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Kamizela T, Kowalczyk M, Worwąg M, Wystalska K, Zabochnicka M, Kępa U. Possibilities of Managing Waste Iron Sorbent FFH after CO 2 Capture as an Element of a Circular Economy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2725. [PMID: 38893989 PMCID: PMC11173496 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
With a growing need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, innovative carbon dioxide sorbents are being sought. One of the sorbents being tested is nanoparticle ferric hydrosol (FFH). In parallel with sorbent testing, it is also necessary to test the used sorbent after carbon dioxide capture (FFHCO2) and to develop an optimal method for its processing and management. The research described in this article evaluated the potential use of FFHCO2 in dewatering, coagulation and bioleaching processes. The research results indicate that the basic strategy for dealing with waste FFHCO2 sorbent should be to minimize the amount of waste by volume reduction-dewatering. Recycling of FFHCO2 as an iron waste coagulant or its processing products by bioleaching had no technological justification. It is only proposed to recover the material-iron compounds-if it is environmentally and economically justified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Małgorzata Worwąg
- Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, J.H. Dąbrowskiego 69, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland; (T.K.); (M.K.); (K.W.); (U.K.)
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2
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Liu C, Wang X, Du S, Liang W. Synthesis of chitosan-based grafting magnetic flocculants for flocculation of kaolin suspensions. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:193-205. [PMID: 38105047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel chitosan-based magnetic flocculants FS@CTS-P(AM-DMC) was prepared by molecular structure control. The characterization results showed that FS@CTS-P(AM-DMC) had a uniform size of about 21.46 nm, featuring a typical core-shell structure, and the average coating layer thickness of CTS-P(AM-DMC) was about 5.03 nm. FS@CTS-P(AM-DMC) exhibited excellent flocculation performance for kaolin suspension, achieved 92.54% turbidity removal efficiency under dosage of 150 mg/L, pH 7.0, even at high turbidity (2000 NTU) with a removal efficiency of 96.96%. The flocculation mechanism was revealed to be dominated by charge neutralization under acidic and neutral conditions, while adsorption and bridging effects play an important role in alkaline environments. The properties of magnetic aggregates during flocculation, breakage, and regeneration were studied at different pH levels and dosages. In the process of magnetophoretic, magnetic particles collide and adsorb with kaolin particles continuously due to magnetic and electrostatic attraction, transform into magnetic chain clusters, and then further form three-dimensional network magnetic aggregates that can capture free kaolin particles and other chain clusters. Particle image velocimetry confirmed the formation of eddy current of magnetic flocs and experienced three stages: acceleration, stabilization, and deceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sicong Du
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenyan Liang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Yang Y, Yang X, Chen Y, Li X, Yang Q, Li Y, Ma P, Zhang H, Xu S. Response surface optimization of sludge dewatering process: synergistic enhancement by ultrasonic, chitosan and sludge-based biochar. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:1630-1646. [PMID: 38619894 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Due to the colloidal stability, the high compressibility and the high hydration of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), it is difficult to efficiently dehydrate sludge. In order to enhance sludge dewatering, the process of ultrasonic (US) cracking, chitosan (CTS) re-flocculation and sludge-based biochar (SBB) skeleton adsorption of water-holding substances to regulate sludge dewaterability was proposed. Based on the response surface method, the prediction model of the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and sludge cake moisture content (MC) was established. The US cracking time and the dosage of CTS and SBB were optimized. The results showed that the optimal parameters of the three were 5.08 s, 10.1 mg/g dry solids (DS) and 0.477 g/g DS, respectively. Meantime, the SRF and MC were 5.4125 × 1011 m/kg and 76.8123%, which significantly improved the sludge dewaterability. According to the variance analysis, it is found that the fitting degree of SRF and MC model is good, which also confirms that there is significant interaction and synergy between US, CTS and SBB, and the contribution of CTS and SBB is greater. Moreover, the process significantly improves the sludge's calorific value and makes its combustion more durable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China; Wenzhou Engineering Institute of Pump & Value, Lanzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325105, China E-mail:
