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Anand K, Sharma R, Sharma N. Recent advancements in natural polymers-based self-healing nano-materials for wound dressing. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35435. [PMID: 38864664 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The field of wound healing has witnessed remarkable progress in recent years, driven by the pursuit of advanced wound dressings. Traditional dressing materials have limitations like poor biocompatibility, nonbiodegradability, inadequate moisture management, poor breathability, lack of inherent therapeutic properties, and environmental impacts. There is a compelling demand for innovative solutions to transcend the constraints of conventional dressing materials for optimal wound care. In this extensive review, the therapeutic potential of natural polymers as the foundation for the development of self-healing nano-materials, specifically for wound dressing applications, has been elucidated. Natural polymers offer a multitude of advantages, possessing exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. The intricate engineering strategies employed to fabricate these polymers into nanostructures, thereby imparting enhanced mechanical robustness, flexibility, critical for efficacious wound management has been expounded. By harnessing the inherent properties of natural polymers, including chitosan, alginate, collagen, hyaluronic acid, and so on, and integrating the concept of self-healing materials, a comprehensive overview of the cutting-edge research in this emerging field is presented in the review. Furthermore, the inherent self-healing attributes of these materials, wherein they exhibit innate capabilities to autonomously rectify any damage or disruption upon exposure to moisture or body fluids, reducing frequent dressing replacements have also been explored. This review consolidates the existing knowledge landscape, accentuating the benefits and challenges associated with these pioneering materials while concurrently paving the way for future investigations and translational applications in the realm of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Anand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Neelima Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
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Kohno T, Kitagawa H, Tsuboi R, Deng F, Sakai H, Wu T, Fan YS, Xiao L, Imazato S. Development of Antibacterial Resin Composites Incorporating Poly(METAC) Clusters. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:896. [PMID: 38399151 PMCID: PMC10889979 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the antibacterial effects and physical properties of a novel resin composite incorporating poly[{2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl}trimethylammonium chloride] (poly(METAC)), a methacrylate cationic polymer comprising quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). Resin composites incorporating poly(METAC) were fabricated by adding 6 wt.% METAC aqueous solution to a commercially available resin composite. The FE-SEM/EDS and Raman spec-troscopy analyses showed that METAC was assembled and polymerized in the resin composites after curing. The antibacterial effect was evaluated by inoculating Streptococcus mutans or Strepto-coccus sobrinus suspensions on the surface of cured resin composites, and the experimental resin composites incorporating poly(METAC) clusters exhibited bactericidal effects even after 28 days of ageing. The physical properties of the experimental resin composites were within the ISO-stipulated ranges. Newly fabricated resin composites containing the QAC-based poly(METAC) cluster ex-hibited long-term bactericidal effects against oral bacteria on their surfaces and demonstrated ac-ceptable physical properties for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kohno
- Joint Research Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruaki Kitagawa
- Joint Research Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ririko Tsuboi
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Sakai
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tingyi Wu
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yo-Shiuan Fan
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Linghao Xiao
- Joint Research Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imazato
- Joint Research Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Duvall LJ, Sowers ETG, Graham CJ, Jutton F, Remsen EE. Spectroscopic characterization of the interactions between poly(2-(trimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) chloride and the xanthene dyes, 2', 7'-difluorofluorescein and 2, 4, 5, 7-tetraiodofluorescein. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 297:122710. [PMID: 37068441 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Intermolecular interactions in buffered aqueous solution between the polycation, poly(2-(trimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) chloride (pTMAEMC) and two anionic xanthene dyes, 2', 7'-difluorofluorescein (Oregon Green 488) and 2, 4, 5, 7-tetraiodofluorescein (Erythrosin B), are characterized using multiple optical spectroscopic methods. Visible absorption spectroscopy indicates the formation of ground-state pTMAEMC-dye complexes. Benesi-Hildebrand binding isotherm analysis of visible absorption spectra for pTMAEMC-dye mixtures quantifies the strength of binding interactions producing the complexes. For both Oregon Green 488 (OG) and Erythrosin B (EB) in mixtures with pTMAEMC, the concentration of the solution's sodium acetate buffer at a fixed pH alters the binding constants, Kb, suggesting that ionic strength plays a key role in determining the binding affinity of pTMAEMC for the dyes. Comparison of Kb, for the dyes indicates stronger binding of EB under all solution