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Deng X, Huang J, Zhang M, Wei X, Song H, Wang Y, Xin J, Sun H, Liu J, Yang D, Li J, Yang M. Metabolite profiling and screening of callus browning-related genes in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14027. [PMID: 37882309 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Callus browning is a major drawback to lotus callus proliferation and regeneration. However, the underlying mechanism of its formation remains largely unknown. Herein, we aimed to explore the metabolic and molecular basis of lotus callus browning by combining histological staining, high-throughput metabolomics, and transcriptomic assays for lotus callus at three browning stages. Histological stained brown callus cross sections displayed severe cell death symptoms, accompanied by an obvious accumulation of polyphenols and lignified materials. Widely targeted metabolomics revealed extensively decreased accumulation of most detected flavonoids and benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs), as well as a few phenolic acids, amino acids and their derivatives in callus with browning symptoms. Conversely, the contents of most detected tannins were significantly increased. Subsequent comparative transcriptomics identified a set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the biosynthesis and regulation of flavonoids and BIAs in lotus. Notably, callus browning was coupled with significantly up-regulated expression of two polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and 17 peroxidase (POD) encoding genes, while the expression of ethylene associated genes remained at marginal levels. These results suggest that lotus callus browning is primarily controlled at the level of metabolism, wherein the oxidation of flavonoids and BIAs is crucially decisive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinghao Huang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghua Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wei
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heyun Song
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Xin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Sun X, Wang Y, Yang T, Wang X, Wang H, Wang D, Liu H, Wang X, Zhang G, Wei Z. Establishment of an efficient regeneration and Agrobacterium transformation system in mature embryos of calla lily ( Zantedeschia spp.). Front Genet 2022; 13:1085694. [PMID: 36561313 PMCID: PMC9763309 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1085694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.) have great aesthetic value due to their spathe-like appearance and richness of coloration. However, embryonic callus regeneration is absent from its current regeneration mechanism. As a result, constructing an adequate and stable genetic transformation system is hampered, severely hindering breeding efforts. In this research, the callus induction effectiveness of calla lily seed embryos of various maturities was evaluated. The findings indicated that mature seed embryos were more suitable for in vitro regeneration. Using orthogonal design experiments, the primary elements influencing in vitro regeneration, such as plant growth regulators, genotypes, and nanoscale materials, which was emergent uses for in vitro regeneration, were investigated. The findings indicated that MS supplemented with 6-BA 2 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L was the optimal medium for callus induction (CIM); the germination medium (GM) was MS supplemented with 6-BA 2 mg/L NAA 0.2 mg/L and 1 mg/L CNTs, and the rooting medium (RM) was MS supplemented with 6-BA 2 mg/L NAA 0.7 mg/L and 2 mg/L CNTs. This allowed us to verify, in principle, that the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation system operates under optimal circumstances using the GUS reporter gene. Here, we developed a seed embryo-based genetic transformation regeneration system, which set the stage for future attempts to create new calla lily varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China,Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China,College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tuo Yang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huanxiao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China,Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China,Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China,Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China,Hebei Higher Institute Application Technology Research and Development Center of Horticultural Plant Biological Breeding, Qinhuangdao, China,*Correspondence: Guojun Zhang, ; Zunzheng Wei,
| | - Zunzheng Wei
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Guojun Zhang, ; Zunzheng Wei,
