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Xie Q, Liu Z. Chemometrics of the composition and antioxidant capacity of essential oils obtained from six Cupressaceae taxa. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18612. [PMID: 39127791 PMCID: PMC11316816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are complex and susceptible to environmental conditions, they have a wide range of biological activities and are often used to differentiate between similar species. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with chemometric analysis was applied to systematically analyse and evaluate EOs constituents and antioxidant activity of six Chinese Cupressaceae taxa (Platycladus orientalis Franco, P. orientalis Franco 'Sieboldii', P. orientalis Franco 'Aurea', Juniperus chinensis Roxb., J. chinensis Roxb. 'Kaizuca', and J. sabina L.) under identical conditions. The antioxidant activity of the EOs was evaluated using 2,2 -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing power (FRAP), and the total phenolic content (TPC) of the EOs was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. In total, seventy individual constituents were identified with the main components being α-pinene, sabinene, D-limonene, bornyl acetate, δ-3-carene and β-myrcene. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchal cluster analysis (HCA) successfully discriminated the six taxa into three chemotypes and the unique chemotype revealed that J. chinensis 'Kaizuca' may be a species rather than a cultivar of J. chinensis. The results of OPLS-DA analysis showed that the three compounds screened, namely, α-pinene, sabinene, and δ-3-carene, can completely distinguish Platycladus spp. from Juniperus spp. The DPPH assay results ranged from 576.14 (J. chinensis 'Kaizuca') to 1146.12 (J. sabina) μmol eq Trolox/mL EO, while the ABTS values ranged from 1579.62 (P. orientalis 'Aurea') to 5071.82 (J. sabina) μmol eq Trolox/mL. In the FRAP assay, the values ranged from 1086.50 (J. chinensis 'Kaizuca') to 1191.18 (J. sabina) μmol eq Trolox/ml and the TPC of the EOs studied ranged from 15.17 (J. chinensis 'Kaizuca') to 39.37 (J. sabina) mg GAE/mL EO. The results consistently showed that J. sabina possessed the strongest antioxidant activity and can be preferentially used as a rich source of potentially natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xie
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
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Gorjian H, Khaligh NG. Myrtle: a versatile medicinal plant. NUTRIRE : REVISTA DE SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ALIMENTACAO E NUTRICAO = JOURNAL OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF FOOD AND NUTRITION 2023; 48:10. [PMID: 38625264 PMCID: PMC9933039 DOI: 10.1186/s41110-023-00194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Myrtus, commonly called myrtle, is a genus of flowering plants in the Myrtaceae family. This study aimed to review myrtle's pharmaceutical, food, and other uses. The pharmacological effects of myrtle for antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities, reduction of COVID-19 symptoms, anti-diabetic in the animal model, hepatoprotective in the rat model, antihypertensive, control of intestinal helminthiasis in mice model, inhibition of glucosyltransferase activity, protective effect on oxidative metabolism in the hypothyroidism model, and reducing the damage caused by skin burns are reviewed. In addition, the food uses of this plant such as improving the oxidative and microbial stability of products containing salmon, antimicrobial activity in meat and dairy products, flavoring in sea salt, microbial improvement of fresh fruits during post-harvest storage, animal nutrition, and bio-oil production are summarized. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41110-023-00194-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayedeh Gorjian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
| | - Nader Ghaffari Khaligh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Caputo L, Capozzolo F, Amato G, De Feo V, Fratianni F, Vivenzio G, Nazzaro F. Chemical composition, antibiofilm, cytotoxic, and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of Myrtus communis L. leaves essential oil. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:142. [PMID: 35596201 PMCID: PMC9123742 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential of essential oils (EOs) and of their principal constituents for eradication of biofilm and at the same time the research of new potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors is gaining increasing interest in last years. The aims of this study were to determine the chemical composition and to evaluate the antibacterial, cytotoxic, and anti-acetylcholinesterase properties of Myrtus communis leaves essential oil and its main constituents. METHODS Essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of M. communis L. leaves and was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity was carried out against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The microdilution method was used to estimate the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Then, the capacity of essential oil and its main constituent to inhibit biofilm growth, with the method of O'Toole and Kolterand, and the metabolic activity of biofilm cells through the MTT colorimetric method were evaluated at different times. Moreover, was studied the potential cytotoxic activity against SH-SY5Y cell line with MTT assay and the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity using Ellman's assay. RESULTS Myrtenyl-acetate, 1,8 cineole, α-pinene, and linalool were the main components in the EO. The myrtle EO, at the minimum tested dose (0.4 mg/ml), inhibited S. aureus biofilm by 42.1% and was capable of inhibiting the biofilm cell metabolism in all tested strains, except Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the EO showed good cytotoxic and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities IC50 of 209.1 and 32.8 μg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that myrtle EO and its main constituents could be used as possible products that could act against the resistant pathogenic species E. coli, P. aeruginosa, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus, on the other hand, as possible coadjutants in the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Capozzolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy. .,Institute of Food Science, CNR-ISA, via Roma 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanni Vivenzio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Science, CNR-ISA, via Roma 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy
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Liposomal Formulations to Improve Antioxidant Power of Myrtle Berry Extract for Potential Skin Application. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050910. [PMID: 35631495 PMCID: PMC9143335 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many substances in plant extracts are known for their biological activities. These substances act in different ways, exerting overall protective effects against many diseases, especially skin disorders. However, plant extracts’ health benefits are often limited by low bioavailability. To overcome these limitations, drug delivery systems can be employed. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant power of an ethanolic extract from Myrtus communis L. (myrtle) berries through colorimetric tests (DPPH and FRAP). The antioxidant activity was also verified by using fibroblast cell culture through cellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels measurements. Moreover, the myrtle extract was formulated in phospholipid vesicles to improve its bioavailability and applicability. Myrtle liposomes were characterized by size, surface charge, storage stability, and entrapment efficiency; visualized by using cryo-TEM images; and assayed for cytocompatibility and anti-ROS activity. Our results suggest that myrtle liposomes were cytocompatible and improved the extract’s antioxidant power in fibroblasts, suggesting a potential skin application for these formulations and confirming that nanotechnologies could be a valid tool to enhance plant extracts’ potentialities.
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