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Malekzadeh MR, Roosta HR, Esmaeilizadeh M, Dabrowski P, Kalaji HM. Improving strawberry plant resilience to salinity and alkalinity through the use of diverse spectra of supplemental lighting. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:252. [PMID: 38589797 PMCID: PMC11000407 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explores the impact of various light spectra on the photosynthetic performance of strawberry plants subjected to salinity, alkalinity, and combined salinity/alkalinity stress. We employed supplemental lighting through Light-emitting Diodes (LEDs) with specific wavelengths: monochromatic blue (460 nm), monochromatic red (660 nm), dichromatic blue/red (1:3 ratio), and white/yellow (400-700 nm), all at an intensity of 200 µmol m-2 S-1. Additionally, a control group (ambient light) without LED treatment was included in the study. The tested experimental variants were: optimal growth conditions (control), alkalinity (40 mM NaHCO3), salinity (80 mM NaCl), and a combination of salinity/alkalinity. RESULTS The results revealed a notable decrease in photosynthetic efficiency under both salinity and alkalinity stresses, especially when these stresses were combined, in comparison to the no-stress condition. However, the application of supplemental lighting, particularly with the red and blue/red spectra, mitigated the adverse effects of stress. The imposed stress conditions had a detrimental impact on both gas exchange parameters and photosynthetic efficiency of the plants. In contrast, treatments involving blue, red, and blue/red light exhibited a beneficial effect on photosynthetic efficiency compared to other lighting conditions. Further analysis of JIP-test parameters confirmed that these specific light treatments significantly ameliorated the stress impacts. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the utilization of blue, red, and blue/red light spectra has the potential to enhance plant resilience in the face of salinity and alkalinity stresses. This discovery presents a promising strategy for cultivating plants in anticipation of future challenging environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Malekzadeh
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718817111, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Roosta
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
| | - Majid Esmaeilizadeh
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718817111, Kerman, Iran
| | - Piotr Dabrowski
- Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska str. 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Science, 159 Nowoursynowska St, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
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Mo Q, Liu Y, Wei H, Jiang L, Wu E, Lin L, Yang Q, Yu X, Yan L, Li Y. Salt Tolerance in Machilus faberi: Elucidating Growth and Physiological Adaptations to Saline Environments. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:75. [PMID: 38392294 PMCID: PMC10886294 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Adversity stress is the main environmental factor limiting plant growth and development, including salt and other stress factors. This study delves into the adaptability and salt tolerance mechanisms of Machilus faberi Hemsl, a species with potential for cultivation in salinized areas. We subjected the plants to various salt concentrations to observe their growth responses and to assess key physiological and biochemical indicators. The results revealed that under high salt concentrations (500 and 700 mmol-1/L), symptoms such as leaf yellowing, wilting, and eventual death were observed. Notably, plant height and shoot growth ceased on the 14th day of exposure. Chlorophyll content (a, b, total a + b, and the a/b ratio) initially increased but subsequently decreased under varying levels of salt stress. Similarly, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, leaf water content, and root activity significantly declined under these conditions. Moreover, we observed an increase in malondialdehyde levels and relative conductivity, indicative of cellular damage and stress. The activity of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase initially increased and then diminished with prolonged stress, whereas peroxidase activity consistently increased. Levels of proline and soluble protein exhibited an upward trend, contrasting with the fluctuating pattern of soluble sugars, which decreased initially but increased subsequently. In conclusion, M. faberi exhibits a degree of tolerance to salt stress, albeit with growth limitations when concentrations exceed 300 mmol-1/L. These results shed light on the plant's mechanisms of responding to salt stress and provide a theoretical foundation for its cultivation and application in salt-affected regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Mo
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Botanical Garden, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410005, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410005, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Haohui Wei
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410005, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | | | - En Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410005, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ling Lin
- School of Economics, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qihong Yang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410005, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410005, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lihong Yan
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Botanical Garden, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410005, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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Zhao Z, Zheng H, Wang M, Guo Y, Wang Y, Zheng C, Tao Y, Sun X, Qian D, Cao G, Zhu M, Liang M, Wang M, Gong Y, Li B, Wang J, Sun Y. Reshifting Na + from Shoots into Long Roots Is Associated with Salt Tolerance in Two Contrasting Inbred Maize ( Zea mays L.) Lines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1952. [PMID: 37653869 PMCID: PMC10220590 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Maize, as a glycophyte, is hypersensitive to salinity, but the salt response mechanism of maize remains unclear. In this study, the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of two contrasting inbred lines, the salt-tolerant QXH0121 and salt-sensitive QXN233 lines, were investigated in response to salt stress. Under salt stress, the tolerant QXH0121 line exhibited good performance, while in the sensitive QXN233 line, there were negative effects on the growth of the leaves and roots. The most important finding was that QXH0121 could reshift Na+ from shoots into long roots, migrate excess Na+ in shoots to alleviate salt damage to shoots, and also improve K+ retention in shoots, which were closely associated with the enhanced expression levels of ZmHAK1 and ZmNHX1 in QXH0121 compared to those in QXN233 under salt stress. Additionally, QXH0121 leaves accumulated more proline, soluble protein, and sugar contents and had higher SOD activity levels than those observed in QXN233, which correlated with the upregulation of ZmP5CR, ZmBADH, ZmTPS1, and ZmSOD4 in QXH0121 leaves. These were the main causes of the higher salt tolerance of QXH0121 in contrast to QXN233. These results broaden our knowledge about the underlying mechanism of salt tolerance in different maize varieties, providing novel insights into breeding maize with a high level of salt resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Zhao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Hongxia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Minghao Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Yaning Guo
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Yingfei Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Chaoli Zheng
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Xiaofeng Sun
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Dandan Qian
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Guanglong Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Mengqian Zhu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Mengting Liang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Mei Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Yan Gong
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Bingxiao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jinye Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Yanling Sun
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (X.S.); (D.Q.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (M.W.); (Y.G.); (B.L.); (J.W.)
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