| | - Xingfeng Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yirong Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China; Wenzhou Engineering Institute of Pump & Value, Lanzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325105, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qiyong Yang
- College of Resources & Environment, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, China
| | - Yangying Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China; Wenzhou Engineering Institute of Pump & Value, Lanzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325105, China
| | - Pengjing Ma
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China; Wenzhou Engineering Institute of Pump & Value, Lanzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325105, China
| | - Huining Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Shenghui Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
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Mohamed Hatta NS, Lau SW, Chua HB, Takeo M, Sen TK, Mubarak NM, Khalid M, Zairin DA. Parametric and kinetic studies of activated sludge dewatering by cationic chitosan-like bioflocculant BF01314 produced from Citrobacter youngae. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115527. [PMID: 36822539 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial strains belonging to Citrobacter spp. were reported to produce polysaccharides consisting of N-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine like chitosan, with high flocculation activity. In this work, the flocculation dewatering performance of activated sludge conditioned by a novel cationic chitosan-like bioflocculant (BF) named BF01314, produced from Citrobacter youngae GTC 01314, was evaluated under the influences of flocculant dosage, pH, and temperature. At BF dosage as low as 0.5 kg/t DS, the sludge dewaterability was significantly enhanced in comparison to the raw (untreated) sludge, featuring well-flocculated characteristic (reduction in CST from 22.0 s to 9.4 s) and good sludge filterability with reduced resistance (reduction in SRF by one order from 7.42 × 1011 to 9.59 × 1010 m/kg) and increased compactness of sludge (increase in CSC from 15.2 to 23.2%). Besides, the BF demonstrated comparable high sludge dewatering performance within the pH range between 2 and 8, and temperature range between 25 °C and 80 °C. Comparison between the BF, the pristine chitosan and the commercial cationic copolymer MF 7861 demonstrated equivalent performance with enhanced dewaterability at the dosage between 2.0 and 3.0 kg/t DS. Besides, the BF demonstrated strong flocculation activity (>99%) when added to the sludge suspension using moderate to high flocculation speeds (100-200 rpm) with at least 3-min mixing time. The BF's reaction in sludge flocculation was best fitted with a pseudo first-order kinetic model. Electrostatic charge patching and polymer bridging mechanisms are believed to be the dominant mechanistic phenomena during the BF's sludge conditioning process (coagulation-flocculation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syahirah Mohamed Hatta
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Shiew Wei Lau
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Han Bing Chua
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Masahiro Takeo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Tushar Kanti Sen
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Danial Aminin Zairin
- Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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The Synergistic Effects of Al3+ and Chitosan on the Solid–Liquid Separation of Coal Wastewater and Their Mechanism of Action. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193970. [PMID: 36235917 PMCID: PMC9572499 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to identify an environmentally friendly and efficient flocculant that can replace polyacrylamide for the solid–liquid separation of coal wastewater. In this study, to explore whether chitosan can be used as an environmentally friendly and efficient flocculant for the solid–liquid separation of coal wastewater, AlCl3–chitosan was used to conduct flocculation–sedimentation and dewatering tests under different chitosan dosages and shear-strength conditions for the prepared coal wastewater. Focused beam reflectance was measured to dynamically monitor the number of refractory fine particles, and the settled flocs were photographed and analyzed with microscopy to explore the effect of AlCl3–chitosan on the flocculation settlement effect and floc characteristics. The synergistic mechanisms of AlCl3 and chitosan were investigated using quartz crystal dissipative microbalance and zeta potential measurement. The results showed that the addition of chitosan can significantly improve the flocculation–sedimentation and dewatering effects of coal wastewater. A reasonable dosage under a certain shear strength is conducive to the reduction of fine slime particles, which results in a compact floc structure, increases the floc size, and improves the settling effect. The synergistic effect of AlCl3–chitosan improved the electric neutralization and adsorption bridging abilities of the chitosan, and the mixed solution of AlCl3 and chitosan had stronger adsorption on the carbon surface. This study provides a new approach to the selection of flocculants for coal wastewater treatment.
