wild-type plants. The results showed that the ZmMADS42 gene played a significant role in regulating the flowering period and plant height of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianyu Lu
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Hu
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Jiao
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bai Gao
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenzhong Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuyan Guan
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiyong Ma
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Castro-Camba R, Vielba JM, Rico S, Covelo P, Cernadas MJ, Vidal N, Sánchez C. Wounding-Related Signaling Is Integrated within the Auxin-Response Framework to Induce Adventitious Rooting in Chestnut. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:388. [PMID: 38540447 PMCID: PMC10970416 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Wounding and exogenous auxin are needed to induce adventitious roots in chestnut microshoots. However, the specific inductive role of wounding has not been characterized in this species. In the present work, two main goals were established: First, we prompted to optimize exogenous auxin treatments to improve the overall health status of the shoots at the end of the rooting cycle. Second, we developed a time-series transcriptomic analysis to compare gene expression in response to wounding alone and wounding plus auxin, focusing on the early events within the first days after treatments. Results suggest that the expression of many genes involved in the rooting process is under direct or indirect control of both stimuli. However, specific levels of expression of relevant genes are only attained when both treatments are applied simultaneously, leading to the successful development of roots. In this sense, we have identified four transcription factors upregulated by auxin (CsLBD16, CsERF113, Cs22D and CsIAA6), with some of them also being induced by wounding. The highest expression levels of these genes occurred when wounding and auxin treatments were applied simultaneously, correlating with the rooting response of the shoots. The results of this work clarify the genetic nature of the wounding response in chestnut, its relation to adventitious rooting, and might be helpful in the development of more specific protocols for the vegetative propagation of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Conchi Sánchez
- Department of Plant Production, Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Avda de Vigo s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (J.M.V.); (S.R.); (P.C.); (M.J.C.); (N.V.)
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Castro-Camba R, Neves M, Correia S, Canhoto J, Vielba JM, Sánchez C. Ethylene Action Inhibition Improves Adventitious Root Induction in Adult Chestnut Tissues. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:738. [PMID: 38475584 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Phase change refers to the process of maturation and transition from the juvenile to the adult stage. In response to this shift, certain species like chestnut lose the ability to form adventitious roots, thereby hindering the successful micropropagation of adult plants. While auxin is the main hormone involved in adventitious root formation, other hormones, such as ethylene, are also thought to play a role in its induction and development. In this study, experiments were carried out to determine the effects of ethylene on the induction and growth of adventitious roots. The analysis was performed in two types of chestnut microshoots derived from the same tree, a juvenile-like line with a high rooting ability derived from basal shoots (P2BS) and a line derived from crown branches (P2CR) with low rooting responses. By means of the application of compounds to modify ethylene content or inhibit its signalling, the potential involvement of this hormone in the induction of adventitious roots was analysed. Our results show that ethylene can modify the rooting competence of mature shoots, while the response in juvenile material was barely affected. To further characterise the molecular reasons underlying this maturation-derived shift in behaviour, specific gene expression analyses were developed. The findings suggest that several mechanisms, including ethylene signalling, auxin transport and epigenetic modifications, relate to the modulation of the rooting ability of mature chestnut microshoots and their recalcitrant behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Castro-Camba
- Department of Plant Production, Misión Biológica de Galicia, CSIC, Avda de Vigo s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mariana Neves
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Correia
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- InnovPlantProtect CoLab, Estrada de Gil Vaz, 7350-478 Elvas, Portugal
| | - Jorge Canhoto
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jesús M Vielba
- Department of Plant Production, Misión Biológica de Galicia, CSIC, Avda de Vigo s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Conchi Sánchez
- Department of Plant Production, Misión Biológica de Galicia, CSIC, Avda de Vigo s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Du Q, Song K, Wang L, Du L, Du H, Li B, Li H, Yang L, Wang Y, Liu P. Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis Promotes the Understanding of Adventitious Root Formation in Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:136. [PMID: 38202444 PMCID: PMC10780705 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
As a primary approach to nutrient propagation for many woody plants, cutting roots is essential for the breeding and production of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. In this study, hormone level, transcriptomics, and metabolomics analyses were performed on two E. ulmoides varieties with different adventitious root (AR) formation abilities. The higher JA level on the 0th day and the lower JA level on the 18th day promoted superior AR development. Several hub genes executed crucial roles in the crosstalk regulation of JA and other hormones, including F-box protein (EU012075), SAUR-like protein (EU0125382), LOB protein (EU0124232), AP2/ERF transcription factor (EU0128499), and CYP450 protein (EU0127354). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolites of AR formation were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathways. The up-regulated expression of PAL, CCR, CAD, DFR, and HIDH genes on the 18th day could contribute to AR formation. The 130 cis-acting lncRNAs had potential regulatory functions on hub genes in the module that significantly correlated with JA and DEGs in three metabolism pathways. These revealed key molecules, and vital pathways provided more comprehensive insight for the AR formation mechanism of E. ulmoides and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Q.D.); (L.W.); (L.D.); (H.D.)
