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Maroudas-Sklare N, Goren N, Yochelis S, Jung G, Keren N, Paltiel Y. Probing the design principles of photosynthetic systems through fluorescence noise measurement. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13877. [PMID: 38880795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the energetic processes which govern photosynthesis, the engine of life on earth, are an essential goal both for fundamental research and for cutting-edge biotechnological applications. Fluorescent signal of photosynthetic markers has long been utilised in this endeavour. In this research we demonstrate the use of fluorescent noise analysis to reveal further layers of intricacy in photosynthetic energy transfer. While noise is a common tool analysing dynamics in physics and engineering, its application in biology has thus far been limited. Here, a distinct behaviour in photosynthetic pigments across various chemical and biological environments is measured. These changes seem to elucidate quantum effects governing the generation of oxidative radicals. Although our method offers insights, it is important to note that the interpretation should be further validated expertly to support as conclusive theory. This innovative method is simple, non-invasive, and immediate, making it a promising tool to uncover further, more complex energetic events in photosynthesis, with potential uses in environmental monitoring, agriculture, and food-tech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Maroudas-Sklare
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Naama Goren
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shira Yochelis
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Grzegorz Jung
- Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Instytut Fizyki PAN, 02668, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Nir Keren
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Kaneko S, Hirotaka S, Tsujii M, Maruyama H, Uozumi N, Arai F. Instantaneous extracellular solution exchange for concurrent evaluation of membrane permeability of single cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:281-291. [PMID: 38086698 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00633f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The osmotic stress imposed on microorganisms by hypotonic conditions is perceived to regulate water and solute flux via cell membranes, which are crucial for survival. Some cells that fail to perceive osmotic stress die because this results in the rupture of the cell membrane. The flux through the membrane is characterized by the membrane permeability, which is measured using a stopped-flow apparatus in response to a millisecond-order osmolarity change. However, the obtained data are an ensemble average of each cell response. Additionally, the measurement of permeability, considering cellular viability, contributes to a more accurate evaluation of osmoadaptation. Here, we present a novel on-chip instantaneous extracellular solution exchange method using an air-liquid interface. The presented method provides a concurrent evaluation at the single-cell level in response to a millisecond-order osmotic shock, considering cellular viability by solution exchange. This method utilizes a liquid bridge with a locally formed droplet on the surface of a micropillar fabricated inside a microchannel. We evaluated a solution exchange time of 3.6 ms and applied this method to Synechocystis PCC 6803 under two different osmolarity conditions. The live/dead ratio of 1 M to 0.5 M osmotic down shock condition was 78.8/21.2% while that of 1 M to 0.25 M osmotic down shock condition was 40.0/60.0%. We evaluated the water permeability of two groups: cells that were still live before and after osmotic shock (hereafter named cell type 1), and cells that were live before but were dead 10 minutes after osmotic shock (hereafter named cell type 2). The results indicated that the water permeability of cell type 2 was higher than that of cell type 1. The results obtained using the presented methods confirmed that the effect of osmotic stress can be accurately evaluated using single-cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kaneko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Sugiura Hirotaka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Masaru Tsujii
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hisataka Maruyama
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Fumihito Arai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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