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Kantasrila R, Pandith H, Balslev H, Wangpakapattanawong P, Panyadee P, Inta A. Ethnobotany and phytochemistry of plants used to treat musculoskeletal disorders among Skaw Karen, Thailand. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:62-104. [PMID: 38131672 PMCID: PMC10763916 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2292261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Musculoskeletal system disorders (MSD) are prevalent around the world affecting the health of people, especially farmers who work hard in the field. Karen farmers use many medicinal plants to treat MSD. OBJECTIVE This study collects traditional plant-based remedies used by the Skaw Karen to treat MSD and evaluates their active phytochemical compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethnobotanical study was conducted in six Karen villages in Chiang Mai province using semi-structured interviews were of 120 informants. The data were analyzed using ethnobotanical indices including use values (UV), choice value (CV), and informant consensus factor (ICF). Consequently, the 20 most important species, according to the indices, were selected for phytochemical analysis using LC-MS/MS. RESULTS A total of 3731 use reports were obtained for 139 species used in MSD treatment. The most common ailments treated with those plants were muscular pain. A total of 172 high-potential active compounds for MSD treatment were identified. Most of them were flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and steroids. The prevalent phytochemical compounds related to treat MSD were 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone, dihydrovaltrate, morroniside, isoacteoside, lithocholic acid, pomiferin, cucurbitacin E, leonuriside A, liriodendrin, and physalin E. Sambucus javanica Reinw. ex Blume (Adoxaceae), Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don (Betulaceae), Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. (Asteraceae), Plantago major L. (Plantaginaceae) and Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch. (Salicaceae) all had high ethnobotanical index values and many active compounds. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable information, demonstrating low-cost medicine plants that are locally available. It is a choice of treatment for people living in remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapeeporn Kantasrila
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- The Botanical Garden Organization, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Henrik Balslev
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Prateep Panyadee
- The Botanical Garden Organization, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Angkhana Inta
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
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Workie Limenh L, Emagn Kasahun A, Ayalew Tessema T, Kerie Anagaw Y, Simegn W, Ayenew W. Assessment of traditional healers' knowledge and utilization of pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies in the Amhara region, North West Ethiopia. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:261-268. [PMID: 38389287 PMCID: PMC10896146 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2318795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies play a vital role in the quality of traditional medicines, they have not received much attention from stakeholders and researchers nationally and internationally. OBJECTIVE This study assesses traditional healers' knowledge and utilization of pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies in the Amhara region, North West Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 traditional healers. The data were collected using an interview-based questionnaire. The collected data were checked and entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 for analysis. The results were presented as percentages. The association between socio-demographic characteristics and traditional healers' knowledge of pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies was examined using Pearson's Chi-squares test. RESULTS About 90% of traditional healers had information about pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies, and currently 80% of them used different pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies individually and in combination with traditional equipment. Although most traditional healers used different pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies, only 13.3% of them used equipment and supplies a day. Only 15% of traditional healers continuously cleaned their equipment. None of the socio-demographic variables were significantly associated to the knowledge of pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies used by traditional healers was inconsistent, mainly associated with their habit of using self-prepared and home-available equipment. Moreover, the checkup status of compounding equipment was poor. As Traditional healers provide high-patient care services, emphasis should be given to improving their preparation and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liknaw Workie Limenh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asmamaw Emagn Kasahun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Ayalew Tessema
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yeniewa Kerie Anagaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wudneh Simegn
- Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wondim Ayenew
- Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Maiyo ZC, Njeru SN, Toroitich FJ, Indieka SA, Obonyo MA. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the people of Mosop, Nandi County in Kenya. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1328903. [PMID: 38313073 PMCID: PMC10834697 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1328903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Throughout the history, nature has provided mankind with most of their basic needs, which include food, shelter, medicine, clothes, flavours, scents as well as raw materials. Given that they are an integral part of cultural heritage, medicinal plants have played a significant role in human healthcare systems around the world. Investigating various biological resources for use as medicines requires ethnomedicinal studies. Methods: Data on utilization of ethnomedicinal plants from local healers in Kenya's Mosop Sub-County in Nandi County was documented through open-ended, semi-structured questionnaires. A number of quantitative indices, such as the Use Citation (UC), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), Use Value (UV), Frequency of Citation (FoC) and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) were used to convey the potential medical benefits, vitality and variety of the ethnomedicine. Results: 102 informants provided information on 253 ethnomedicinal plant species, classified into 74 families. There were 249 native plant species identified, along with few exotic species: Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton, Persea americana Mill, Carica papaya L. and Solanum betaceum Cav. Of all recorded species, 32% and 27% were herbs and trees, respectively. Among plant parts, leaves were most frequently utilized (27%) and roots (26%), while decoctions (21%) were the most widely used formulations. The dominant family was Asteraceae, with 28 species, followed by Lamiaceae, with 19 species. The highest ICF value was 0.778 for a number of parasitic and infectious illnesses, including ringworms, athlete's foot rot, tetanus, typhoid, intestinal parasites, abscesses, malaria, and amoebiasis. The study's data validates the region's widespread use of traditional medicinal plant remedies. Conclusion: The current study will lay a foundation of knowledge for future research investigations. The abundance of knowledge regarding ethnomedicinal species and their medicinal applications will stimulate further phytochemical and pharmacological research, which could lead to the discovery of potentially significant pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z C Maiyo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Njoro, Kenya
| | - S N Njeru
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research (CTMDR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - F J Toroitich
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton University, Njoro, Kenya
| | - S A Indieka
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Njoro, Kenya
| | - M A Obonyo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Njoro, Kenya
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Karki D, Khadka D, Kunwar RM, Aryal PC, Paudel HR, Bhatta S, Shi S. Ethnomedicinal plants in Champadevi rural municipality, Okhaldhunga district, Nepal. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2023; 19:58. [PMID: 38072922 PMCID: PMC10712033 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Okhaldhunga is a hilly district with fragile socioeconomic conditions, limited access to health care, social stigma, and poor resource management, where most people rely on medicinal plants for primary health care. The use of medicinal plants for primary health care varies with socioeconomic attributes. Following the intra-cultural analysis, we documented and tested the hypothesis that use of medicinal plants in Champadevi, Okhaldhunga, Nepal, depends on socioeconomic variables. METHODS We interviewed 224 respondents, 53.12% female and 46.88% male, including 31 Brahmin, 157 Chhetri, 13 Dalit, and 23 Janajati, and conducted three focused group discussions and seven key informant interviews to record the ethnomedicinal plants used in Champadevi rural municipality, Okhaldhunga District. The relative frequency of citation (RFC) was computed to know the importance of the species. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to see the relationship between medicinal plants reported with the sociocultural variables, which include age, gender, occupation, education, ethnicity, and religion. RESULTS We documented 149 medicinal plants, including 69 herbs, 22 shrubs, nine climbers, 48 trees, and one parasitic plant, belonging to 68 families and 130 genera, and used to treat 48 distinct diseases and ailments. Plant parts, leaf, and digestive disorders were frequently treated during healing. Curcuma angustifolia was the most cited species with RFC 0.9554. The respondents' knowledge of medicinal plant use varied significantly with age (p = 0.0001) and occupation (p = 0.003). Changes in land use, population decline of medicinal plant species, and unsustainable harvesting practices constituted the local threats to medicinal plants and associated knowledge. Elders died without passing on their knowledge to the younger generations during sociocultural transformation, and youth disinterest coupled with the free availability of allopathic medicine led to knowledge erosion. CONCLUSIONS The use of medicinal plants in Champadevi, Okhaldhunga, was significantly depended on two socioeconomic variables age and occupation. Ethnomedicinal plants are essential in the primary healthcare system in Nepal; however, their availability and practices are declining. Thus, plans regulating land use change and human migration, acknowledging traditional healthcare practices, and raising awareness of the significance of traditional medical practices as complementary healthcare practices should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Karki
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- GoldenGate International College, Tribhuvan University, Battispuatali, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Dipak Khadka
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- GoldenGate International College, Tribhuvan University, Battispuatali, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Environment Protection and Study Center (ENPROSC), Baneshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Prakash Chandra Aryal
- GoldenGate International College, Tribhuvan University, Battispuatali, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Environment Protection and Study Center (ENPROSC), Baneshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Hem Raj Paudel
- National Herbarium and Plant Laboratories Godawari, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Sijar Bhatta