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Alsafran M, Wickramanayake K, Usman K, Ahmed T. Efficient shoot regeneration of medicinal plant Haplophyllum tuberculatum by direct and indirect organogenesis and genetic fidelity assessment using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats markers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:995825. [PMID: 36262661 PMCID: PMC9574544 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.995825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In vitro plant cell and tissue cultures are potent tools to propagating germplasm resources in conserving and managing plant genetic resources. A reliable micropropagation protocol was developed for efficient callus proliferation and direct and indirect shoot regeneration of Meseika (Haplophyllum tuberculatum). With the applied sterilization procedure, immature, unopened H. tuberculatum seed pods can be identified as a potent explant with high viability and low contamination percentage. Multiple shoots were regenerated from leaf and stem explants through direct organogenesis on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) + 3% sucrose medium amended with BAP. Indirect regeneration of several shoots was achieved on 1/2 MS + 1% sucrose media amended with 2 and 4 mg/l BAP. An efficient callus proliferation from both explants can be achieved by supplementing the MS media with NAA and BAP. All the cultures were incubated in a controlled growth chamber under 5/19 h light/dark photoperiod, temperature (25 ± 2°C), and 60% relative humidity (RH).10 ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers were screened to test the genetic fidelity of regenerated H. tuberculatum shoots. Callus development was observed after 15 days and shoot regeneration was occurred after 30 days after callus initiation. 10 ISSR primers produced a total of 39 clear, distinct amplicons. 75, 60, 40, and 16% polymorphism percentages were recorded by the ISSR primer 11, 7, 5, and 4, respectively. The developed micropropagation protocol is appropriate for rapid in-vitro multiplication of H. tuberculatum shoots and callus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alsafran
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Central Laboratories Unit, Office of VP for Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Kamal Usman
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Talaat Ahmed
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Abdelsalam NR, Hasan ME, Javed T, Rabie SMA, El-Wakeel HEDMF, Zaitoun AF, Abdelsalam AZ, Aly HM, Ghareeb RY, Hemeida AA, Shah AN. Endorsement and phylogenetic analysis of some Fabaceae plants based on DNA barcoding. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5645-5657. [PMID: 35655052 PMCID: PMC9262781 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background DNA barcoding have been considered as a tool to facilitate species identification based on its simplicity and high-level accuracy in compression to the complexity and subjective biases linked to morphological identification of taxa. MaturaseK gene (MatK gene) of the chloroplast is very vital in the plant system which is involved in the group II intron splicing. The main objective of this study is to determine the relative utility of the “MatK” chloroplast gene for barcoding in 15 legume as a tool to facilitate species identification based on their simplicity and high-level accuracy linked to morphological identification of taxa. Methods and Results MatK gene sequences were submitted to GenBank and the accession numbers were obtained with sequence length ranging from 730 to 1545 nucleotides. These DNA sequences were aligned with database sequence using PROMALS server, Clustal Omega server and Bioedit program. Maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining algorithms were employed for constructing phylogeny. Overall, these results indicated that the phylogenetic tree analysis and the evolutionary distances of an individual dataset of each species were agreed with a phylogenetic tree of all each other consisting of two clades, the first clade comprising (Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Albizia lebbek), Acacia saligna, Leucaena leucocephala, Dichrostachys Cinerea, (Delonix regia, Parkinsonia aculeata), (Senna surattensis, Cassia fistula, Cassia javanica) and Schotia brachypetala were more closely to each other, respectively. The remaining four species of Erythrina humeana, (Sophora secundiflora, Dalbergia Sissoo, Tipuana Tipu) constituted the second clade. Conclusion Moreover, their sequences could be successfully utilized in single nucleotide polymorphism or as part of the sequence as DNA fragment analysis utilizing polymerase chain reaction in plant systematic. Therefore, MatK gene is considered promising a candidate for DNA barcoding in the plant family Fabaceae and provides a clear relationship between the families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader R Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed E Hasan
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Samar M A Rabie
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Houssam El-Din M F El-Wakeel
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Amera F Zaitoun
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Aly Z Abdelsalam
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain-Shams University, Ain Shams, Egypt
| | - Hesham M Aly
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Horticulture Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Antoniadis Botanical Garden, Alexandria, 21554, Egypt
| | - Rehab Y Ghareeb
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Alaa A Hemeida
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Punjab, Pakistan
