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Chernook AG, Bazhenov MS, Kroupin PY, Ermolaev AS, Kroupina AY, Vukovic M, Avdeev SM, Karlov GI, Divashuk MG. Compensatory Effect of the ScGrf3-2R Gene in Semi-Dwarf Spring Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3032. [PMID: 36432759 PMCID: PMC9695017 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The dwarfness in many triticale cultivars is provided by the dominant Ddw1 (Dominant dwarf 1) allele found in rye. However, along with conferring semi-dwarf phenotype to improve resistance to lodging, this gene also reduces grain size and weight and delays heading and flowering. Grf (Growth-regulating factors) genes are plant-specific transcription factors that regulate plant growth, including stem growth, in terms of length and thickness, and leaf and fruit size. In this work, we partially sequenced the rye gene ScGrf3 on chromosome 2R homologous to the wheat Grf3 gene, and found multiple polymorphisms in intron 3 and exon 4 complying with two alternative alleles (haplotypes ScGrf3-2Ra and ScGrf3-2Rb). For the identification of these, we developed a codominant PCR marker. Using a new marker, we studied the effect of ScGrf3-2R alleles in combination with the Ddw1 dwarf gene on economically valuable traits in F4 and F5 recombinant lines of spring triticale from the hybrid combination Valentin 90 x Dublet, grown in the Non-Chernozem zone for 2 years. Allele ScGrf3-2Ra was associated with greater thousand-grain weight, higher spike productivity, and earlier heading and flowering, which makes ScGrf3-2R a perspective compensator for negative effects of Ddw1 on these traits and increases prospects for its involvement in breeding semi-dwarf cultivars of triticale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikhail S. Bazhenov
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Yu. Kroupin
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey S. Ermolaev
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Milena Vukovic
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey M. Avdeev
- Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian University, 127434 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady I. Karlov
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail G. Divashuk
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
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Divashuk M, Chernook A, Kroupina A, Vukovic M, Karlov G, Ermolaev A, Shirnin S, Avdeev S, Igonin V, Pylnev V, Kroupin P. TaGRF3-2A Improves Some Agronomically Valuable Traits in Semi-Dwarf Spring Triticale. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2012. [PMID: 34685820 PMCID: PMC8537337 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The breeding improvement of triticale is tightly associated with the introgression of dwarfing genes, in particular, gibberellin (GA)-insensitive Ddw1 from rye. Despite the increase in harvest index and resistance to lodging, this gene adversely affects grain weight and size. Growth regulation factor (GRF) genes are plant-specific transcription factors that play an important role in plant growth, including GA-induced stem elongation. This study presents the results of a two-year field experiment to assess the effect of alleles of the TaGRF3-2A gene in interaction with DDW1 on economically valuable traits of spring triticale plants grown in the Non-Chernozem zone. Our results show that, depending on the allelic state, the TaGRF3-2A gene in semi-dwarf spring triticale plants influences the thousand grain weight and the grain weight of the main spike in spring triticale, which makes it possible to use it to compensate for the negative effects of the dwarfing allele Ddw1. The identified allelic variants of the TaGRF3-2A gene can be included in marker-assisted breeding for triticale to improve traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Divashuk
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street, 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (A.K.); (M.V.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (S.S.); (V.I.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Street, 49, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.); (V.P.)
| | - Anastasiya Chernook
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street, 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (A.K.); (M.V.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (S.S.); (V.I.); (P.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Kroupina
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street, 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (A.K.); (M.V.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (S.S.); (V.I.); (P.K.)
| | - Milena Vukovic
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street, 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (A.K.); (M.V.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (S.S.); (V.I.); (P.K.)
| | - Gennady Karlov
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street, 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (A.K.); (M.V.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (S.S.); (V.I.); (P.K.)
| | - Aleksey Ermolaev
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street, 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (A.K.); (M.V.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (S.S.); (V.I.); (P.K.)
| | - Sergey Shirnin
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street, 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (A.K.); (M.V.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (S.S.); (V.I.); (P.K.)
| | - Sergey Avdeev
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Street, 49, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.); (V.P.)
| | - Vladimir Igonin
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street, 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (A.K.); (M.V.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (S.S.); (V.I.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Street, 49, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.); (V.P.)
| | - Vladimir Pylnev
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Street, 49, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.); (V.P.)
| | - Pavel Kroupin
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street, 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (A.K.); (M.V.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (S.S.); (V.I.); (P.K.)
