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Hong J, Lee TK, Kim IH, Lee S, Jeon BJ, Lee J, Won MH, Kim S. Anti-stress effects of Fameyes in in vitro and in vivo models of stresses. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:39. [PMID: 36471422 PMCID: PMC9724292 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00149-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fameyes (a mixture of Clematis mandshurica Rupr. extract (CMRE) and Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. extract (EAPE)) containing scutellarin and chlorogenic acid as major components has been reported to relieve mental stress in human subjects, which is reflected in improved scores in psychometric tests measuring levels of depression, anxiety, well-being, and mental fitness. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-stress activity of Fameyes and to investigate the mechanisms of the anti-stress activity using in vitro and in vivo models of stresses. RESULTS First, we tested the effect of Fameyes on corticosterone-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells (human neurofibroma cell lines). Corticosterone induced apoptosis and decreased cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, but treatment with Fameyes inhibited these cytotoxic effects in a dose-dependent manner. However, CMRE and EAPE (components of Fameyes) did not inhibit the cytotoxic effect of corticosterone individually. Next, we tested the effects of Fameyes on rats that were exposed to different kinds of stresses for four weeks. When the stressed rats were treated with Fameyes, their immobility time in forced swim and tail suspension tests decreased. A reduction was also observed in the serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone. Furthermore, upon oral administration of Fameyes, serum serotonin levels increased. These in vitro and in vivo results support the anti-stress effects of Fameyes. CONCLUSIONS In vitro experiments showed anti-stress effects of Fameyes in cell viability, apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, in vivo experiments using rats showed anti-stress effects of Fameyes in blood and tissue levels of ACTH, corticosterone, and serotonin, as well as the immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tests. However, we did not specifically investigate which ingredient or ingredients showed anti-stress effects, although we reported that Fameyes contained chlorogenic acid and scutellarin major ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkee Hong
- Precision Medicine R&D Center, Famenity Co., Ltd., Uiwang, Gyeonggi 16006 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252 Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Precision Medicine R&D Center, Famenity Co., Ltd., Uiwang, Gyeonggi 16006 Republic of Korea
| | - Seungah Lee
- R&D Center, Naturesense INC., Ltd., Uiwang, Gyeonggi 16006 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ju Jeon
- R&D Center, Naturesense INC., Ltd., Uiwang, Gyeonggi 16006 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Precision Medicine R&D Center, Famenity Co., Ltd., Uiwang, Gyeonggi 16006 Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Kim
- Precision Medicine R&D Center, Famenity Co., Ltd., Uiwang, Gyeonggi 16006 Republic of Korea
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Cui Y, Yang L, Ding Y, Sun Y, Wang J, Xi Y, Han M, Yang L, Han Z, Wang Y. Complete chloroplast genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Clematis mandshurica (Ranunculaceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2022; 7:822-824. [PMID: 35573590 PMCID: PMC9103393 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2022.2073839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Clematis mandshurica Ruprecht (1867), a specie of the Ranunculaceae family, and its phylogenetic relationships with other species have been reported in this study. The complete chloroplast genome of C. mandshurica is 159,563 bp in length, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 79,360 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,121 bp, and a pair of identical inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 31,041 bp. The genome encodes a total of 132 genes, including 90 protein-coding genes, 34 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The phylogenetic analysis reveals that C. mandshurica was found to be closest to Clematis taeguensis. The complete chloroplast genome of C. mandshurica contributes to a better understanding of phylogenetic relationships among Clematis species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cui
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of JLP-MOST for Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, Changchun, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- College of Life Science, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanzhe Ding
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of JLP-MOST for Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, Changchun, China
| | - Yingxin Sun
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of JLP-MOST for Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, Changchun, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of JLP-MOST for Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, Changchun, China
| | - Yunfei Xi
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of JLP-MOST for Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, Changchun, China
| | - Mei Han
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of JLP-MOST for Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, Changchun, China
| | - Limin Yang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of JLP-MOST for Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongming Han
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of JLP-MOST for Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, Changchun, China
| | - Yunhe Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of JLP-MOST for Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, Changchun, China
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Zhang Q, Lu YY, Yang L, Tang HF. New triterpenoid saponins from the whole plants of Clematis heracleifolia. Fitoterapia 2022; 159:105179. [PMID: 35337886 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Three new triterpenoid saponins, heracleifolianosides A-C (1-3), together with seven known compounds (4-10), were isolated from the whole plants of Clematis heracleifolia. Moreover, three new secondary saponins (1a, 2a and 3a), two known secondary metabolites (5a and 7a) were obtained by alkaline hydrolysis. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidences. The cytotoxicity of eight native saponins and five prosapogenins against human breast tumor MDA-MB-231 and gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cell lines were evaluated by MTT method. Remarkably, the prosapogenin monodesmosidic saponin 7a showed significant cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 or SGC-7901 cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 6.05-6.32 μmol/L. It is suggested that it might be a feasible way to change the inactive bisdesmosic triterpenoid saponins to active monodesmosic saponins by a simple procedure of alkaline hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yun-Yang Lu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Hai-Feng Tang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
