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Yang D, Jin C, Kang H. Vertical Alignment of Liquid Crystal on Sustainable 2,4-Di- tert-butylphenoxymethyl-Substituted Polystyrene Films. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071302. [PMID: 35406176 PMCID: PMC9002882 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We synthesized sustainable 2,4-di-tert-butylphenoxymethyl-substituted polystyrenes (PDtBP#, # = 88, 68, 35, and 19, where # is molar percent contents of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenoxymethyl moiety), using post-polymerization modification reactions in order to study their liquid crystal (LC) alignment behaviors. In general, LC cells fabricated using polymer film with higher molar content of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenoxymethyl side groups showed vertical LC alignment behavior. LC alignment behavior in LC cell was related to the surface energy of the polymer alignment layer. For example, when the total surface energy value of the polymer layer was smaller than about 29.4 mJ/m2, vertical alignment behaviors were observed, generated by the nonpolar 2,4-di-tert-butylphenoxymethyl moiety with long and bulky carbon groups. Orientation stability was observed at 200 °C in the LC cells fabricated using PDtBP88 as the LC alignment layer. Therefore, as a natural compound modified polymer, PDtBP# can be used as a candidate LC alignment layer for environmentally friendly applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyo Kang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-200-7720; Fax: +82-51-200-7728
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Moon J, Kang C, Kang H. Vertical Alignment of Liquid Crystals on Phenylphenoxymethyl-Substituted Polystyrene—PS Derivatives Structurally Similar to LC Molecules. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050934. [PMID: 35267756 PMCID: PMC8912853 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of polystyrene derivatives containing precursors of liquid crystal (LC) molecules, phenylphenoxymethyl-substituted polystyrene (PPHE#; # = 5, 15, 25, 50, 75, and 100)—where # is the molar content of 4-phenylphenol using polymer modification reactions—were prepared in order to examine the effect of the polymer film, which possess similar LC molecular structure on the LC alignment properties. It was found that the Tg values of the PPHE# were higher than 100 °C due to their aromatic structure in the biphenyl-based PHE moiety. The LC cells fabricated with PPHE5 and PPHE15 films exhibited planar LC alignment. Conversely, LC molecules showed a vertical alignment in LC cells made using the polymer films with phenylphenoxymethyl side groups in the range of 25–100 mol %. The polar surface energies on the PPHE# films can be associated with the vertical LC alignment on the PPHE# films. For example, vertical LC alignment was exhibited when the polar surface energy of the polymer films was less than approximately 4.2 mJ/m2. Aligning stability was observed at 200 °C and UV irradiation of 20 J/cm2 for LC cells made using the PPHE100 film. Therefore, it was found that biphenyl, one of the LC precursors, modified polystyrene derivatives and can produce a next-generation vertical LC alignment system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyo Kang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-200-7720; Fax: +82-51-200-7728
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Yang D, Seo K, Kang H. Effect of Position and Structure of the Terminal Moieties in the Side Group on the Liquid Crystal Alignment Behavior of Polystyrene Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2822. [PMID: 34451360 PMCID: PMC8401165 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthesized a series of polystyrene derivatives containing various side groups, such as the 4-(tert-butyl)-phenoxymethyl, 3-(tert-butyl)-phenoxymethyl, 2-(tert-butyl)-phenoxymethyl, 4-cumyl-phenoxymethyl, and 4-trityl-phenoxymethyl groups, through a polymer modification reaction to examine the liquid crystal (LC) alignment of these derivatives. In general, the vertical LC alignment on polymer films can be affected by the position and structure of the terminal moiety of the polymer side group. For example, the LC cells fabricated with 4-(tert-butyl)-phenoxymethyl-substituted polystyrene having a tert-butyl moiety as a para-type attachment to the phenoxy groups of the polystyrene derivatives exhibited vertical LC alignment, whereas the LC cells prepared from 3-(tert-butyl)- and 2-(tert-butyl)-phenoxymethyl-substituted polystyrene films exhibited planar LC alignment. In addition, the LC cells fabricated from 4-cumyl- and 4-trityl-phenoxymethyl-substituted polystyrene films with additional phenyl rings in the side groups exhibited planar LC alignment, in contrast to the LC alignment of the (tert-butyl)-phenoxymethyl-substituted polystyrene series. The vertical LC orientation was well correlated with the surface energy of these polymer films. For example, vertical LC orientation, which mainly originates due to the nonpolar tertiary carbon moiety having bulky groups, was observed when the surface energy of the polymer was lower than 36.6 mJ/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyo Kang
- BK-21 Four Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (D.Y.); (K.S.)