conditions. Steady-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching, excited-state fluorescence lifetime measurements and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy provide complementary data for the interactions between pTMAEMC and the dyes. Mixtures of pTMAEMC with the dyes produce fluorescence enhancements and fluorescence quenching which exhibit a dependence on the buffer concentration used in the mixture. Excited-state lifetime analysis indicates that OG interacts with pTMAEMC through ground-state interactions while EB exhibits both ground-state and excited-state interactions with pTMAEMC. The spectroscopic measurements suggest that a polyelectrolyte effect for pTMAEMC due to ionic strength variation produced by the buffer concentration affects the dye binding profile of the polycation. This conclusion is supported by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) analyses of the hydrodynamic diameter changes in pTMAEMC-OG binding in low buffer concentration (low ionic strength) solution. FCS analyses of pTMAEMC-OG mixtures also reveal diversity in the complexes formed in low ionic strength solution suggesting that other xanthene dyes will exhibit similar binding behaviors in mixtures with pTMAEMC as a function of solution ionic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Duvall
- Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bradley University, 1501 West Bradley Avenue, Peoria, IL 61625, USA
| | - Elijah T G Sowers
- Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bradley University, 1501 West Bradley Avenue, Peoria, IL 61625, USA
| | - Cody J Graham
- Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bradley University, 1501 West Bradley Avenue, Peoria, IL 61625, USA
| | - Frederick Jutton
- CMC Materials, Incorporated, 870 North Commons Drive, Aurora, IL 60504, USA
| | - Edward E Remsen
- Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bradley University, 1501 West Bradley Avenue, Peoria, IL 61625, USA.
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Jurko L, Makuc D, Štern A, Plavec J, Žegura B, Bošković P, Kargl R. Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Efficacy of Betaine- and Choline-Substituted Polymers. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:5270-5279. [PMID: 37469879 PMCID: PMC10353005 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Cationic charge has been widely used to increase polymer adsorption and flocculation of dispersions or to provide antimicrobial activity. In this work, cationization of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was achieved by covalently coupling betaine hydrochloride and choline chloride to the polymer backbones through carbonyl diimidazole (CDI) activation. Two approaches for activation were investigated. CDI in excess was used to activate the polymers' hydroxyls followed by carbonate formation with choline chloride, or CDI was used to activate betaine hydrochloride, followed by ester formation with the polymers' hydroxyls. The first approach led to a more significant cross-linking of PVA, but not of HEC, and the second approach successfully formed ester bonds. Cationic, nitrogen-bearing materials with varying degrees of substitution were obtained in moderate to high yields. These materials were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, polyelectrolyte titration, and kaolin flocculation. Their dose-dependent effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and L929 mouse fibroblasts, was investigated. Significant differences were found between the choline- and betaine-containing polymers, and especially, the choline carbonate esters of HEC strongly inhibited the growth of S. aureus in vitro but were also cytotoxic to fibroblasts. Fibroblast cytotoxicity was also observed for betaine esters of PVA but not for those of HEC. The materials could potentially be used as antimicrobial agents for instance by coating surfaces, but more investigations into the interaction between cells and polysaccharides are necessary to clarify why and how bacterial and human cells are inhibited or killed by these derivatives, especially those containing choline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Jurko
- Laboratory
for Characterization and Processing of Polymers (LCPP), Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Damjan Makuc
- Slovenian
NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alja Štern
- Department
of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian
NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST
Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne Fronte 13, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
Pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department
of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Perica Bošković
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Split, Rud̵era Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Rupert Kargl
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased System, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Laboratory