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Xu R, Zou W, Wang T, Huang J, Zhang Z, Xu C. Adsorption and interaction mechanisms of Chi-g-P(AM-DMDAAC) assisted settling of kaolinite in a two-step flocculation process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151576. [PMID: 34774625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flocculation has been widely employed in treatment of mineral tailings and water management. In this study, a chitosan-graft-poly(acrylamide-dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) (Chi-g-P(AM-DMDAAC)) was synthesized in-house. The adsorption and interaction mechanisms of Chi-g-P(AM-DMDAAC) and an anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) in a two-step flocculation process of kaolinite were explored using settlement tests, zeta potential measurement, quartz crystal micro-balance with dissipation (QCM-D) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique. The type of primary flocculant was critical for the two-step flocculation process. The treatment of the kaolinite suspension using 1 mg/L of Chi-g-P(AM-DMDAAC) followed by adding 2 mg/L of APAM displayed more efficient flocculation performance. QCM-D results showed that three dissipative layers were assembled on model kaolinite surface after sequentially injecting 3.5 mg/L of Chi-g-P(AM-DMDAAC), 0.05 wt% kaolinite suspension and 2.5 mg/L of APAM. The above total adsorption amount (Δf of -64.9 Hz) was much higher than that of using the two flocculants in reverse order (Δf of -23.1 Hz). This result indicated that the adsorption layer of the positively charged Chi-g-P(AM-DMDAAC) on kaolinite surface provided active adsorption sites for APAM. Further AFM measurement confirmed that the average adhesion between the silicon tip adsorbed Chi-g-P(AM-DMDAAC) and model kaolinite surface in 2.5 mg/L APAM solution increased from 0.25 ± 0.1 nN to 4.2 ± 0.3 nN with the effective interaction range of 700 nm, which was stronger than that measured between a bare silicon tip and silica substrate in single-component-flocculant solutions. The highly efficient two-step flocculation process could be ascribed to the strong electrostatic attraction between the kaolinite and the oppositely charged Chi-g-P(AM-DMDAAC) and APAM. Findings in this study will benefit the development of environmentally friendly flocculant for mineral tailings and water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Xu
- Civil and Resource Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenjie Zou
- Civil and Resource Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Civil and Resource Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies (CaJET), Key Laboratory of High-efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Ministry of Education), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyan Xu
- Civil and Resource Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Zhou Y, Wu L, Li Y, Bai J. Analysis of synthesis structures and flocculation stability of a polyphosphate ferric sulfate solid. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Chen Y, Li X, Zizeng W, Feng L, Xie J, Lin Z, Xu Z, Liu B, Li X, Zheng H. Research on a new cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) with a cationic microblock structure and its enhanced effect on sludge condition and dewatering. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:51865-51878. [PMID: 33990923 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flocculation is one of the commonly used sludge conditioning methods in water supply plants, which can improve the sludge dewatering performance by reducing the specific resistance of sludge (SRF), decreasing the amount of sludge, and finally lowering the transportation cost and subsequent disposal cost of sludge. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop new and efficient flocculants. In this paper, the template copolymer of acryloxy trimethylammonium chloride (DAC) and acrylamide (AM) was successfully synthesized by microwave-template copolymerization (MV-TP) using sodium polyacrylate (NaPAA) as template. The template copolymer was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (1H NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that this template copolymer had obvious cationic microblock structure. In addition, the test results of association constant (KM) and polymerization kinetics showed that the MW-TP was assigned to free radical initiated polymerization and the polymerization mechanism was I Zip-up (ZIP). It confirmed the formation of cation fragment structure again. Due to its dense positive charges in this new cationic microblock structure, it greatly improved the functions of electric neutralization, electrical patching, and adsorption bridging. The cationic fragment structure in the template copolymer could help to generate large and dense floc structure and form stable drainage channels. Under external pressure, these large and compact floc structures had greater compressive resistance, which avoided deformation and blockage of drainage channels and voids. It was beneficial to reduce SRF and evidently enhanced sludge dewatering performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Chen
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No 100, Waihuan Xi Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhao Li
