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Pang Y, Cao L, Ye F, Ma C, Liang X, Song Y, Lu X. Identification of the Maize PP2C Gene Family and Functional Studies on the Role of ZmPP2C15 in Drought Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:340. [PMID: 38337873 PMCID: PMC10856965 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The protein phosphatase PP2C plays an important role in plant responses to stress. Therefore, the identification of maize PP2C genes that respond to drought stress is particularly important for the improvement and creation of new drought-resistant assortments of maize. In this study, we identified 102 ZmPP2C genes in maize at the genome-wide level. We analyzed the physicochemical properties of 102 ZmPP2Cs and constructed a phylogenetic tree with Arabidopsis. By analyzing the gene structure, conserved protein motifs, and synteny, the ZmPP2Cs were found to be strongly conserved during evolution. Sixteen core genes involved in drought stress and rewatering were screened using gene co-expression network mapping and expression profiling. The qRT-PCR results showed 16 genes were induced by abscisic acid (ABA), drought, and NaCl treatments. Notably, ZmPP2C15 exhibited a substantial expression difference. Through genetic transformation, we overexpressed ZmPP2C15 and generated the CRISPR/Cas9 knockout maize mutant zmpp2c15. Overexpressing ZmPP2C15 in Arabidopsis under drought stress enhanced growth and survival compared with WT plants. The leaves exhibited heightened superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) activities, elevated proline (Pro) content, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Conversely, zmpp2c15 mutant plants displayed severe leaf dryness, curling, and wilting under drought stress. Their leaf activities of SOD, POD, APX, and CAT were lower than those in B104, while MDA was higher. This suggests that ZmPP2C15 positively regulates drought tolerance in maize by affecting the antioxidant enzyme activity and osmoregulatory substance content. Subcellular localization revealed that ZmPP2C15 was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) experiments demonstrated ZmPP2C15's interaction with ZmWIN1, ZmADT2, ZmsodC, Zmcab, and ZmLHC2. These findings establish a foundation for understanding maize PP2C gene functions, offering genetic resources and insights for molecular design breeding for drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Pang
- Grain Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.P.); (L.C.); (F.Y.); (C.M.); (X.L.); (Y.S.)
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Liru Cao
- Grain Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.P.); (L.C.); (F.Y.); (C.M.); (X.L.); (Y.S.)
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Feiyu Ye
- Grain Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.P.); (L.C.); (F.Y.); (C.M.); (X.L.); (Y.S.)
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chenchen Ma
- Grain Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.P.); (L.C.); (F.Y.); (C.M.); (X.L.); (Y.S.)
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaohan Liang
- Grain Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.P.); (L.C.); (F.Y.); (C.M.); (X.L.); (Y.S.)
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yinghui Song
- Grain Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.P.); (L.C.); (F.Y.); (C.M.); (X.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Grain Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.P.); (L.C.); (F.Y.); (C.M.); (X.L.); (Y.S.)
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Zhang P, Liu D, Ma J, Sun C, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Liu Y. Genome-wide analysis and expression pattern of the ZoPP2C gene family in Zingiber officinale Roscoe. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:83. [PMID: 38245685 PMCID: PMC10799369 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2C) are heavily involved in plant growth and development, hormone-related signaling pathways and the response of various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, a comprehensive report identifying the genome-scale of PP2C gene family in ginger is yet to be published. RESULTS In this study, 97 ZoPP2C genes were identified based on the ginger genome. These genes were classified into 15 branches (A-O) according to the phylogenetic analysis and distributed unevenly on 11 ginger chromosomes. The proteins mainly functioned in the nucleus. Similar motif patterns and exon/intron arrangement structures were identified in the same subfamily of ZoPP2Cs. Collinearity analysis indicated that ZoPP2Cs had 33 pairs of fragment duplicated events uniformly distributed on the corresponding chromosomes. Furthermore, ZoPP2Cs showed greater evolutionary proximity to banana's PP2Cs. The forecast of cis-regulatory elements and transcription factor binding sites demonstrated that ZoPP2Cs participate in ginger growth, development, and responses to hormones and stresses. ZoERFs have plenty of binding sites of ZoPP2Cs, suggesting a potential synergistic contribution between ZoERFs and ZoPP2Cs towards regulating growth/development and adverse conditions. The protein-protein interaction network displayed that five ZoPP2Cs (9/23/26/49/92) proteins have robust interaction relationship and potential function as hub proteins. Furthermore, the RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analyses have shown that ZoPP2Cs exhibit various expression patterns during ginger maturation and responses to environmental stresses such as chilling, drought, flooding, salt, and Fusarium solani. Notably, exogenous application of melatonin led to notable up-regulation of ZoPP2Cs (17/59/11/72/43) under chilling stress. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our investigation provides significant insights of the ginger PP2C gene family and establishes the groundwork for its functional validation and genetic engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Spice Crops Research Institute, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Deqi Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Spice Crops Research Institute, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Jiawei Ma
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Spice Crops Research Institute, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Chong Sun
- Special Plants Institute, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Zhaofei Wang
- Special Plants Institute, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Yongxing Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Spice Crops Research Institute, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Spice Crops Research Institute, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Yiqing Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Spice Crops Research Institute, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
- Special Plants Institute, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
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