for Characterization and Processing of Polymers (LCPP), Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Yu Q, Yan Y, Huang J, Liang Q, Li J, Wang B, Ma B, Bianco A, Ge S, Shao J. A multifunctional chitosan-based hydrogel with self-healing, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory effects as wound dressing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123149. [PMID: 36623628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection often leads to inflammatory responses and delays wound healing. Chitosan (CS)-based composite hydrogels can hold desirable mechanical properties and maintain excellent antibacterial abilities, and thus may be promising as wound dressings. Although CS-based hydrogels have been widely studied on the antibacterial and wound-healing abilities, their immunomodulatory abilities were rarely evaluated. Herein, we developed a multifunctional CS/Poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride (PMETAC) hydrogel. In vitro, this hydrogel exhibited self-healing ability and excellent biocompatibility, promoted macrophage polarization towards M2 phenotype, and showed desirable antibacterial activity. In vivo, this hydrogel accelerated the wound regeneration process by reducing bacterial burden, increasing collagen deposition, stimulating angiogenesis, promoting macrophage polarization to M2 direction, and shifting the balance of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells towards anti-inflammatory regulatory T (Treg) cells. This work revealed the potential immunomodulatory effect of CS-based wound dressings and thus may provide a novel target for developing efficient wound healing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yonggan Yan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Qianyu Liang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Baojin Ma
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Jinlong Shao
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Manjusha V, Rajeev MR, Anirudhan TS. Magnetic nanoparticle embedded chitosan-based polymeric network for the hydrophobic drug delivery of paclitaxel. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123900. [PMID: 36870643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Safe delivery of hydrophobic drugs to the tumor site is a major problem for the scientific community. To improve the in vivo efficacy of hydrophobic drugs by avoiding solubility concerns and providing targeted delivery by nanoparticle, we have developed robust iron oxide nanoparticles coated chitosan with ([2- (methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride) (METAC) [CS-IONPs-METAC-PTX] as a drug carrier for the delivery of hydrophobic drug, paclitaxel (PTX). Drug carrier was characterized using various techniques like FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, DLS and VSM. Maximum drug release of 93.50 ± 2.80 % from CS-IONPs-METAC-PTX occurs at pH 5.5 in 24 h. Significantly, the nanoparticles exhibited excellent therapeutic efficacy when appraised in L929 (Fibroblast) cell lines with a good cell viability profile. CS-IONPs-METAC-PTX shows excellent cytotoxic effect in MCF-7 cell lines. In 100 μg/mL concentration, CS-IONPs-METAC-PTX formulation shows 13.46 ± 0.40 % of cell viability. Selectivity index of 2.12 indicates the highly selective and safe performance of CS-IONPs-METAC-PTX. Admirable hemocompatibility of the developed polymer material demonstrating its applicability towards drug delivery. Results of the investigation substantiate that the prepared drug carrier is a potent material for the delivery of PTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Manjusha
- Department of Chemistry, Research Centre, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Trivandrum 695 581, India
| | - M R Rajeev
- Department of Chemistry, Research Centre, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Trivandrum 695 581, India
| | - T S Anirudhan
- Department of Chemistry, Research Centre, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Trivandrum 695 581, India.
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Dhingra S, Sharma S, Saha S. Infection Resistant Surface Coatings by Polymer Brushes: Strategies to Construct and Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1364-1390. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaifali Dhingra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shivangi Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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Niesyto K, Neugebauer D. Linear Copolymers Based on Choline Ionic Liquid Carrying Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs: Influence of Anion Type on Physicochemical Properties and Drug Release. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E284. [PMID: 33396610 PMCID: PMC7795545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, drug nanocarriers were designed using linear copolymers with different contents of cholinium-based ionic liquid units, i.e., [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (TMAMA/Cl: 25, 50, and 75 mol%). The amphiphilicity of the copolymers was evaluated on the basis of their critical micelle concentration (CMC = 0.055-0.079 mg/mL), and their hydrophilicities were determined by water contact angles (WCA = 17°-46°). The chloride anions in the polymer chain were involved in ionic exchange reactions to introduce pharmaceutical anions, i.e., p-aminosalicylate (PAS-), clavulanate (CLV-), piperacillin (PIP-), and fusidate (FUS-), which are established antibacterial agents for treating lung and respiratory diseases. The exchange reaction efficiency decreased in the following order: CLV- > PAS- > PIP- >> FUS-. The hydrophilicity of the ionic drug conjugates was slightly reduced, as indicated by the increased WCA values. The major fraction of particles with sizes ~20 nm was detected in systems with at least 50% TMAMA carrying PAS or PIP. The influence of the drug character and carrier structure was also observed in the kinetic profiles of the release processes driven by the exchange with phosphate anions (0.5-6.4 μg/mL). The obtained polymer-drug ionic conjugates (especially that with PAS) are promising carriers with potential medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Neugebauer
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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Vilela C, Oliveira H, Almeida A, Silvestre AJ, Freire CS. Nanocellulose-based antifungal nanocomposites against the polymorphic fungus Candida albicans. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 217:207-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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