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Trini J, Maurer HP, Neuweiler JE, Würschum T. Identification and Fine-Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Plant Height in Central European Winter Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1592. [PMID: 34451637 PMCID: PMC8400435 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The quantitatively inherited trait plant height is routinely evaluated in triticale breeding programs as it substantially influences lodging and disease susceptibility, is a main contributor to biomass yield, and is required to improve hybrid seed production by fine-tuning plant height in the female and male parental pools in hybrid breeding programs. In this study, we evaluated a panel of 846 diverse Central European triticale genotypes to dissect the genetic architecture underlying plant height by genome-wide association mapping. This revealed three medium- to large-effect QTL on chromosomes 5A, 4B, and 5R. Genetic and physical fine-mapping of the putative QTL revealed that the QTL on chromosome 5R most likely corresponds to Ddw1 and that the QTL on chromosome 5A is likely to be Rht12. Furthermore, we observed a temporal trend in registered cultivars with a decreasing plant height during the past decades, accompanied by an increasing use of the height-reducing alleles at the identified QTL. In summary, our results shed new light on the genetic control of plant height in triticale and open new avenues for future improvement by breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Trini
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (J.T.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Hans Peter Maurer
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (J.T.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Jan Eric Neuweiler
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (J.T.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Tobias Würschum
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
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Chernook AG, Kroupin PY, Bespalova LA, Panchenko VV, Kovtunenko VY, Bazhenov MS, Nazarova LA, Karlov GI, Kroupina AY, Divashuk MG. Phenotypic effects of the dwarfing gene Rht-17 in spring durum wheat under two climatic conditions. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2019. [DOI: 10.18699/vj19.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alleles of the genes, conferring a dwarfing phenotype, play a crucial role in wheat breeding, as they not only reduce plant height, ensuring their resistance to lodging, but also have a number of positive and negative pleiotropic effects on plant productivity. Durum wheat carries only two subgenomes (A and B), which limits the use of the D-subgenome genes and requires the expansion of the arsenal of dwarfing alleles and the study of their effects on height and agronomically important traits. We studied the effect of the gibberellin-insensitive allele Rht-B1p in the B2F2:3 families, developed by crossing Chris Mutant /#517//LD222 in a field experiment in Moscow and Krasnodar. In our experiments, plants homozygous for Rht-B1p were shorter than those homozygous for the wild-type allele Rht-B1a by 36.3 cm (40 %) in Moscow and 49.5 cm (48 %) in Krasnodar. In the field experiment in Krasnodar, each plant with Rht-B1p had one less internode than any plant with Rht-B1a, which additionally contributed to the decrease in plant height. Grain weight per main spike was lower in plants with Rht-B1p than in plants with Rht-B1a by 12 % in Moscow and by 23 % in Krasnodar due to a decrease in 1000 grain weight in both regions of the field experiment. The number of grains per main spike in plants with Rht-B1p was higher in comparison to that with Rht-B1a by 6.5 % in Moscow due to an increase in spikelet number per main spike and by 11 % in Krasnodar due to an increase in grain number per spikelet. The onset of heading in plants with Rht-B1p in comparison with the plants with the wild-type allele Rht-B1a was 7 days later in Krasnodar. The possibility and prospects for the use of Rht-B1p in the breeding of durum wheat are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Chernook
- All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Crop Breeding; Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Centre for Molecular Biotechnology
| | - P. Yu. Kroupin
- All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Crop Breeding; Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Centre for Molecular Biotechnology
| | | | | | | | - M. S. Bazhenov
- All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Crop Breeding; Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Centre for Molecular Biotechnology
| | - L. A. Nazarova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Crop Breeding
| | - G. I. Karlov
- All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Crop Breeding; Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Centre for Molecular Biotechnology
| | - A. Yu. Kroupina
- All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Crop Breeding
| | - M. G. Divashuk
- All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Crop Breeding; Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Centre for Molecular Biotechnology
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