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da Silva VT, Mateus N, de Freitas V, Fernandes A. Plant-Based Meat Analogues: Exploring Proteins, Fibers and Polyphenolic Compounds as Functional Ingredients for Future Food Solutions. Foods 2024; 13:2303. [PMID: 39063388 PMCID: PMC11275277 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As the lack of resources required to meet the demands of a growing population is increasingly evident, plant-based diets can be seen as part of the solution, also addressing ethical, environmental, and health concerns. The rise of vegetarian and vegan food regimes is a powerful catalyzer of a transition from animal-based diets to plant-based diets, which foments the need for innovation within the food industry. Vegetables and fruits are a rich source of protein, and bioactive compounds such as dietary fibres and polyphenols and can be used as technological ingredients (e.g., thickening agents, emulsifiers, or colouring agents), while providing health benefits. This review provides insight on the potential of plant-based ingredients as a source of alternative proteins, dietary fibres and antioxidant compounds, and their use for the development of food- and alternative plant-based products. The application of these ingredients on meat analogues and their impact on health, the environment and consumers' acceptance are discussed. Given the current knowledge on meat analogue production, factors like cost, production and texturization techniques, upscaling conditions, sensory attributes and nutritional safety are factors that require further development to fully achieve the full potential of plant-based meat analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Trincão da Silva
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Mo X, Wang L, Yu C, Kou C. Combined Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analysis of the Distribution of Flavonoids in the Fibrous Root and Taproot of Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:828. [PMID: 39062607 PMCID: PMC11275391 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polygonati rhizoma, known for its distinct yellow rhizomes, is a common therapeutic and culinary plant in Far East Asia. The hue of medicinal plants is closely tied to the flavonoid biosynthesis and content levels. In this research, the fibrous root and taproot of Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl. were studied to explore the secondary metabolite expression and flavonoid biosynthesis mechanisms using transcriptomics and metabolomics. Metabolic analysis identified that the differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in the fibrous root and taproot were predominantly flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, and phenolic acids. Overall, 200 flavonoids were identified in P. kingianum Coll.et Hemsl., with 170 exhibiting variances between the fibrous root and taproot. The transcriptome analysis revealed that a total of 289 unigenes encoding 32 enzymes were annotated into four flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, which include phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathway, and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathway. The integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic data elucidated that the 76 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding 13 enzyme genes (HCT, CCOMT, C4H, C3'H, CHI, PGT1, FLS, F3'H, CHS, ANR, DFR, F3'5'H, and LAR) and 15 DAMs preferred to be regulated in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. The expression of 10 DEGs was validated by qRT-PCR, agreeing with the same results by RNA-Seq. These findings shed light into the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in P. kingianum Coll.et Hemsl., offering valuable information for the sustainable utilization and enhancement of this plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Mo
- Department of Applied Technology, Lijiang Teachers College, Lijiang 674199, China; (L.W.); (C.Y.); (C.K.)
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Mogîldea ED, Mitoi ME, Biță-Nicolae C, Murariu D. Urban Flora Riches: Unraveling Metabolic Variation Along Altitudinal Gradients in Two Spontaneous Plant Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:657. [PMID: 38475503 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Using resilient, self-sustaining plants in urban green spaces enhances environmental and cultural benefits and reduces management costs. We assessed two spontaneous plant species, Linaria vulgaris Mill. and Cichorium intybus L., in four sites from the surrounding urban areas, ranging in altitude from 78 to 1040 m. Protection against UV-B radiation is crucial for plants at higher altitudes, guiding our focus on UV-visible absorption spectra, fluorometric emission spectra, secondary metabolite accumulation, and pigment dynamics in leaves. Our findings revealed a slight increase in UV-absorbing compounds with altitude and species-specific changes in visible spectra. The UV-emission of fluorochromes decreased, while red emission increased with altitude but only in chicory. Polyphenols and flavonoids showed a slight upward trend with altitude. Divergent trends were observed in condensed tannin accumulation, with L. vulgaris decreasing and C. intybus increasing with altitude. Additionally, chicory leaves from higher altitudes (792 and 1040 m) contained significantly lower triterpene concentrations. In L. vulgaris, chlorophyll pigments and carotenoids varied with sites, contrasting with UV absorbance variations. For C. intybus, pigment variation was similar to absorbance changes in the UV and VIS range, except at the highest altitude. These observations provide valuable insights into species-specific strategies for adapting to diverse environmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Daniela Mogîldea
- Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, 296 Spl. Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Elena Mitoi
- Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, 296 Spl. Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Claudia Biță-Nicolae
- Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, 296 Spl. Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dumitru Murariu
- Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, 296 Spl. Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