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Noh YH, Hong J, Lee JW, Kim SS, Kang IJ, Whang WK, Myung SC, Chung MH, Won MH. YES-10 Improves Stress, Tension, and Fatigue by Reducing Cortisol and IL-6 Levels. J Med Food 2022; 25:205-212. [PMID: 35148195 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extract of Clematis mandshurica Rupr. (CMR) inhibits the production of proinflammatory mediators from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophages and concanavalin A-stimulated splenocytes. Erigeron annuus Pers. (EAP) extract suppresses the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from preadipocytes. Furthermore, the mixture of the leaf extracts of CMR and EAP, YES-10®, protected against nerve injuries induced by ischemia/reperfusion, suggesting a ROS-scavenging action. These observations show the anti-inflammatory action of YES-10. Inflammatory cytokines can cause alterations in mental function, including depression, by influencing the neurotransmitter system. Thus, it was hypothesized that YES-10 could improve mental health, such as depression, anxiety, and sense of well-being. Seventy-two subjects were recruited and randomly divided into YES-10 or placebo groups (n = 36 per group). Each group was daily administered two capsules orally, containing 200 mg of YES-10 or placebo, for 4 weeks in a double-blinded manner and tested for levels of depression, anxiety, well-being, and mental fitness using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Psychosocial Well-being Index (PWI), and Mental Fitness Scale (MFS). In addition, the levels of cortisol (a stress hormone), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (an inflammatory cytokine), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG; a marker of oxidative stress) in the serum were measured. The BDI, BAI, PWI, and MFS scores decreased significantly, and the serum levels of cortisol, IL-6, and 8-OHdG were lowered significantly (P < .05), suggesting that YES-10 has the ability to improve mental health by relieving stress and by decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Hun Noh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Neurology and College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junkee Hong
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, the Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Pharmacy (Medicine), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Famenity Co., Ltd., Uiwang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | | | - Il-Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Korea
| | - Wan Kyunn Whang
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, the Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Pharmacy (Medicine), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon-Chul Myung
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Korea
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Park YE, Noh Y, Kim DW, Lee TK, Ahn JH, Kim B, Lee JC, Park CW, Park JH, Kim JD, Kim YM, Kang IJ, Lee JW, Kim SS, Won MH. Experimental pretreatment with YES-10 ®, a plant extract rich in scutellarin and chlorogenic acid, protects hippocampal neurons from ischemia/reperfusion injury via antioxidant role. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:183. [PMID: 33488792 PMCID: PMC7812581 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erigeron annuus (L.) PERS. (EALP) and Clematis mandshurica RUPR. (CMR) have been used in traditional remedies due to their medicinal effects. Recently, we reported that pretreatment with 200 mg/kg of YES-10® (a combination of extracts from leaves of EALP and CMR) displayed neuroprotective effects against brain ischemia and reperfusion injury. The present study analyzed the major ingredients of YES-10® and investigated whether neuroprotection from YES-10® was dependent upon antioxidant effects in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) field in the gerbil hippocampus, after transient forebrain ischemia for 5 min. YES-10® was demonstrated to predominantly contain scutellarin and chlorogenic acid. Pretreatment with YES-10® significantly increased protein levels and the immunoreactivity of copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and manganese-superoxide dismutase (SOD2) was in the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA1 field when these were examined prior to transient ischemia induction. The increased SODs in CA1 pyramidal neurons following YES-10® treatment were maintained after ischemic injury. In this case, the CA1 pyramidal neurons were protected from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Oxidative stress was significantly attenuated in the CA1 pyramidal neurons, and this was determined by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal immunohistochemistry and dihydroethidium histofluorescence staining. Taken together, the results indicated that YES-10® significantly attenuated transient ischemia-induced oxidative stress and may be utilized for developing a protective agent against ischemic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eun Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoohun Noh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Neurology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.,Famenity Co., Ltd., Uiwang, Gyeonggi 16006, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Youngsan University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50510, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Dai Kim
- Division of Food Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Famenity Co., Ltd., Uiwang, Gyeonggi 16006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Su Kim
- Famenity Co., Ltd., Uiwang, Gyeonggi 16006, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Experimental Pretreatment with Chlorogenic Acid Prevents Transient Ischemia-Induced Cognitive Decline and Neuronal Damage in the Hippocampus through Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163578. [PMID: 32781658 PMCID: PMC7463954 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA), an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, is among the phenolic acid compounds which can be naturally found in green coffee extract and tea. CGA has been studied since it displays significant pharmacological properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CGA on cognitive function and neuroprotection including its mechanisms in the hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. Memory and learning following the ischemia was investigated by eight-arm radial maze and passive avoidance tests. Neuroprotection was examined by immunohistochemistry for neuronal nuclei-specific protein and Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence staining. For mechanisms of the neuroprotection, alterations in copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), SOD2 as antioxidant enzymes, dihydroethidium and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal as indicators for oxidative stress, and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-2) were examined by Western blotting and/or immunohistochemistry. As a result, pretreatment with 30 mg/kg CGA attenuated cognitive impairment and displayed a neuroprotective effect against transient forebrain ischemia (TFI). In Western blotting, the expression levels of SOD2 and IL-4 were increased due to pretreatment with CGA and, furthermore, 4-HNE production and IL-4 expressions were inhibited by CGA pretreatment. Additionally, pretreated CGA enhanced antioxidant enzymes and anti-inflammatory cytokines and, in contrast, attenuated oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Based on these results, we suggest that CGA can be a useful neuroprotective material against ischemia-reperfusion injury due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacies.
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