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Estiarte M, Campioli M, Mayol M, Penuelas J. Variability and limits of nitrogen and phosphorus resorption during foliar senescence. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100503. [PMID: 36514281 PMCID: PMC10030369 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Foliar nutrient resorption (NuR) plays a key role in ecosystem functioning and plant nutrient economy. Most of this recycling occurs during the senescence of leaves and is actively addressed by cells. Here, we discuss the importance of cell biochemistry, physiology, and subcellular anatomy to condition the outcome of NuR at the cellular level and to explain the existence of limits to NuR. Nutrients are transferred from the leaf in simple metabolites that can be loaded into the phloem. Proteolysis is the main mechanism for mobilization of N, whereas P mobilization requires the involvement of different catabolic pathways, making the dynamics of P in leaves more variable than those of N before, during, and after foliar senescence. The biochemistry and fate of organelles during senescence impose constraints that limit NuR. The efficiency of NuR decreases, especially in evergreen species, as soil fertility increases, which is attributed to the relative costs of nutrient acquisition from soil decreasing with increasing soil nutrient availability, while the energetic costs of NuR from senescing leaves remain constant. NuR is genetically determined, with substantial interspecific variability, and is environmentally regulated in space and time, with nutrient availability being a key driver of intraspecific variability in NuR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Estiarte
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Matteo Campioli
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maria Mayol
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.
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Altaf F, Parveen S, Farooq S, Ul Haq A, Lone ML, Tahir I, Kaushik P, El-Serehy HA. Polyamines effectively mitigate senescence in persistent leaves of Berginia ciliata - a novel model system. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:136-145. [PMID: 35144727 DOI: 10.1071/fp21273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaves provide a unique insight into the changes that occur in organs, tissues and cells as they approach senescence. As part of the parental outlay, plants instigate leaf senescence to reallocate resources from older tissues to new organs towards the termination of the growing season. The aim of crop breeding initiatives is to optimize senescence for specific species. Considering hormonal regulation and their crosstalk during leaf senescence through integration of developmental signals, this work examines the efficacy of polyamines (PAs) in modulating several biochemical and physiological aspects with an ultimate aim to delay leaf senescence in leaf discs of Berginia ciliata (Haw.) sternb. Leaf discs were treated with putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) at 20μM, 20μM and 15μM concentration, respectively. A set of leaf discs kept in distilled water served as the control. Leaf discs treated with PAs were green and fresh by about 4 days compared to the control, thus exhibited delayed senescence. This delayed leaf senescence corroborated with the maintenance of high activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging antioxidant enzymes viz , superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and higher content of chlorophylls. A marked increase was also observed in membrane stability and soluble proteins in leaf discs treated with PAs. Exogenous PAs reduced oxidative stress in the leaf discs, as revealed by lower malondialdehyde (MDA) level, which is manifested as reduced lipid peroxidation (LPO). Improved membrane stability was proportional to lower LPO, as measured by the membrane stability index (MSI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Foziya Altaf
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Shazia Parveen
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Sumira Farooq
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Aehsan Ul Haq
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Mohammad Lateef Lone
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Inayatullah Tahir
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Hamed A El-Serehy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Soleimannejad Z, Sadeghipour HR, Abdolzadeh A, Golalipour M, Bakhtiarizadeh MR. Transcriptome alterations of radish shoots exposed to cadmium can be interpreted in the context of leaf senescence. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:35-62. [PMID: 35396977 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Till now few transcriptome studies have described shoot responses of heavy metal (HM)-sensitive plants to excess Cd and still a unifying model of Cd action is lacking. Using RNA-seq technique, the transcriptome responses of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves to Cd stress were investigated in plants raised hydroponically under control and 5.0 mg L-1 Cd. The element was mainly accumulated in roots and led to declined biomass and photosynthetic pigments, increased H2O2 and lipid peroxidation, and the accumulation of sugars, protein thiols, and phytochelatins. Out of 524 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 244 and 280 upregulated and downregulated ones were assigned to 82 and 115 GO terms, respectively. The upregulated DEGs were involved in osmotic regulation, protein metabolism, chelators, and carbohydrate metabolisms, whereas downregulated DEGs were related to photosynthesis, response to oxidative stress, glucosinolate, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Our transcriptome data suggest that Cd triggers ROS production and photosynthesis decline associated with increased proteolysis through ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)- and chloroplast-proteases and in this way brings about re-mobilization of N and C stores into amino acids and sugars. Meanwhile, declined glucosinolate metabolism in favor of chelator synthesis and upregulation of dehydrins as inferred from transcriptome analysis confers shoots some tolerance to the HM-derived ionic/osmotic imbalances. Thus, the induction of leaf senescence might be a major long-term response of HM-sensitive plants to Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Soleimannejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Abdolzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Masoud Golalipour
