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Sanwal SK, Kesh H, Kumar A, Dubey BK, Khar A, Rouphael Y, Kumar P. Salt Tolerance Potential in Onion: Confirmation through Physiological and Biochemical Traits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3325. [PMID: 36501363 PMCID: PMC9739851 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Production of many crops, including onion, under salinity is lagging due to limited information on the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants. Hence, the present study was conducted to identify salt-tolerant onion genotypes based on physiological and biochemical mechanisms associated with their differential responses. Thirty-six accessions were evaluated under control and salt stress conditions, and based on growth and bulb yield. Results revealed that plant height (6.07%), number of leaves per plant (3.07%), bulb diameter (11.38%), bulb yield per plant (31.24%), and total soluble solids (8.34%) were reduced significantly compared to control. Based on percent bulb yield reduction, seven varieties were classified as salt tolerant (with <20% yield reduction), seven as salt-sensitive (with >40% yield reduction) and the remaining as moderately tolerant (with 20 to 40% yield reduction). Finally, seven salt-tolerant and seven salt-sensitive accessions were selected for detailed study of their physiological and biochemical traits and their differential responses under salinity. High relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), proline content (PRO), and better antioxidants such as super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were observed in tolerant accessions, viz. POS35, NHRDF Red (L-28), GWO 1, POS36, NHRDF Red-4 (L-744), POS37, and POS38. Conversely, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, reduced activity of antioxidants, more membrane injury, and high Na+/K+ ratio were observed in sensitive accessions, viz. ALR, GJWO 3, Kalyanpur Red Round, NHRDF Red-3 (L-652), Agrifound White, and NHRDF (L-920). Stepwise regression analysis identified bulb diameter), plant height, APX, stomatal conductance (gS), POX, CAT, MDA, MSI, and bulb Na+/K+ ratio as predictor traits accounting for maximum variation in bulb yield under salinity. The identified seven salt-tolerant varieties can be used in future onion breeding programs for developing tolerant genotypes for salt-prone areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hari Kesh
- ICAR—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- ICAR—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Bhanu Kumar Dubey
- National Horticultural Research and Development Foundation, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Anil Khar
- ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- ICAR—Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342003, India
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Venâncio JB, Dias NDS, de Medeiros JF, de Morais PLD, do Nascimento CWA, de Sousa Neto ON, de Andrade LM, Pereira KTO, Peixoto TDC, Rocha JLA, Ferreira Neto M, Sá FVDS. Effect of Salinity and Silicon Doses on Onion Post-Harvest Quality and Shelf Life. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2788. [PMID: 36297810 PMCID: PMC9607372 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress during pre-harvest limits the shelf life and post-harvest quality of produce; however, silicon nutrition can mitigate salt stress in plants. Thus, we evaluated the effects of salinity and fertilization with Si, in pre-harvest, on the morpho-physiological characteristics of onion bulbs during shelf life. The experiment was set up in randomized complete blocks, with treatments arranged in split-split plots. The plots had four levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.65, 1.7, 2.8, and 4.1 dS m-1). The subplots had five fertilization levels with Si (0, 41.6, 83.2, 124.8, and 166.4 kg ha-1). The sub-sub plots had four shelf times (0, 20, 40, and 60 days after harvest). Irrigation water salinity and shelf time reduced firmness and increased the mass loss of onion bulbs during shelf life. Salt stress reduced the contents of sugars and total soluble solids of onion bulbs during storage; however, Si supply improved the contents of these variables. Salinity, Si supply, and shelf time increased the concentrations of pyruvic and ascorbic acids in onion bulbs during shelf life. Si doses between 121.8 and 127.0 kg ha-1 attenuated the impacts caused by moderate salinity, increasing the synthesis of metabolites and prolonging the onion bulbs' shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nildo da Silva Dias
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciara Maria de Andrade
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Ferreira Neto
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
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Delvento C, Pavan S, Miazzi MM, Marcotrigiano AR, Ricciardi F, Ricciardi L, Lotti C. Genotyping-by-Sequencing Defines Genetic Structure within the “Acquaviva” Red Onion Landrace. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182388. [PMID: 36145789 PMCID: PMC9502971 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetic structure and distinctive features of landraces, such as adaptability to local agro-ecosystems and specific qualitative profiles, can be substantially altered by the massive introduction of allochthonous germplasm. The landrace known as “Cipolla rossa di Acquaviva” (Acquaviva red onion, further referred to as ARO) is traditionally cultivated and propagated in a small area of the Apulia region (southern Italy). However, the recent rise of its market value and cultivation area is possibly causing genetic contamination with foreign propagating material. In this work, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) was used to characterize genetic variation of seven onion populations commercialized as ARO, as well as one population of the landrace “Montoro” (M), which is phenotypically similar, but originates from another cultivation area and displays different qualitative features. A panel of 5011 SNP markers was used to perform parametric and non-parametric genetic structure analyses, which supported the hypothesis of genetic contamination of germplasm commercialized as ARO with a gene pool including the M landrace. Four ARO populations formed a core genetic group, homogeneous and clearly distinct from the other ARO and M populations. Conversely, the remaining three ARO populations did not display significant differences with the M population. A set of private alleles for the ARO core genetic group was identified, indicating the possibility to trace the ARO landrace by means of a SNP-based molecular barcode. Overall, the results of this study provide a framework for further breeding activities and the traceability of the ARO landrace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Delvento
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Section of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Pavan
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Section of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Monica Marilena Miazzi
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Section of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Raffaele Marcotrigiano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Section of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Ricciardi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Ricciardi
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Section of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Concetta Lotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (C.L.)