- GoldenGate International College, Tribhuvan University, Battispuatali, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Central Department of Environmental Science, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shi Shi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Evbuomwan IO, Stephen Adeyemi O, Oluba OM. Indigenous medicinal plants used in folk medicine for malaria treatment in Kwara State, Nigeria: an ethnobotanical study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:324. [PMID: 37716985 PMCID: PMC10504731 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folk medicine is crucial to healthcare delivery in the underdeveloped countries. It is frequently used as a primary treatment option or as a complementary therapy for malaria. Malaria is a deadly disease which greatly threatens global public health, claiming incredible number of lives yearly. The study was aimed at documenting the medicinal plants used for malaria treatment in folk medicine in Kwara State, Nigeria. METHODS Ethnobotanical information was collected from selected consenting registered traditional medicine practitioners (TMPs) through oral face-to-face interviews using in-depth, semi-structured interview guide. The ethnobotanical data were analysed, and descriptive statistical methods were used to compile them. RESULTS Sixty-two indigenous medicinal plants, including 13 new plants, used for malaria treatment were identified in this study. The TMPs preferred decoction in aqueous solvent (34%) and steeping in decaffeinated soft drink (19%) for herbal preparations. Oral administration (74%) was the main route of administration, while leaves (40%) and stem barks (32%) were the most dominant plant parts used in herbal preparations. The most cited families were Fabaceae (15%) and Rutaceae (6%), while Mangifera indica (77.14%), Enantia chlorantha (65.71%), Alstonia boonei (57.14%) followed by Cymbopogon citratus (54.29%) were the most used plants. Besides, the antimalarial activities of many of the plants recorded and their isolated phytocompounds have been demonstrated. Furthermore, the conservation status of 4 identified plants were Vulnerable. CONCLUSION The study showed strong ethnobotanical knowledge shared by the TMPs in the State and provides preliminary information that could be explored for the discovery of more potent antimalarial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikponmwosa Owen Evbuomwan
- SDG #03 Group - Good Health and Well-being, Landmark University, Ipetu Road, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria.
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Ipetu Road, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria.
- Department of Microbiology, Cellular Parasitology Unit, Landmark University, Ipetu Road, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria.
| | - Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi
- SDG #03 Group - Good Health and Well-being, Landmark University, Ipetu Road, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria.
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Ipetu Road, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria.
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-Onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan.
| | - Olarewaju Michael Oluba
- SDG #03 Group - Good Health and Well-being, Landmark University, Ipetu Road, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria.
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Ipetu Road, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria.
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Tiranakwit T, Puangpun W, Tamprasit K, Wichai N, Siriamornpun S, Srisongkram T, Weerapreeyakul N. Phytochemical Screening on Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents, and Antioxidant Activities of Six Indigenous Plants Used in Traditional Thai Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13425. [PMID: 37686230 PMCID: PMC10487580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant activity of a traditional Thai formula has been studied and compared to each plant. The formula comprised the roots of Caesalpinia digyna Rottler, Huberantha cerasoides (Roxb.) Benth), Oxyceros horridus Lour, Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaerth, Combretum quadrangulare Kurz, and Ziziphus cambodiana Pierre. The stem was also studied in comparison. The ethanolic extract from each plant part and the mixed plants mimicking the traditional formula were prepared and investigated for antioxidant capability in vitro via DPPH radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. The phytochemical constituents were determined by chemical screening, total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC), and high-performance liquid chromatography. The relationship between antioxidant activity and the contributed phytochemicals was determined using correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that extracts from both parts of the plant formula showed the highest antioxidant activity compared to a single plant extract. Among the six plants, C. digyna exhibited the highest TPC and antioxidant activity. TPC had a strong positive correlation with antioxidant activity. PCA revealed that gallic acid contributed to the antioxidant activity. In conclusion, the ethanolic extracts of the traditional formula and C. digyna have the potential for further chemical characterization and study related to antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanawuth Tiranakwit
- Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Wimonwan Puangpun
- Program of Doctor of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Kawintra Tamprasit
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (K.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Natthapong Wichai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand;
| | - Sirithon Siriamornpun
- Research Unit of Thai Food Innovation, Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand;
| | - Tarapong Srisongkram
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (K.T.); (T.S.)
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (K.T.); (T.S.)
