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Zribi I, Ghorbel M, Jrad O, Masmoudi K, Brini F. The wheat pathogenesis-related protein (TdPR1.2) enhanced tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:1035-1049. [PMID: 38687397 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01955-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In plants, the pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins have been identified as important regulators of biotic and abiotic stresses. PR proteins branch out into 19 different classes (PR1-PR19). Basically, all PR proteins display a well-established method of action, with the notable exception of PR1, which is a member of a large superfamily of proteins with a common CAP domain. We have previously isolated and characterized the first PR1 from durum wheat, called TdPR-1.2. In the current research work, TdPR1.2 gene was used to highlight its functional activities under various abiotic (sodium chloride (100 mM NaCl) and oxidative stresses (3 mM H2O2), hormonal salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA), and abiotic stresses (Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani). Enhancement survival index was detected in Arabidopsis transgenic plants expressing TdPR1.2 gene. Moreover, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated induction of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). It equally revealed a decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in transgenic Arabidopsis plants compared to control lines, confirming the role of TdPR1.2 in terms of alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Eventually, RT-qPCR results showed a higher expression of biotic stress-related genes (PR1 and PDF1.2) in addition to a downregulation of the wound-related gene (LOX3 and VSP2) in transgenic lines treated with jasmonic acid (JA). Notably, these findings provide evidence for the outstanding functions of PR1.2 from durum wheat which can be further invested to boost tolerance in crop plants to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Zribi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP "1177" 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ghorbel
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, 81451, Ha'il City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olfa Jrad
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP "1177" 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Masmoudi
- College of Food and Agriculture, Arid Land Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faiçal Brini
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP "1177" 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Javed T, Wang W, Sun T, Shen L, Feng X, Huang J, Zhang S. Pathogenesis-Related 1 (PR1) Protein Family Genes Involved in Sugarcane Responses to Ustilago scitaminea Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6463. [PMID: 38928169 PMCID: PMC11203535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant resistance against biotic stressors is significantly influenced by pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1) proteins. This study examines the systematic identification and characterization of PR1 family genes in sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum Np-X) and the transcript expression of selected genes in two sugarcane cultivars (ROC22 and Zhongtang3) in response to Ustilago scitaminea pathogen infection. A total of 18 SsnpPR1 genes were identified at the whole-genome level and further categorized into four groups. Notably, tandem and segmental duplication occurrences were detected in one and five SsnpPR1 gene pairs, respectively. The SsnpPR1 genes exhibited diverse physio-chemical attributes and variations in introns/exons and conserved motifs. Notably, four SsnpPR1 (SsnpPR1.02/05/09/19) proteins displayed a strong protein-protein interaction network. The transcript expression of three SsnpPR1 (SsnpPR1.04/06/09) genes was upregulated by 1.2-2.6 folds in the resistant cultivar (Zhongtang3) but downregulated in the susceptible cultivar (ROC22) across different time points as compared to the control in response to pathogen infection. Additionally, SsnpPR1.11 was specifically upregulated by 1.2-3.5 folds at 24-72 h post inoculation (hpi) in ROC22, suggesting that this gene may play an important negative regulatory role in defense responses to pathogen infection. The genetic improvement of sugarcane can be facilitated by our results, which also establish the basis for additional functional characterization of SsnpPR1 genes in response to pathogenic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Javed
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (T.J.); (W.W.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (X.F.)
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (T.J.); (W.W.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (X.F.)
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (T.J.); (W.W.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (X.F.)
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Linbo Shen
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (T.J.); (W.W.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (X.F.)
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Xiaoyan Feng
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (T.J.); (W.W.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (X.F.)
| | - Jiayan Huang
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China;
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (T.J.); (W.W.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (X.F.)