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Tabussam N, Rana RM, Wattoo FM, Khan AI, Amir RM, Javed T, Ahmar S, Dessoky ES, Abdelsalam NR. Single nucleotide polymorphism based assessment of genetic diversity in local and exotic onion genotypes. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5511-5520. [PMID: 35484441 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07431-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Onion is an economically important vegetable cultivated worldwide on a large scale. Liberal exchange of germplasm and frequent selection caused narrow genetic diversity in most crops, including onion. Thus, it is essential to estimate and understand genetic diversity before launching of any breeding program. The current study was conducted to explore genetic diversity among 39 short-day onion genotypes (indigenous and exotic). METHODS AND RESULTS All the genotypes were evaluated for various phenotypic traits by using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping based on KASPar assays. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the variability among genotypes. The four principal components with eigenvalue greater than 1 accounted for 67.5656% variability for quantitative traits, whereas first five principal components with eigenvalue greater than 0.7 accounted for 86.24% variation among the genotypes for qualitative traits. The principal component analysis identified diverse traits including bulb weight, bulb diameter, plant height, number of survived plants and vitamin C. These traits were further analyzed through ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) following augmented block design to describe genotypic variability for selected traits. Onion genotypes showed significant variation for bulb weight, bulb diameter and Vitamin C. Genotypic clustering based on PCA showed that 15 indigenous genotypes were clustered with exotic genotypes (14) while remaining indigenous genotypes (10) were distant. A total of 30 SNPs were used for assessment of genetic diversity out of these, 24 SNPs were detected with polymorphic loci (0.8%, heterozygosity), while only six markers were with monomorphic sites (0.2% heterozygosity). Subsequently, population structure analysis revealed three different populations indicating significant variability. CONCLUSION Conclusively, a significant similarity between exotic and a group of indigenous genotypes indicates direct adoption of exotic genotypes or their sister lines. A further broadening of the genetic base is required and could be done by crossing distant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najma Tabussam
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Mehmood Rana
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Fahad Masoud Wattoo
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Azeem Iqbal Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rai Muhammad Amir
- Institute of Food &, Nutritional Sciences PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Eldessoky S Dessoky
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nader R Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
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Shokrgozar SMT, Khodadadi M, Abdossi V, Nia VZ, Far RH. Evaluation of qualitative traits in modified Iranian Red Rey onion and comparison genetic resistance with primary mass selection and Red Azar-shahr cv to Fusarium oxysporum using laboratory and molecular markers. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6797-6803. [PMID: 34480686 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) is grown on all continents except Antarctica, and is prized by essentially all of the world's cultures for its flavor and health-enhancing attributes. Onion breeders focus primarily on bulb characteristics such as color, shape, soluble-solids content, pungency and flavor, storage ability, and health-enhancing attributes, as well as plant characters such as resistances to diseases. The use of breeding approaches, offers great promise for population improvement and hybrid development addressing changes in consumer preference and production environments. The aim of this study is to evaluate the storage and qualitative feature of modified Red Rey Iranian Onion. METHOD Firstly, the modified population was obtained by the selection of superior bulbs, cultivation, its self-pollination and consequently the identification of the best families and implement open pollination between them. In next level, the Red Rey Iranian modified with basic population and Red Azar-shahr cultivar (comparative) was crossed. RESULTS Our results showed that the selection procedure has leading to improvement in variety of traits in population. Also, the modified Red Rey is significantly superior to the base mass in qualitative traits such as: bulb stiffness, bulb dry matter, TSS, total sugar and glucose; So that the percentage of dry bulb content increased from 10.4% in the basal mass to 11.1% in the modified Red Rey; while spouring and rotting, minerals, and dry matter, vitamin C and fructose-reducing sugar was not affected by genotype. In the second step, resistances to Fusarium wilt disease (laboratory and molecular markers) were evaluated. Based on the results of phenotypic evaluation, the modified Red Rey had the lowest rate and level of infection and the highest score. According to the results of genotypic evaluation, there is a very high genetic affinity between resistant and susceptible cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Khodadadi
- Vegetable Research Centre, HSRI, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Abdossi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahid Zarrin Nia
- Department of Plant Protection, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Hajiyan Far
- Vegetable Research Centre, HSRI, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
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The Beneficial Health Effects of Vegetables and Wild Edible Greens: The Case of the Mediterranean Diet and Its Sustainability. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10249144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) concept as currently known describes the dietary patterns that were followed in specific regions of the area in the 1950s and 1960s. The broad recognition of its positive effects on the longevity of Mediterranean populations also led to the adoption of this diet in other regions of the world, and scientific interest focused on revealing its health effects. MD is not only linked with eating specific nutritional food products but also with social, religious, environmental, and cultural aspects, thus representing a healthy lifestyle in general. However, modern lifestyles adhere to less healthy diets, alienating people from their heritage. Therefore, considering the increasing evidence of the beneficial health effects of adherence to the MD and the ongoing transitions in consumers’ behavior, the present review focuses on updating the scientific knowledge regarding this diet and its relevance to agrobiodiversity. In addition, it also considers a sustainable approach for new marketing opportunities and consumer trends of the MD.
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