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Li X, Wang R, Wang Y, Li X, Shi Q, Yu Y. PpGATA21 Enhances the Expression of PpGA2ox7 to Regulate the Mechanism of Cerasus humilis Rootstock-Mediated Dwarf in Peach Trees. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7402. [PMID: 39000509 PMCID: PMC11242874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dwarfing rootstocks enhance planting density, lower tree height, and reduce both labor in peach production. Cerasus humilis is distinguished by its dwarf stature, rapid growth, and robust fruiting capabilities, presenting substantial potential for further development. In this study, Ruipan 4 was used as the scion and grafted onto Amygdalus persica and Cerasus humilis, respectively. The results indicate that compared to grafting combination R/M (Ruipan 4/Amygdalus persica), grafting combination R/O (Ruipan 4/Cerasus humilis) plants show a significant reduction in height and a significant increase in flower buds. RNA-seq indicates that genes related to gibberellin (GA) and auxin metabolism are involved in the dwarfing process of scions mediated by C. humilis. The expression levels of the GA metabolism-related gene PpGA2ox7 significantly increased in R/O and are strongly correlated with plant height, branch length, and internode length. Furthermore, GA levels were significantly reduced in R/O. The transcription factor PpGATA21 was identified through yeast one-hybrid screening of the PpGA2ox7 promoter. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) demonstrate that PpGATA21 can bind to the promoter of PpGA2ox7 and activate its expression. Overall, PpGATA21 activates the expression of the GA-related gene PpGA2ox7, resulting in reduced GA levels and consequent dwarfing of plants mediated by C. humilis. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of C. humilis and offers a scientific foundation for the dwarfing and high-density cultivation of peach trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Q.S.)
| | - Ruxin Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Q.S.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center on Characteristic Berry Germplasm Innovation & Utilization, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yuman Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Q.S.)
| | - Xueqiang Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Q.S.)
| | - Qiaofang Shi
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Q.S.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center on Characteristic Berry Germplasm Innovation & Utilization, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yihe Yu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Q.S.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center on Characteristic Berry Germplasm Innovation & Utilization, Luoyang 471023, China
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He M, Chen P, Li M, Lei F, Lu W, Jiang C, Liu J, Li Y, Xiao J, Zheng Y. Physiological and transcriptome analysis of changes in endogenous hormone and sugar content during the formation of tender asparagus stems. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:581. [PMID: 38898382 PMCID: PMC11186092 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Asparagus is a nutritionally dense stem vegetable whose growth and development are correlated with its quality and yield. To investigate the dynamic changes and underlying mechanisms during the elongation and growth process of asparagus stems, we documented the growth pattern of asparagus and selected stem segments from four consecutive elongation stages using physiological and transcriptome analyses. Notably, the growth rate of asparagus accelerated at a length of 25 cm. A significant decrease in the concentration of sucrose, fructose, glucose, and additional sugars was observed in the elongation region of tender stems. Conversely, the levels of auxin and gibberellins(GAs) were elevated along with increased activity of enzymes involved in sucrose degradation. A significant positive correlation existed between auxin, GAs, and enzymes involved in sucrose degradation. The ABA content gradually increased with stem elongation. The tissue section showed that cell elongation is an inherent manifestation of stem elongation. The differential genes screened by transcriptome analysis were enriched in pathways such as starch and sucrose metabolism, phytohormone synthesis metabolism, and signal transduction. The expression levels of genes such as ARF, GA20ox, NCED, PIF4, and otherswere upregulated during stem elongation, while DAO, GA2ox, and other genes were downregulated. The gene expression level was consistent with changes in hormone content and influenced the cell length elongation. Additionally, the expression results of RT-qPCR were consistent with RNA-seq. The observed variations in gene expression levels, endogenous hormones and sugar changes during the elongation and growth of asparagus tender stems offer valuable insights for future investigations into the molecular mechanisms of asparagus stem growth and development and provide a theoretical foundation for cultivation and production practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Peiran Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fengyun Lei
- Agricultural Equipment Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Lu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chengyao Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junting Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yanwen Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiachang Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yangxia Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Chen Y, Orlov YL, Chen M. Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism of the Intermediate Secondary Growth and Internode Elongation of the Castor Bean ( Ricinus communis L.) by the Combined Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1053. [PMID: 38256130 PMCID: PMC10816189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The length of internodes plays a crucial role in determining the height of the castor plant (Ricinus communis L.). However, the specific mechanisms underlying internode elongation, particularly in the main stem of the castor plant, remain uncertain. To further investigate this, we conducted a study focusing on the internode tissue of the dwarf castor variety 071113, comparing it with the control high-stalk Zhuansihao. Our study included a cytological observation, physiological measurement, transcriptome sequencing, and metabolic determination. Our integrated findings reveal that the dwarf variety 071113 undergoes an earlier lignification development in the main stem and has a more active lignin synthesis pathway during internode intermediate development. In addition, the dwarf variety exhibited lower levels of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which had an impact on the development process. Furthermore, we identified specific enzymes and regulators that were enriched in the pathways of the cell cycle, auxin signal transduction, and secondary cell wall synthesis. Using these findings, we developed a model that explained the intermediate secondary growth observed in castor internode elongation and enhanced our comprehension of the dwarfing mechanism of the 071113 variety. This research provides a theoretical groundwork for the future breeding of dwarf castor varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Yuriy L. Orlov
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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