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Guan X, Feng Y, Jiang Y, Hu Y, Zhang J, Li Z, Song C, Li F, Hou J, Shen T, Hu W. Simulated digestion and in vitro fermentation of a polysaccharide from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) root residue by the human gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Al-Qurainy F, Tarroum M, Khan S, Nadeem M, Gaafar ARZ, Alansi S, Alfarraj NS. Genome Estimation and Phytochemical Compound Identification in the Leaves and Callus of Abrus precatorius: A Locally Endangered Plant from the Flora of Saudi Arabia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:567. [PMID: 35214900 PMCID: PMC8877254 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Abrus precatorius is considered to be a valuable source of natural products for the development of drugs against various diseases. Herein, the genome size and phytochemical compounds in the leaves and callus of A. precatorius were evaluated. The endangered A. precatorius was collected from the Al-Baha mountains, Saudi Arabia and identified based on the phylogenetic analysis of a DNA sequence amplified by ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The callus was induced by the culture of stem explants onto Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with various combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D) and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). The callus with the highest fresh weight (2.03 g) was obtained in the medium containing 0.5µM BA and 5 µM 2,4-D after 8 weeks of culture; thus, the callus of this combination was selected for the genome estimation and phytochemical compound extraction. The genetic stability of the leaves from the donor as well as in the regenerated callus was analyzed by flow cytometry with optimized tomato (2C = 1.96 pg) as an external reference standard. The 2C DNA content was estimated to 1.810 pg ± 0.008 and 1.813 pg ± 0.004 for the leaves and callus, respectively. Then, the total phenol and total flavonoid contents in the methanol extract of the callus and leaves were measured using a spectrophotometer and the High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC ) methods. The results showed that the methanolic extract of the leaves was higher in total phenols and total flavonoids than the callus extract. Finally, the extracts of callus and leaves were analyzed for phytochemical compound through the Gas chromatography and Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). A total of 22 and 28 compounds were detected in the callus and leaves, respectively. The comparative analysis showed that 12 compounds of the secondary metabolites were present in both extracts.
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Trunjaruen A, Luecha P, Taratima W. Micropropagation of pokeweed ( Phytolacca americana L.) and comparison of phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity between pokeweed callus and other parts. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12892. [PMID: 35186483 PMCID: PMC8830332 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.) is regarded as an invasive plant in many parts of the world but possesses therapeutic characteristics used for antitumor and rheumatism treatment. This study investigated the effects of auxins and four explants on pokeweed callus induction. The effects of cytokinins and combinations between cytokinins and NAA on shoot and root induction were also studied. TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity of calli were screened and compared with other pokeweed plant parts. METHODS Four explants were used to induce callus using 2,4-D and IBA at 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/l for each auxin. Direct shoot organogenesis from nodal explants was investigated using BAP, kinetin and TDZ (1, 2 and 4 mg/l for each cytokinin). Combined effects between cytokinins and NAA at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/l were further simultaneously estimated with root induction. Calli derived from the leaves were compared with other plant parts for TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity using the Folin-Ciocalteu, AlCl3 colorimetric assay and DPPH assays, respectively. RESULTS Results showed that MS medium containing 2 mg/l 2,4-D induced callus formation on leaf explants that provided highest fresh and dry weights. Three types of synthetic cytokinins as kinetin, TDZ and BAP were used for direct shoot organogenesis from pokeweed nodes. MS medium containing 2 mg/l kinetin was effective in stimulating normal shoots, with the largest number of shoots and leaves and the longest shoots. The combination between cytokinins and NAA showed no positive effect on shoot and root induction from pokeweed nodal explants. For TPC and TFC determination, pokeweed seeds and leaves possessed the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. Highest phenolic content of pokeweed seeds led to lowest IC50 by DPPH assay. Phenolic content was higher than flavonoid content. CONCLUSION Results suggested promising conditions for callus induction. Leaf explants cultured on MS medium with 2 mg/l 2,4-D and nodal explants cultured on MS medium with 2 mg/l kinetin provided the largest number of normal shoots and leaves. NAA did not show positive effects on shoot and root induction when combined with cytokinins. Chemical constituent screening indicated that seeds and leaves provided highest TPC and TFC, respectively, while pokeweed calli contained higher phenolic than flavonoid content. This is the first report describing chemical constituent screening and antioxidant activity of calli and other parts of the pokeweed plant. Results provided significant information to further enhance bioactive compound contents of pokeweed calli using elicitation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attachai Trunjaruen
- Salt-Tolerant Rice Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Prathan Luecha
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Worasitikulya Taratima
- Salt-Tolerant Rice Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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