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Hamad HS, Bleih EM, Gewaily EE, Abou Elataa AE, El Sherbiny HA, Abdelhameid NM, Rehan M. Cyanobacteria Application Ameliorates Floral Traits and Outcrossing Rate in Diverse Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11243411. [PMID: 36559523 PMCID: PMC9781212 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In rice, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) represents an irreplaceable strategy for producing high-yielding hybrid rice based on the commercial exploitation of heterosis. Thereupon, enhancing floral traits and outcrossing rates in CMS lines increase hybrid seed production and ensure global food security. The exogenous application of cyanobacteria could enhance outcrossing rates in CMS lines and, accordingly, hybrid rice seed production. In the present study, we aimed at exploring the impact of cyanobacteria implementation such as Anabaena oryzae, Nostoc muscorum, and their mixture to promote the floral traits, outcrossing rates, and seed production in hybrid rice. The impact of cyanobacteria (Anabaena Oryza (T2), Nostoc muscorum (T3), and their combination (T4) versus the untreated control (T1) was investigated for two years on the growth, floral, and yield traits of five diverse CMS lines, namely IR69625A (L1), IR58025A (L2), IR70368A (L3), G46A (L4), and K17A(L5). The evaluated CMS lines exhibited significant differences in all measured floral traits (days to heading (DTH), total stigma length (TSL), stigma width (SW), duration of spikelet opening (DSO), spikelet opening angle (SOA)). Additionally, L4 displayed the uppermost total stigma length and stigma width, whereas L1 and L5 recorded the best duration of spikelet opening and spikelet opening angle. Notably, these mentioned CMS lines exhibited the highest plant growth and yield traits, particularly under T4 treatment. Strong positive relationships were distinguished between the duration of the spikelet opening, panicle exertion, panicle weight, seed set, grain yield, total stigma length, spikelet opening angle, stigma width, and number of fertile panicles per hill. Cyanobacteria is a potential promising tool to increase floral traits and seed production in hybrid rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sh. Hamad
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Bleih
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt
| | - Elsayed E. Gewaily
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Abou Elataa
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt
| | - Heba A. El Sherbiny
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Abdelhameid
- Soil Fertility and Microbiology Department, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo 11753, Egypt
| | - Medhat Rehan
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
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ElShamey EAZ, Hamad HS, Alshallash KS, Alghuthaymi MA, Ghazy MI, Sakran RM, Selim ME, ElSayed MAA, Abdelmegeed TM, Okasha SA, Behiry SI, Boudiar R, Mansour E. Growth Regulators Improve Outcrossing Rate of Diverse Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines through Affecting Floral Traits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1291. [PMID: 35631716 PMCID: PMC9148114 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) provides an irreplaceable strategy for commercial exploitation of heterosis and producing high-yielding hybrid rice. The exogenous application of plant growth regulators could improve outcrossing rates of the CMS lines by affecting floral traits and accordingly increase hybrid rice seed production. The present study aimed at exploring the impact of growth regulators such as gibberellic acid (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on promoting floral traits and outcrossing rates in diverse rice CMS lines and improving hybrid rice seed production. The impact of foliar applications of growth regulators comprising GA3 at 300 g/ha or GA3 at 150 g/ha + IAA at 50 g/ha + NAA at 200 g/ha versus untreated control was investigated on floral, growth, and yield traits of five diverse CMS lines. The exogenously sprayed growth regulators, in particular, the combination of GA3, IAA, and NAA (T3) boosted all studied floral, growth, and yield traits in all tested CMS lines. Moreover, the evaluated CMS lines exhibited significant differences in all measured floral traits. L2, L3, and L1 displayed the uppermost spikelet opening angle, duration of spikelet opening, total stigma length, style length, stigma brush, and stigma width. In addition, these CMS lines exhibited the highest plant growth and yield traits, particularly under T3. Consequently, exogenous application of GA3, IAA, and NAA could be exploited to improve the floral, growth, and yield traits of promising CMS lines such as L2, L3, and L1, hence increasing outcrossing rates and hybrid rice seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam A. Z. ElShamey
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt; (E.A.Z.E.); (H.S.H.); (M.I.G.); (R.M.S.); (M.E.S.); (M.A.A.E.); (T.M.A.)
| | - Hassan Sh. Hamad
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt; (E.A.Z.E.); (H.S.H.); (M.I.G.); (R.M.S.); (M.E.S.); (M.A.A.E.); (T.M.A.)
| | - Khalid S. Alshallash
- College of Science and Humanities-Huraymila, Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa A. Alghuthaymi
- Biology Department, Science and Humanities College, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah 11726, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed I. Ghazy
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt; (E.A.Z.E.); (H.S.H.); (M.I.G.); (R.M.S.); (M.E.S.); (M.A.A.E.); (T.M.A.)
| | - Raghda M. Sakran
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt; (E.A.Z.E.); (H.S.H.); (M.I.G.); (R.M.S.); (M.E.S.); (M.A.A.E.); (T.M.A.)
| | - Mahmoud E. Selim
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt; (E.A.Z.E.); (H.S.H.); (M.I.G.); (R.M.S.); (M.E.S.); (M.A.A.E.); (T.M.A.)
| | - Mahmoud A. A. ElSayed
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt; (E.A.Z.E.); (H.S.H.); (M.I.G.); (R.M.S.); (M.E.S.); (M.A.A.E.); (T.M.A.)
| | - Taher M. Abdelmegeed
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt; (E.A.Z.E.); (H.S.H.); (M.I.G.); (R.M.S.); (M.E.S.); (M.A.A.E.); (T.M.A.)
| | - Salah A. Okasha
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Said I. Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt;
| | - Ridha Boudiar
- Division of Biotechnology & Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center (CRBt), UV 03, P.O. Box E73, Nouvelle Ville Ali Mendjli, Constantine 25016, Algeria;
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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