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
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Javed T, Wang W, Yang B, Shen L, Sun T, Gao SJ, Zhang S. Pathogenesis related-1 proteins in plant defense: regulation and functional diversity. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38719539 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2344583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Climate change-related environmental stresses can negatively impact crop productivity and pose a threat to sustainable agriculture. Plants have a remarkable innate ability to detect a broad array of environmental cues, including stresses that trigger stress-induced regulatory networks and signaling pathways. Transcriptional activation of plant pathogenesis related-1 (PR-1) proteins was first identified as an integral component of systemic acquired resistance in response to stress. Consistent with their central role in immune defense, overexpression of PR-1s in diverse plant species is frequently used as a marker for salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense responses. Recent advances demonstrated how virulence effectors, SA signaling cascades, and epigenetic modifications modulate PR-1 expression in response to environmental stresses. We and others showed that transcriptional regulatory networks involving PR-1s could be used to improve plant resilience to stress. Together, the results of these studies have re-energized the field and provided long-awaited insights into a possible function of PR-1s under extreme environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Javed
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya, China
| | - Benpeng Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Linbo Shen
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - San-Ji Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya, China
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Anuradha C, Mol PP, Chandrasekar A, Backiyarani S, Thangavelu R, Selvarajan R. Unveiling the dynamic expression of PR-1 during Musa spp. infection by Fusarium oxysporum fsp. Cubense: a cloning and characterization study. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:362. [PMID: 38403791 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogen-related proteins (PR) are pivotal in plant defense, combating diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. While multiple gene families contribute to banana resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f sp. cubense (Foc), Pseudocercospora eumusae, and Pratylenchus coffeae, the significance of PR-1 genes in defense is paramount. METHODS Three PR-1 genes, up-regulated under diverse biotic stresses, were cloned from both resistant and susceptible cultivars of Foc, P. eumusae, and P. coffeae. Molecular characterization, phylogenetic analysis, and docking studies with the Foc TR4 CP gene were conducted. RESULTS Through transcriptomic and real-time studies, three PR-1 genes (Ma02_g15050, Ma02_g15060, and Ma04_g34800) from Musa spp. were identified. These genes exhibited significant up-regulation in resistant cultivars when exposed to Foc, P. eumusae, and P. coffeae. Cloning of these genes was successfully performed from both resistant and susceptible cultivars of Foc race 1 and TR4, P. eumusae, and P. coffeae. Distinct characteristics were observed among the PR-1 genes, with groups 1 and 2 being acidic with signal peptides, and group 3 being basic without signal peptides. All cloned PR-1 proteins belonged to the CAP superfamily (PF00188). Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering patterns for acidic PR-1 proteins, and KEGG orthology showed associations with vital pathways, including MAPK signaling, plant hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction. Secondary and tertiary structure analyses confirmed sequence conservation across studied species. Docking studies explored interactions between the cerato-platanin (CP) gene from Foc TR4 and Ma02_g15060 from banana, suggesting the potential hindrance of PR-1 antifungal activity through direct interaction. CONCLUSIONS The findings underscore the crucial role of cloned PR-1 genes in banana plant defense mechanisms against a broad spectrum of biotic stresses. These genes, especially those in groups 1 and 2, hold promise as candidates for developing stress-tolerant banana cultivars. The study provides valuable insights into the molecular aspects of banana defense strategies, emphasizing the potential applications of PR-1 genes in enhancing banana resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelliah Anuradha
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 102, India.
| | - Punchakkara Prashina Mol
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 102, India
| | - Arumugam Chandrasekar
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 102, India
| | - Suthanthiram Backiyarani
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 102, India
| | - Raman Thangavelu
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 102, India
| | - Ramasamy Selvarajan
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 102, India
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Zhao S, Li M, Ren X, Wang C, Sun X, Sun M, Yu X, Wang X. Enhancement of broad-spectrum disease resistance in wheat through key genes involved in systemic acquired resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1355178. [PMID: 38463563 PMCID: PMC10921362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1355178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an inducible disease resistance phenomenon in plant species, providing plants with broad-spectrum resistance to secondary pathogen infections beyond the initial infection site. In Arabidopsis, SAR can be triggered by direct pathogen infection or treatment with the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA), as well as its analogues 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) and benzothiadiazole (BTH). The SA receptor non-expressor of pathogenesis-related protein gene 1 (NPR1) protein serves as a key regulator in controlling SAR signaling transduction. Similarly, in common wheat (Triticum aestivum), pathogen infection or treatment with the SA analogue BTH can induce broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew, leaf rust, Fusarium head blight, and other diseases. However, unlike SAR in the model plant Arabidopsis or rice, SAR-like responses in wheat exhibit unique features and regulatory pathways. The acquired resistance (AR) induced by the model pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 is regulated by NPR1, but its effects are limited to the adjacent region of the same leaf and not systemic. On the other hand, the systemic immunity (SI) triggered by Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis (Xtc) or Pseudomonas syringae pv. japonica (Psj) is not controlled by NPR1 or SA, but rather closely associated with jasmonate (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and several transcription factors. Furthermore, the BTH-induced resistance (BIR) partially depends on NPR1 activation, leading to a broader and stronger plant defense response. This paper provides a systematic review of the research progress on SAR in wheat, emphasizes the key regulatory role of NPR1 in wheat SAR, and summarizes the potential of pathogenesis-related protein (PR) genes in genetically modifying wheat to enhance broad-spectrum disease resistance. This review lays an important foundation for further analyzing the molecular mechanism of SAR and genetically improving broad-spectrum disease resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Chuyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xinbo Sun
