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Antonangelo AR, Hawkins N, Tocci E, Muzzi C, Fuoco A, Carta M. Tröger's Base Network Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (TB-PIMs) with Tunable Pore Size for Heterogeneous Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15581-15594. [PMID: 35973136 PMCID: PMC9437925 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Heterogeneous catalysis plays a pivotal role in the preparation
of value-added chemicals, and it works more efficiently when combined
with porous materials and supports. Because of that, a detailed assessment
of porosity and pore size is essential when evaluating the performance
of new heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, we report the synthesis and
characterization of a series of novel microporous Tröger’s
base polymers and copolymers (TB-PIMs) with tunable pore size. The
basicity of TB sites is exploited to catalyze the Knoevenagel condensation
of benzaldehydes and malononitrile, and the dimension of the pores
can be systematically adjusted with an appropriate selection of monomers
and comonomers. The tunability of the pore size provides the enhanced
accessibility of the catalytic sites for substrates, which leads to
a great improvement in conversions, with the best results achieving
completion in only 20 min. In addition, it enables the use of large
benzaldehydes, which is prevented when using polymers with very small
pores, typical of conventional PIMs. The catalytic reaction is more
efficient than the corresponding homogeneous counterpart and is ultimately
optimized with the addition of a small amount of a solvent, which
facilitates the swelling of the pores and leads to a further improvement
in the performance and to a better carbon economy. Molecular dynamic
modeling of the copolymers’ structures is employed to describe
the swellability of flexible chains, helping the understanding of
the improved performance and demonstrating the great potential of
these novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana R Antonangelo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Grove Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
| | - Natasha Hawkins
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Grove Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
| | - Elena Tocci
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), via P. Bucci 17/C, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
| | - Chiara Muzzi
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), via P. Bucci 17/C, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
| | - Alessio Fuoco
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), via P. Bucci 17/C, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
| | - Mariolino Carta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Grove Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
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2
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Kim D, Kim G, Han J, Jung O. Advances in
2D
coordination networks for single‐crystal‐to‐single crystal applications beyond confined pores. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pusan National University Pusan Korea
| | - Gyeongwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pusan National University Pusan Korea
| | - Jihun Han
- Department of Chemistry Pusan National University Pusan Korea
| | - Ok‐Sang Jung
- Department of Chemistry Pusan National University Pusan Korea
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3
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Wang FK, Yang SY, Dong HZ. Structural diversity induced by ligand geometry: From two-dimensional to three-dimensional coordination polymers with pyridine. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820968162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two coordination polymers with two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures are, {[Zn3(bdc)3(py)2]·2NMP}n (1) (H2bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid) and [Zn2(NO3−)(btc)(nmp)2(py)]n (2) (H3btc = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid), synthesized by hot-solution reactions of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, pyridine (py) and two different ligands in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). {[Zn3(bdc)3(py)2]·2NMP}n exhibits two-dimensional networks with trizinc subunits [Zn3(COO)6py2] stacking with a layer-by-layer alignment, and there are strong π–π interactions involving py from adjacent layers. [Zn2(NO3−)(btc)(nmp)2(py)]n has a three-dimensional structure containing two independent zinc ions, tetrahedral ZnO4 and octahedral ZnNO5. Based on X-ray studies, the coordination polymers {[Zn3(bdc)3(py)2]·2NMP}n (1) have a porous structure with NMP guest molecules. In contrast, X-ray studies revealed that coordination polymer [Zn2(NO3−)(btc)(nmp)2(py)]n (2) had a larger void that was inhabited by coordinated py and NMP. In addition, the form of the two coordination polymers changed from two-dimensional to three-dimensional with transformation of the ligand geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Kuo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Yao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Ze Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, P.R. China
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4
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Mao J, Wang J, Tang G, Chu PK, Bai H. A zipped-up tunable metal coordinated cationic polymer for nanomedicine. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:1350-1358. [PMID: 32039417 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02965f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating metal elements into polymers is a feasible means to fabricate new materials with multiple functionalities. In this work, a metal coordinated cationic polymer (MCCP) was developed. Ferric ions were incorporated into the polyethyleneimine-β-cyclodextrin (PC) polymer chain via coordination to produce a zipped-up polymer with a micro-ordered and macro-disordered topological structure. By varying the metal concentration, a tunable superstructure could be formed on the nano-templates via the "zipping" effect. In addition, the physicochemical properties of the assembly of MCCPs and nucleic acids were tailored by tuning the composition of the metal ions and polymers. The loading efficiency of Rhodamine-B by MCCPs was enhanced. The in vitro and in vivo results showed that the hybrid materials could be adjusted to deliver nucleic acids or small molecules with good performance and acquired the capacity of generating reactive oxygen species in tumor cells. Thus, the tunable and multifunctional MCCP system has great potential in nanomedicine and biomaterial science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China and Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Guping Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China and Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hongzhen Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China and Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Coordination Assemblies of Zn(II) Coordination Polymers: Positional Isomeric Effect and Optical Properties. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9120664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Two Zn(II) coordination polymers (CPs) [Zn(L)(pphda)] (1) and [Zn(L)(ophda)]·H2O (2) were prepared by reactions of ZnSO4·7H2O based on the N-donor 1,4-di(1H-imidazol-4-yl)benzene (L) ligand and two flexible carboxylic acids isomers of 1,4-phenylenediacetic acid (H2pphda) and 1,2-phenylenediacetic acid (H2ophda) as mixed ligands, respectively. Structures of CPs 1 and 2 were characterized by elemental analysis, Infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The CP 1 is a fourfold interpenetrating 66-diamond (dia) architecture, while 2 is a 2D (4, 4) square lattice (sql) layer based on the Zn2(cis-1,2-ophda2−)2 binuclear Zn(II) subunits. The luminescent property, including luminescence lifetime and quantum yield (QY), have been investigated for CPs 1 and 2.
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Chen SS, Li JL, Li WD, Guo XZ, Zhao Y. Four new transition metal coordination polymers based on mixed 4-imidazole and carboxylate–sulfonate ligands: Syntheses, structures, and properties. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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