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Akmouche Y, Cheneby J, Lamboeuf M, Elie N, Laperche A, Bertheloot J, D'Hooghe P, Trouverie J, Avice JC, Etienne P, Brunel-Muguet S. Do nitrogen- and sulphur-remobilization-related parameters measured at the onset of the reproductive stage provide early indicators to adjust N and S fertilization in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) grown under N- and/or S-limiting supplies? PLANTA 2019; 250:2047-2062. [PMID: 31555901 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Specific combinations of physiological and molecular parameters associated with N and S remobilization measured at the onset of flowering were predictive of final crop performances in oilseed rape. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a high nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) demanding crop. Nitrogen- and S-remobilization processes allow N and S requirements to reproductive organs to be satisfied when natural uptake is reduced, thus ensuring high yield and seed quality. The quantification of physiological and molecular indicators of early N and S remobilization could be used as management tools to correct N and S fertilization. However, the major limit of this corrective strategy is to ensure the correlation between final performances-related variables and early measured parameters. In our study, four genotypes of winter oilseed rape (OSR) were grown until seed maturity under four nutritional modalities combining high and/or low N and S supplies. Plant final performances, i.e., seed production, N- and S-harvest indexes, seed N and S use efficiencies, and early parameters related to N- or S-remobilization processes, i.e., photosynthetic leaf area, N and S leaf concentrations, leaf soluble protein and leaf sulphate concentrations, and leaf RuBisCO abundance at flowering, were measured. We demonstrated that contrasting final performances existed according to the N and S supplies. An optimal N:S ratio supply could explain the treatment-specific crop performances, thus justifying N and S concurrent managements. Specific combinations of early measured plant parameters could be used to predict final performances irrespective of the nutritional supply and the genotype. This work demonstrates the potential of physiological and molecular indicators measured at flowering to reflect the functioning of N- and S-compound remobilization and to predict yield and quality penalties. However, because the predictive models are N and S independent, instant N and S leaf analyses are required to further adjust the adequate fertilization. This study is a proof of a concept which opens prospects regarding instant diagnostic tools in the context of N and S mineral fertilization management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeanne Cheneby
- UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Mickael Lamboeuf
- UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Nicolas Elie
- CEMABIO3, SFR 4206 ICORE, NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Anne Laperche
- IGEPP, Université de Rennes 1, Agrocampus, INRA, 35340, Le Rheu, France
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Poret M, Chandrasekar B, van der Hoorn RAL, Déchaumet S, Bouchereau A, Kim TH, Lee BR, Macquart F, Hara-Nishimura I, Avice JC. A Genotypic Comparison Reveals That the Improvement in Nitrogen Remobilization Efficiency in Oilseed Rape Leaves Is Related to Specific Patterns of Senescence-Associated Protease Activities and Phytohormones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:46. [PMID: 30778361 PMCID: PMC6369165 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is an oleoproteaginous crop characterized by low N use efficiency (NUE) that is mainly related to a weak Nitrogen Remobilization Efficiency (NRE) during the sequential leaf senescence of the vegetative stages. Based on the hypothesis that proteolysis efficiency is crucial for the improvement of leafNRE, our objective was to characterize key senescence-associated proteolytic mechanisms of two genotypes (Ténor and Samouraï) previously identified with contrasting NREs. To reach this goal, biochemical changes, protease activities and phytohormone patterns were studied in mature leaves undergoing senescence in two genotypes with contrasting NRE cultivated in a greenhouse under limiting or ample nitrate supply. The genotype with the higher NRE (Ténor) possessed enhanced senescence processes in response to nitrate limitation, and this led to greater degradation of soluble proteins compared to the other genotype (Samouraï). This efficient proteolysis is associated with (i) an increase in serine and cysteine protease (CP) activities and (ii) the appearance of new CP activities (RD21-like, SAG12-like, RD19-like, cathepsin-B, XBCP3-like and aleurain-like proteases) during senescence induced by N limitation. Compared to Samouraï, Ténor has a higher hormonal ratio ([salicylic acid] + [abscisic acid])/([cytokinins]) that promotes senescence, particularly under low N conditions, and this is correlated with the stronger protein degradation and serine/CP activities observed during senescence. Short statement: The improvement in N recycling during leaf senescence in a genotype of Brassica napus L. characterized by a high nitrogen remobilization efficiency is related to a high phytohormonal ratio ([salicylic acid] + [abscisic acid])/([cytokinins]) that promotes leaf senescence and is correlated with an increase or the induction of specific serine and cysteine protease activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Poret
- Université de Caen Normandie, UMR INRA–UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., FED 4277 Normandie Végétal, Caen, France
| | - Balakumaran Chandrasekar
- Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Sylvain Déchaumet
- INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Alain Bouchereau
- INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Bok-Rye Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Flavien Macquart
- Université de Caen Normandie, UMR INRA–UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., FED 4277 Normandie Végétal, Caen, France
| | - Ikuko Hara-Nishimura
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University Okamoto, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jean-Christophe Avice
- Université de Caen Normandie, UMR INRA–UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., FED 4277 Normandie Végétal, Caen, France
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Proteomic Investigations of Proteases Involved in Cotyledon Senescence: A Model to Explore the Genotypic Variability of Proteolysis Machinery Associated with Nitrogen Remobilization Efficiency during the Leaf Senescence of Oilseed Rape. Proteomes 2017; 5:proteomes5040029. [PMID: 29099081 PMCID: PMC5748564 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oilseed rape is characterized by a low nitrogen remobilization efficiency during leaf senescence, mainly due to a lack of proteolysis. Because cotyledons are subjected to senescence, it was hypothesized that contrasting protease activities between genotypes may be distinguishable early in the senescence of cotyledons. To verify this assumption, our goals were to (i) characterize protease activities in cotyledons between two genotypes with contrasting nitrogen remobilization efficiency (Ténor and Samouraï) under limiting or ample nitrate supply; and (ii) test the role of salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in proteolysis regulation. Protease activities were measured and identified by a proteomics approach combining activity-based protein profiling with LC-MS/MS. As in senescing leaves, chlorophyll and protein contents decrease in senescing cotyledons and are correlated with an increase in serine and cysteine protease activities. Two RD21-like and SAG-12 proteases previously associated with an efficient proteolysis in senescing leaves of Ténor are also detected in senescing cotyledons. The infiltration of ABA and SA provokes the induction of senescence and several cysteine and serine protease activities. The study of protease activities during the senescence of cotyledons seems to be a promising experimental model to investigate the regulation and genotypic variability of proteolysis associated with efficient N remobilization.
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