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Manli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiumei Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Ghorbel M, Zribi I, Haddaji N, Siddiqui AJ, Bouali N, Brini F. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Catalase Gene Families in Triticeae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:11. [PMID: 38202319 PMCID: PMC10781083 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Aerobic metabolism in plants results in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a significant and comparatively stable non-radical reactive oxygen species (ROS). H2O2 is a signaling molecule that regulates particular physiological and biological processes (the cell cycle, photosynthesis, plant growth and development, and plant responses to environmental challenges) at low concentrations. Plants may experience oxidative stress and ultimately die from cell death if excess H2O2 builds up. Triticum dicoccoides, Triticum urartu, and Triticum spelta are different ancient wheat species that present different interesting characteristics, and their importance is becoming more and more clear. In fact, due to their interesting nutritive health, flavor, and nutritional values, as well as their resistance to different parasites, the cultivation of these species is increasingly important. Thus, it is important to understand the mechanisms of plant tolerance to different biotic and abiotic stresses by studying different stress-induced gene families such as catalases (CAT), which are important H2O2-metabolizing enzymes found in plants. Here, we identified seven CAT-encoding genes (TdCATs) in Triticum dicoccoides, four genes in Triticum urartu (TuCATs), and eight genes in Triticum spelta (TsCATs). The accuracy of the newly identified wheat CAT gene members in different wheat genomes is confirmed by the gene structures, phylogenetic relationships, protein domains, and subcellular location analyses discussed in this article. In fact, our analysis showed that the identified genes harbor the following two conserved domains: a catalase domain (pfam00199) and a catalase-related domain (pfam06628). Phylogenetic analyses showed that the identified wheat CAT proteins were present in an analogous form in durum wheat and bread wheat. Moreover, the identified CAT proteins were located essentially in the peroxisome, as revealed by in silico analyses. Interestingly, analyses of CAT promoters in those species revealed the presence of different cis elements related to plant development, maturation, and plant responses to different environmental stresses. According to RT-qPCR, Triticum CAT genes showed distinctive expression designs in the studied organs and in response to different treatments (salt, heat, cold, mannitol, and ABA). This study completed a thorough analysis of the CAT genes in Triticeae, which advances our knowledge of CAT genes and establishes a framework for further functional analyses of the wheat gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Ghorbel
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il City 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.); (N.H.); (A.J.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Ikram Zribi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia;
| | - Najla Haddaji
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il City 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.); (N.H.); (A.J.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il City 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.); (N.H.); (A.J.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Nouha Bouali
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il City 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.); (N.H.); (A.J.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Faiçal Brini
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia;
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Ghorbel M, Zribi I, Besbes M, Bouali N, Brini F. Catalase Gene Family in Durum Wheat: Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Profiling in Response to Multiple Abiotic Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2720. [PMID: 37514334 PMCID: PMC10384705 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Catalase (CAT) is an antioxidant enzyme expressed by the CAT gene family and exists in almost all aerobic organisms. In fact, the CAT enzyme modulates the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents in cells by translating this toxic compound into water (H2O) and O2- to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents in cells. ROS are produced as a result of biotic and abiotic environmental stressors. To avoid ROS toxicity, plants are armed with different enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems to decompose ROS. Among the enzymatic system, CAT proteins are well studied. CAT not only controls growth and development in plants but is also involved in plant defense against different stresses. So far, the CAT gene family has not been reported in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum L.). Therefore, a genome-wide comprehensive analysis was conducted to classify the CAT genes in the durum wheat genome. Here, six TdCAT genes were identified. Based on phylogenetics, the TdCAT genes belong to three groups (Groups I-III) which is explainable by their comparable structural characteristics. Using bio-informatic analysis, we found that the secondary and tertiary structures were conserved among plants and present similar structures among durum wheat CATs. Two conserved domains (pfam00199 and pfam06628) are also present in all identified proteins, which have different subcellular localizations: peroxisome and mitochondrion. By analyzing their promoters, different cis-elements were identified, such as hormone-correlated response and stress-related responsive elements. Finally, we studied the expression pattern of two catalase genes belonging to two different sub-classes under different abiotic stresses. Expression profiling revealed that TdCAT2 and TdCAT3 presented a constitutive expression pattern. Moreover, both genes are induced in response to salt, mannitol, cold, heat and ABA. Thus, we speculate that those genes are activated by different stresses, such as oxygen deficiency, light, cold, abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate. Further, this study will help in understanding the behavior of CAT genes during environmental stress in durum wheat and in Triticeae species in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Ghorbel
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il City 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Zribi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il City 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malek Besbes
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il City 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouha Bouali
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il City 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiçal Brini
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
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