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kangkang Song
- College of Plant Protection and Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (K.S.); (B.L.)
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Q.D.); (L.W.); (L.D.); (H.D.)
| | - Lanying Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Q.D.); (L.W.); (L.D.); (H.D.)
| | - Hongyan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Q.D.); (L.W.); (L.D.); (H.D.)
| | - Bin Li
- College of Plant Protection and Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (K.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Haozhen Li
- College of Plant Protection and Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (K.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Long Yang
- College of Plant Protection and Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (K.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Q.D.); (L.W.); (L.D.); (H.D.)
| | - Panfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Q.D.); (L.W.); (L.D.); (H.D.)
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Varas E, Valladares S, Vielba J, Vidal N, Sánchez C. Expression of CsSCL1 and Rooting Response in Chestnut Leaves Are Dependent on the Auxin Polar Transport and the Ontogenetic Origin of the Tissues. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2657. [PMID: 37514273 PMCID: PMC10385970 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the de novo regeneration of adventitious roots are still poorly understood, particularly in trees. We developed a system for studying adventitious rooting (AR) at physiological and molecular levels using leaves excised from chestnut microshoots of the same genotype but with two distinct ontogenetic origins that differ in rooting competence. Leaves were treated with auxin and N-1-naphthyl-phthalamic acid (NPA), an inhibitor of auxin polar transport (PAT). The physiological effects were investigated by recording rooting rates and the number and quality of the roots. Molecular responses were examined by localizing and monitoring the changes in the expression of CsSCL1, an auxin-inducible gene in juvenile and mature shoots during AR. The rooting response of leaves was ontogenetic-stage dependent and similar to that of the donor microshoots. Initiation of root primordia and root development were inhibited by application of NPA, although its effect depended on the timing of application. CsSCL1 was upregulated by auxin only in rooting-competent leaves during the novo root organogenesis, and the expression was reduced by NPA. The inhibitory effect on gene expression was detected during the reprograming of rooting competent cells towards root initials in response to auxin, indicating that PAT-mediated upregulation of CsSCL1 is required in the initial steps of AR in chestnut leaves. The localized expression of CsSCL1 in the quiescent center (QC) also suggests a role for this gene in the maintenance of meristematic competence and root radial patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Varas
- Misión Biológica de Galicia Sede Santiago de Compostela, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apdo 122, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Fundación Promiva, Ctra M-501, Km 5.4, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Valladares
- Misión Biológica de Galicia Sede Santiago de Compostela, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apdo 122, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Agromillora Iberia, C/El Rebato, s/n, 08379 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Vielba
- Misión Biológica de Galicia Sede Santiago de Compostela, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apdo 122, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nieves Vidal
- Misión Biológica de Galicia Sede Santiago de Compostela, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apdo 122, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Conchi Sánchez
- Misión Biológica de Galicia Sede Santiago de Compostela, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apdo 122, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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