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No 100, Waihuan Xi Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Zizeng
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No 100, Waihuan Xi Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Feng
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No 100, Waihuan Xi Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiehong Xie
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No 100, Waihuan Xi Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeluan Lin
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No 100, Waihuan Xi Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No 100, Waihuan Xi Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingzhi Liu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No 100, Waihuan Xi Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Energy Engineering Mechanics & Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
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Zhao H, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Xie W, Zhou J, Zhong C. Preparation of a bacterial flocculant by using caprolactam as a sole substrate and its application in amoxicillin removal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 294:113026. [PMID: 34119990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High cost is one of the limiting factors in the industrial production of bioflocculant. Simultaneous preparation of bioflocculant from the contaminants in wastewater was considered as a potential approach to reduce the production cost. In this study, caprolactam was verified as sole feedstock for the growth of strain Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. phenolicus ZY-16 in batch experiments. Chemical analysis showed that the as-prepared MBF-16 consisted of heteropolysaccharides (88.3%) and peptides (9.4%). XPS result indicated the plentiful acylamino, hydroxyl and amino groups in MBF-16, which have an indispensable role in amoxicillin flocculation. The flocculation of amoxicillin can be well stimulated by Freundlich isotherm equation, and the Kf was up to 178.6524 for amoxicillin. The kinetic fitting results proved that the flocculation of amoxicillin by MBF-16 was chemisorbed. This contribution may develop a novel technology for the preparation of bacterial flocculants that can consume toxic substrates (caprolactam) and have potential applications in amoxicillin removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Zhao
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China; School of Mathematics and Economics, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Yongliang Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Weifeng Xie
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Jiangang Zhou
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China; Engineering Research Centre for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China.
| | - Chunying Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-Cancer Active Ingredients, Chemistry and Biology Science College, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430205, China.
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Jiang X, Li Y, Tang X, Jiang J, He Q, Xiong Z, Zheng H. Biopolymer-based flocculants: a review of recent technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:46934-46963. [PMID: 34263401 PMCID: PMC8279699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymer-based flocculants have become a potential substitute for inorganic coagulants and synthetic organic flocculants due to their wide natural reserves, environmental friendliness, easy natural degradation, and high material safety. In recent years, with more and more attention to clean technologies, a lot of researches on the modification and application of biopolymer-based flocculants have been carried out. The present paper reviews the latest important information about the base materials of biopolymer-based flocculants, including chitosan, starch, cellulose, and lignin etc. This review also highlights the various modification methods of these base materials according to reaction types in detail. Via the recent researches, the flocculation mechanisms of biopolymer-based flocculants, such as adsorption, bridging, charge neutralization, net trapping, and sweeping, as well as, some other special mechanisms are comprehensively summarized. This paper also focuses on the water treatment conditions, the removal efficiency, and advantages of biopolymer-based flocculants in applications. Further, this review sheds light on the future perspectives of biopolymer-based flocculants, which may make progress in the sources of base materials, modification processes, multi-function, and deepening application researches. We believe that this review can guide the further researches and developments of biopolymer-based flocculants in the future, to develop them with a higher efficiency, a lower cost, more safety, and multi-function for more diversified applications. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisen Li
- Digital Chongqing Big Data Application Development Co., Ltd, Chongqing, 400000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Zikang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.