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Inta A, Kampuansai J, Kutanan W, Srikummool M, Pongamornkul W, Srisanga P, Panyadee P. Women's wellness in the mountains: An exploration of medicinal plants among tibeto-burman groups in Thailand. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17722. [PMID: 37539171 PMCID: PMC10395137 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance This study offers valuable insight into the traditional healing practices of women's healthcare within four Tibeto-Burman groups. By focusing on women's wellness, the research sheds light on the often-neglected yet significant contributions made by women in the field of traditional medicine. Aims of the study The study seeks to address the gap of studies on the ethnobotany of women healthcare of the Tibeto-Burman groups in Thailand and to analyst the factors that could affect the diversity of ethnobotanical knowledge. Materials and methods The study compiled data from 15 group-informants residing in 12 different villages. The information gathering process involved a combination of free-listing, semi-structured interviews, group discussion, and the walk-to-the-wood method. To analyze the data, the researchers used various methods such as use-reports, Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Relative Importance Index (RI), and Cluster analysis. Results This study identified 200 plant species used in traditional women's healthcare practices, with leaves being the most frequently used part. Drinking was the most common method for internal use, while bathing and steam were the most emphasized for external use. Blumea balsamifera and Buddleja asiatica had high RI and RFC. Cluster analysis revealed that group-informants were divided by ethnicity and geographical location. Conclusion This study contributes to the understanding of traditional healthcare practices among Tibeto-Burman groups in Thailand, with a particular focus on women's wellness. The results provide insight into the ethnobotanical knowledge of these communities and highlight the important role played by women in traditional medicine. The study underscores the need for continued research in this field to preserve and utilize this valuable knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angkhana Inta
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jatupol Kampuansai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wibhu Kutanan
- Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Metawee Srikummool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wittaya Pongamornkul
- Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, The Botanical Garden Organization, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand
| | - Prachaya Srisanga
- Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, The Botanical Garden Organization, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand
| | - Prateep Panyadee
- Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, The Botanical Garden Organization, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand
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Khan M, Khan M, Al-hamoud K, Adil SF, Shaik MR, Alkhathlan HZ. Diversity of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad Seeds Extracts: Detailed Chemical Profiling and Evaluation of Their Medicinal Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:567. [PMID: 36771651 PMCID: PMC9919198 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seeds and fruits of Citrullus colocynthis have been reported to possess huge potential for the development of phytopharmaceuticals with a wide range of biological activities. Thus, in the current study, we are reporting the potential antimicrobial and anticancer properties of C. colocynthis seeds extracted with solvents of different polarities, including methanol (M.E.), hexane (H.E.), and chloroform (C.E.). Antimicrobial properties of C. colocynthis seeds extracts were evaluated on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, whereas, anticancer properties were tested on four different cell lines, including HepG2, DU145, Hela, and A549. All the extracts have demonstrated noteworthy antimicrobial activities with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.9-62.5 µg/mL against Klebsiella planticola and Staphylococcus aureus; meanwhile, they were found to be moderately active (MIC 62.5-250 µg/mL) against Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus strains. Hexane extracts have demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity against K. planticola with an MIC value of 0.9 µg/mL, equivalent to that of the standard drug ciprofloxacin used as positive control in this study. For anticancer activity, all the extracts of C. colocynthis seeds were found to be active against all the tested cell lines (IC50 48.49-197.96 µg/mL) except for the chloroform extracts, which were found to be inactive against the HepG2 cell line. The hexane extract was found to possess the most prominent anticancer activity when compared to other extracts and has demonstrated the highest anticancer activity against the DU145 cell line with an IC50 value of 48.49 µg/mL. Furthermore, a detailed phytoconstituents analysis of all the extracts of C. colocynthis seeds were performed using GC-MS and GC-FID techniques. Altogether, 43 phytoconstituents were identified from the extracts of C. colocynthis seeds, among which 21, 12, and 16 components were identified from the H.E., C.E., and M.E. extracts, respectively. Monoterpenes (40.4%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (41.1%) were the most dominating chemical class of compounds from the hexane and chloroform extracts, respectively; whereas, in the methanolic extract, oxygenated aliphatic hydrocarbons (77.2%) were found to be the most dominating chemical class of compounds. To the best of our knowledge, all the phytoconstituents identified in this study are being reported for the first time from the C. colocynthis.
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Antiplasmodial Properties of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Ten Herbal Traditional Recipes Used in Thailand against Plasmodium falciparum. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7120417. [PMID: 36548672 PMCID: PMC9786625 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7120417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial efficacy and toxicity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from traditional recipes used in Thailand. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of ten traditional recipes were tested for in vitro antiplasmodial activity (parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay), cytotoxicity (MTT assay), and hemolysis). Oxidant levels were measured using cell-permeable probe 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescent dye-based assays. The best candidate was chosen for testing in mouse models using 4-day suppressive and acute toxicity assays. An in vitro study showed that ethanolic extracts and three aqueous extracts exhibited antiplasmodial activity, with an IC50 in the range of 2.8-15.5 µg/mL. All extracts showed high CC50 values, except for ethanolic extracts from Benjakul, Benjalotiga, and Trikatuk in HepG2 and Benjalotiga and aqueous extract from Chan-tang-ha in a Vero cell. Based on the results of the in vitro antiplasmodial activity, an aqueous extract of Triphala was chosen for testing in mouse models. The aqueous extract of Triphala exhibited good antiplasmodial activity, was safe at an oral dose of 2 g/kg, and is a potential candidate as a new source for the development of antimalarial drugs.