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Seo K, Kang H. Vertical Orientation of Liquid Crystal on Polystyrene Substituted with n-alkylbenzoate- p-oxymethyl Pendant Group as a Liquid Crystal Precursor. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2058. [PMID: 34201714 PMCID: PMC8271889 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthesized a series of polystyrene derivatives modified with precursors of liquid crystal (LC) molecules via polymer modification reactions. Thereafter, the orientation of the LC molecules on the polymer films, which possess part of the corresponding LC molecular structure, was investigated systematically. The precursors and the corresponding derivatives used in this study include ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate (homopolymer P2BO and copolymer P2BO#, where # indicates the molar fraction of ethylbenzoate-p-oxymethyl in the side chain (# = 20, 40, 60, and 80)), n-butyl-p-hydroxybenzoate (P4BO), n-hexyl-p-hydroxybenzoate (P6BO), and n-octyl-p-hydroxybenzoate (P8BO). A stable and uniform vertical orientation of LC molecules was observed in LC cells fabricated with P2BO#, with 40 mol% or more ethylbenzoate-p-oxymethyl side groups. In addition, the LC molecules were oriented vertically in LC cells fabricated with homopolymers of P2BO, P4BO, P6BO, and P8BO. The water contact angle on the polymer films can be associated with the vertical orientation of the LC molecules in the LC cells fabricated with the polymer films. For example, vertical LC orientation was observed when the water contact angle of the polymer films was greater than ~86°. Good orientation stability was observed at 150 °C and with 20 J/cm2 of UV irradiation for LC cells fabricated with the P2BO film.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyo Kang
- BK-21 Four Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea;
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Seo K, Kang H. Vertical Orientation of Liquid Crystal on Comb-Like 4-( trans-4-alkylcyclohexyl)phenoxymethyl-substituted Polystyrene Containing Liquid Crystal Precursor. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1404. [PMID: 33926053 PMCID: PMC8123660 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthesized a series of polystyrene derivatives modified with precursors of liquid crystal (LC) molecules, including 4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)phenol (homopolymer PECH and copolymer PECH#; # = 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, and 80, where # indicates the molar fraction of 4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)phenoxymethyl in the side chain), 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenol (PPCH), 4-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)phenol (PBCH), and 4-(trans-4-amylcyclohexyl)phenol (PAmCH) via polymer modification reactions in order to investigate the orientation of LC molecules on polymer films exhibiting part of the LC molecular structure. A stable and uniform vertical orientation of LC molecules was observed in LC cells fabricated with PECH#, having 15 mol% or more of 4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)phenoxymethyl side groups. In addition, the vertical orientation of LC molecules was observed in LC cells fabricated with homopolymers of PECH, PPCH, PBCH, and PAmCH. The water contact angle on the polymer films could be associated with the vertical orientation of the LC molecules in the LC cells fabricated with polymer films. For example, a vertical LC orientation was observed when the water contact angle of the polymer films was higher than ~81°. Good orientation stability was observed at 200 °C and 15 mW/cm2 of UV irradiation for LC cells fabricated with PECH films.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyo Kang
- BK-21 Four Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 604-714, Korea;
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Yang D, Seo K, Kang H. Alignment Layer of Liquid Crystal Using Plant-Based Isoeugenol-Substituted Polystyrene. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:547. [PMID: 33673311 PMCID: PMC7918683 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We synthesized a series of renewable and plant-based isoeugenol-substituted polystyrenes (PIEU#, # = 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20, where # is the molar percent content of isoeugenol moiety), using polymer modification reactions to study their liquid crystal (LC) alignment behavior. In general, the LC cells fabricated using polymer film with a higher molar content of isoeugenol side groups showed vertical LC alignment behavior. This alignment behavior was well related to the surface energy value of the polymer layer. For example, vertical alignments were observed when the polar surface energy value of the polymer was smaller than approximately 3.59 mJ/m2, generated by the nonpolar isoeugenol moiety with long and bulky carbon groups. Good alignment stability at 100 °C and under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of 15 J/cm2 was observed for the LC cells fabricated using PIEU100 as a LC alignment layer. Therefore, renewable isoeugenol-based materials can be used to produce an eco-friendly vertical LC alignment system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyo Kang
- BK-21 Four Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong Daero 550beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 604-714, Korea; (D.Y.); (K.S.)