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Zhao J, Cheng Y, Jiang N, Qiao G, Qin W. Rhizosphere-associated soil microbiome variability in Verticillium wilt-affected Cotinus coggygria. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1279096. [PMID: 38249458 PMCID: PMC10797040 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1279096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Verticillium wilt is the most devastating soil-borne disease affecting Cotinus coggygria in the progress of urban landscape construction in China. Methods To assess the variability of the rhizosphere-associated soil microbiome in response to Verticillium wilt occurrence, we investigated the microbial diversity, taxonomic composition, biomarker species, and co-occurrence network of the rhizosphere-associated soil in Verticillium wilt-affected C. coggygria using Illumina sequencing. Results The alpha diversity indices of the rhizosphere bacteria in Verticillium wilt-affected plants showed no significant variability compared with those in healthy plants, except for a moderate increase in the Shannon and Invsimpson indices, while the fungal alpha diversity indices were significantly decreased. The abundance of certain dominant or crucial microbial taxa, such as Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Streptomyces, and Trichoderma, displayed significant variations among different soil samples. The bacterial and fungal community structures exhibited distinct variability, as evidenced by the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrices. Co-occurrence networks unveiled intricate interactions within the microbial community of Verticillium wilt-affected C. coggygria, with greater edge numbers and higher network density. The phenomenon was more evident in the fungal community, showing increased positive interaction, which may be associated with the aggravation of Verticillium wilt with the aid of Fusarium. The proportions of bacteria involved in membrane transport and second metabolite biosynthesis functions were significantly enriched in the diseased rhizosphere soil samples. Discussion These findings suggested that healthy C. coggygria harbored an obviously higher abundance of beneficial microbial consortia, such as Bacillus, while Verticillium wilt-affected plants may recruit antagonistic members such as Streptomyces in response to Verticillium dahliae infection. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the soil micro-ecological mechanism of Verticillium wilt occurrence, which may be helpful in the prevention and control of the disease in C. coggygria from the microbiome perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Cheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Guanghang Qiao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Qin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ciocan AG, Maximilian C, Mitoi EM, Moldovan RC, Neguț D, Iuga CA, Helepciuc FE, Holobiuc I, Radu M, Vassu Dimov T, Cogălniceanu G. The Impact of Acute Low-Dose Gamma Irradiation on Biomass Accumulation and Secondary Metabolites Production in Cotinus coggygria Scop. and Fragaria × ananassa Duch. Red Callus Cultures. Metabolites 2023; 13:894. [PMID: 37623838 PMCID: PMC10456250 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotinus coggygria Scop. (smoketree) and Fragaria × ananassa Duch. (strawberry) are two industrially important species due to their composition in bioactive compounds. In this study, we investigated the effects of acute low-dose gamma irradiation (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 Gy) on two red callus cultures established in smoketree and strawberry. The biomass production, dry weight, content of phenols, flavonoids, monomeric anthocyanins', index of anthocyanins polymerization and antioxidant activity were evaluated. For the smoketree callus, a negative correlation between irradiation doses and callus biomass accumulation was observed. For the strawberry callus, irradiation did not significantly affect the accumulation of the biomass. An increased dry weight was observed in irradiated smoketree callus, while for treated strawberry callus, a decrease was recorded. Irradiation with 30 Gy was stimulative for polyphenols' accumulation in both cultures; however, the increase was significant only in the strawberry callus. The flavonoids increased in the 30 Gy strawberry variants, while it significantly decreased in smoketree callus irradiated with 35 and 40 Gy. In irradiated strawberry callus, except for the 25 Gy variant (1.65 ± 0.4 mg C-3-GE/g DW), all treatments caused an increase in anthocyanins' accumulation. In smoketree, except for the 15 Gy variant (2.14 ± 0.66 mg C-3-GE/g DW), the irradiation determined an increase in anthocyanins synthesis, with the highest value being seen in the 20 Gy variant (2.8 ± 0.94 mg C-3-GE/g DW). According to UPLC-HRMS investigations, an unidentified compound increased by 99% at the 30 Gy dose in strawberry callus, while in smoketree, maslinic acid increased by 51% after irradiation with 40 Gy. The results of this study showed, for the first time, the differential response of two performant callus cultures to low-dose gamma irradiation, a biotechnological method that can be used to stimulate the synthesis of important flavonoids and triterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Gabriela Ciocan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.C.); (F.E.H.); (I.H.); (G.C.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Carmen Maximilian
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.C.); (F.E.H.); (I.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Elena Monica Mitoi
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.C.); (F.E.H.); (I.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Radu-Cristian Moldovan
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine—MedFuture, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 4-6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.-C.M.); (C.-A.I.)
| | - Daniel Neguț
- IRASM Radiation Processing Department, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului Street 30, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
| | - Cristina-Adela Iuga
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine—MedFuture, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 4-6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.-C.M.); (C.-A.I.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florența Elena Helepciuc
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.C.); (F.E.H.); (I.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Irina Holobiuc
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.C.); (F.E.H.); (I.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Mihai Radu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului Street 30, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
| | - Tatiana Vassu Dimov
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Gina Cogălniceanu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.C.); (F.E.H.); (I.H.); (G.C.)
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