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Jang WY, Kim DS, Park SH, Yoon JH, Shin CY, Huang L, Nang K, Kry M, Byun HW, Lee BH, Lee S, Lee J, Cho JY. Connarus semidecandrus Jack Exerts Anti-Alopecia Effects by Targeting 5α-Reductase Activity and an Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134086. [PMID: 35807332 PMCID: PMC9268327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing demand for hair loss treatments with minimal side effects and recurrence potential. Connarus semidecandrus Jack has been used as a folk medicine for fever in tropical regions, but its anti-alopecia effects remain unclear. In this study, the anti-androgenic alopecia effect of an ethanol extract of Connarus semidecandrus Jack (Cs-EE) was demonstrated in a testosterone-induced androgenic alopecia (AGA) model, in terms of the hair–skin ratio, hair type frequency, and hair thickness. The area of restored hair growth and thickened hair population after Cs-EE treatment showed the hair-growth-promoting effect of Cs-EE. Histological data support the possibility that Cs-EE could reduce hair loss and upregulate hair proliferation in mouse skin by shifting hair follicles from the catagen phase to the anagen phase. Western blotting indicated that Cs-EE reduced the expression of the androgenic receptor. Cs-EE treatment also inhibited programmed cell death by upregulating Bcl-2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels. The anti-alopecia effect of Cs-EE was confirmed by in vitro experiments showing that Cs-EE had suppressive effects on 5-α reductase activity and lymph node carcinoma of the prostate proliferation, and a proliferative effect on human hair-follicle dermal papilla (HDP) cells. Apoptotic pathways in HDP cells were downregulated by Cs-EE treatment. Thus, Cs-EE could be a potential treatment for AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Young Jang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (W.Y.J.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Dong Seon Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (W.Y.J.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.H.P.); (J.H.Y.); (C.Y.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Ji Hye Yoon
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.H.P.); (J.H.Y.); (C.Y.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Chae Yun Shin
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.H.P.); (J.H.Y.); (C.Y.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.H.P.); (J.H.Y.); (C.Y.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Ket Nang
- Forestry Administration, Phnom Penh 120206, Cambodia; (K.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Masphal Kry
- Forestry Administration, Phnom Penh 120206, Cambodia; (K.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Hye-Woo Byun
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea; (H.-W.B.); (B.-H.L.)
| | - Byoung-Hee Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea; (H.-W.B.); (B.-H.L.)
| | - Sarah Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea; (H.-W.B.); (B.-H.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (J.L.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.); +82-31-290-7861 (J.L.); +82-10-8602-7827 (S.L.)
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (W.Y.J.); (D.S.K.)
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.H.P.); (J.H.Y.); (C.Y.S.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (J.L.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.); +82-31-290-7861 (J.L.); +82-10-8602-7827 (S.L.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (W.Y.J.); (D.S.K.)
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.H.P.); (J.H.Y.); (C.Y.S.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (J.L.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.); +82-31-290-7861 (J.L.); +82-10-8602-7827 (S.L.)
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11
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Liu CX. Overview on development of ASEAN traditional and herbal medicines. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:441-450. [PMID: 36119367 PMCID: PMC9476802 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine is an important and often underestimated part of health services. In some countries, it has a long history of use in health maintenance and in disease prevention and treatment, particularly for disease. WHO has always emphasized the important role of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine in human healthcare. In this review article, the author provided some information from the following five aspects: (1) Development basis of China ASEAN traditional medicine and herbal medicine; (2) The development and afficacy of traditional medicine theory system; (3) Industry development and regulation management of traditional medicine and herbal medicine products; (4) China-ASEAN traditional medicine exchanges and cooperation to promote traditional medicine cooperation and medicine trade, and (5) Strengthening academic and industrial cooperation and promoting the healthy development of traditional medicine and herbal medicine. It is believed that the information will have certain reference value for readers in studies on traditional and herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-xiao Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300462, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetis, Tianjin 300462, China
- China-ASEAN Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Traditional Medicine Research, Nanning 530200, China
- Corresponding author.
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