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Liu L, Ni Y, Zhi Y, Zhao W, Pudukudy M, Jia Q, Shan S, Zhang K, Li X. Sustainable and Biodegradable Copolymers from SO2 and Renewable Eugenol: A Novel Urea Fertilizer Coating Material with Superio Slow Release Performance. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Liu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Center, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton E3B5A3, Canada
| | - Yunfei Zhi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China
| | - Manoj Pudukudy
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China
| | - Qingming Jia
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China
| | - Shaoyun Shan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China
| | - Kaifu Zhang
- Yunnan Yunjing Forestry and Pulp Mill Co., Ltd, 666400 Jinggu, China
| | - Xuefen Li
- Yunnan Yunjing Forestry and Pulp Mill Co., Ltd, 666400 Jinggu, China
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Zhao W, Li M, Wang X, Yang X, Hu X, Yuan D, Yang W, Zhang Y, Lv P, He J, Zhou G. Polymer Stabilized Liquid Crystal Smart Window with Flexible Substrates Based on Low-Temperature Treatment of Polyamide Acid Technology. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1869. [PMID: 31766151 PMCID: PMC6918311 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC) devices can be used as smart privacy windows that switch between transparent and opaque states. The polyimide alignment layer of a PSLC device is usually obtained by the treatment of polyamide acid (PAA) with temperatures over 200 °C. This hinders the fabrication of PSLC devices on flexible substrates, which melt at these high temperatures. In this work, the fabrication of a PSLC alignment layer using a lower temperature that is compatible with most flexible substrates, is demonstrated. It was found that the treatment of PAA at 150 °C could generate the same alignment for liquid crystals. Based on this, a PSLC device was successfully fabricated on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, demonstrating excellent electro-optic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Y.)
| | - Changrui Wang
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, No. 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.W.); (X.W.); (X.Y.); (X.H.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.H.); (G.Z.)
| | - Wei Zhao
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, No. 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.W.); (X.W.); (X.Y.); (X.H.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.H.); (G.Z.)
| | - Ming Li
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Y.)
| | - Xiao Wang
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, No. 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.W.); (X.W.); (X.Y.); (X.H.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.H.); (G.Z.)
| | - Xiulan Yang
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, No. 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.W.); (X.W.); (X.Y.); (X.H.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.H.); (G.Z.)
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, No. 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.W.); (X.W.); (X.Y.); (X.H.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.H.); (G.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong Yuan
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, No. 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.W.); (X.W.); (X.Y.); (X.H.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.H.); (G.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiping Yang
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Y.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, No. 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.W.); (X.W.); (X.Y.); (X.H.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.H.); (G.Z.)
| | - Pengrong Lv
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, No. 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.W.); (X.W.); (X.Y.); (X.H.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.H.); (G.Z.)
| | - Jialin He
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, No. 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.W.); (X.W.); (X.Y.); (X.H.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.H.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, No. 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.W.); (X.W.); (X.Y.); (X.H.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.H.); (G.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
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Melendez-Rodriguez B, Figueroa-Lopez KJ, Bernardos A, Martínez-Máñez R, Cabedo L, Torres-Giner S, Lagaron JM. Electrospun Antimicrobial Films of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Containing Eugenol Essential Oil Encapsulated in Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E227. [PMID: 30744000 PMCID: PMC6409543 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to develop poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) films with long-term antimicrobial capacity of interest in food packaging applications. To this end, eugenol was first highly efficiently encapsulated at 50 wt.-% in the pores of mesoporous silica nanoparticles by vapor adsorption. The eugenol-containing nanoparticles were then loaded in the 2.5⁻20 wt.-% range into PHBV by electrospinning and the resultant electrospun composite fibers were annealed at 155 °C to produce continuous films. The characterization showed that the PHBV films filled with mesoporous silica nanoparticles containing eugenol present sufficient thermal resistance and enhanced mechanical strength and barrier performance to water vapor and limonene. The antimicrobial activity of the films was also evaluated against foodborne bacteria for 15 days in open vs. closed conditions in order to simulate real packaging conditions. The electrospun PHBV films with loadings above 10 wt.-% of mesoporous silica nanoparticles containing eugenol successfully inhibited the bacterial growth, whereas the active films stored in hermetically closed systems increased their antimicrobial activity after 15 days due to the volatile portion accumulated in the system's headspace and the sustained release capacity of the films. The resultant biopolymer films are, therefore, potential candidates to be applied in active food packaging applications to provide shelf life extension and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Melendez-Rodriguez
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Kelly J Figueroa-Lopez
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Andrea Bernardos
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Universitat de València (UV), camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Universitat de València (UV), camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Luis Cabedo
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA), Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain.
| | - Sergio Torres-Giner
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Jose M Lagaron
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
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10
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Papageorgiou GZ. Thinking Green: Sustainable Polymers from Renewable Resources. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E952. [PMID: 30960877 PMCID: PMC6403878 DOI: 10.3390/polym10090952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- George Z Papageorgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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