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Schmidt B, Kowalczyk K, Zielinska B. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Hybrid Flocculants Based on Potato Starch Copolymers with Hollow Carbon Spheres. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14061498. [PMID: 33803841 PMCID: PMC8003131 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Novel carbon nanofiller-based starch-g-polyacrylamide hybrid flocculation materials (St-PAM-CS) were in situ prepared using potato starch (St), acrylamide (AM), and hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (CSs; diameters of 300–400 nm). Structures of different St-PAM-CS systems were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), laser scanning microscopy (LSM), and particle size analysis. The flocculation tests were evaluated by removing high turbidity kaolin suspension—initial absorbance 1.84. The effect of the St to AM molar ratio, doses, and content of CSs in hybrids on flocculation efficiency were examined. Satisfactory flocculation efficiency was obtained for all hybrids with 1 wt.% of the CS component. The highest reduction of the kaolin suspension absorbance (to 0.06) was observed for a 3 mL dose of the starch hybrid with the highest AM content. Additionally, St-PAM-CS showed a reduction in the sludge volume in time. The hybrids reached better flocculation efficiency in relation to the reference systems without CSs. The proposed flocculation mechanism (considering bridging, patching, and formation of hydrogen bonds) has been confirmed by the recorded results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Schmidt
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91449-4749
| | - Krzysztof Kowalczyk
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Beata Zielinska
- Department of Nanomaterials Physicochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland;
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Chen Y, Feng L, Liu B, Peng J, Chen Y, Xu C, Ren J. Study of microwave‐template initiated copolymerization peculiarity and evaluation on the coal floc distinctive behavior and flocculation performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- School of River and Ocean EngineeringChongqing Jiaotong University Chongqing China
| | - Li Feng
- School of Civil and Transportation EngineeringGuangdong University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Bingzhi Liu
- School of Civil and Transportation EngineeringGuangdong University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Junlin Peng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University Xiangtan Hunan China
| | - Yuning Chen
- School of Civil and Transportation EngineeringGuangdong University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Chuang Xu
- School of Civil and Transportation EngineeringGuangdong University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jie Ren
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco‐Environment, Ministry of EducationChongqing University Chongqing China
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Ramachandra RH, Devatha CP. Experimental investigation on sludge dewatering using granulated blast furnace slag as skeleton material. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11870-11881. [PMID: 31981030 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07614-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The highly compressible nature of sludge and the presence of colloidal particles cause difficulties in sludge dewatering. Reducing the moisture content in secondary sludge is a key factor in reducing the capital costs, operational costs, and transportation costs in wastewater management. This investigation concerned the combined utilization of quicklime and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) to improve sludge dewatering. The experimental work included the initial characterization of the sludge and granulated blast furnace slag and evaluation of the dewatering ability of the treated sludge (CST, moisture content, turbidity, zeta potential, and heavy metal and biopolymer contents). Optimization using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was carried out with various operational parameters, and the best performance was found to be at a pH of 10.2, a dose of 0.34 g/g DS, and a contact time of 14 min. A characterization study was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with EDS, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the structural features (dense), elemental composition, and the presence of different functional groups. Hence, this study concluded that the use of quicklime with granulated blast furnace slag is suitable for conditioning during sludge dewatering. Graphical abstract.
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Chao L, Wang H, Wei X, Li J, Ji C, Qi X. Design of SiO2-TiO2-P(AM-DMC) cationic composite flocculant and optimization of the flocculation process using response surface methodology. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1728301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chao
- Hebei Provincial Laboratory for Dielectric and Electrolyte Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, P. R. China
- Academy of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Haiwang Wang
- Hebei Provincial Laboratory for Dielectric and Electrolyte Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, P. R. China
- Academy of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xinfang Wei
- Hebei Provincial Laboratory for Dielectric and Electrolyte Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, P. R. China
- Academy of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Hebei Provincial Laboratory for Dielectric and Electrolyte Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, P. R. China
- Academy of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Ji
- Hebei Provincial Laboratory for Dielectric and Electrolyte Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, P. R. China
- Academy of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiwei Qi
- Hebei Provincial Laboratory for Dielectric and Electrolyte Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, P. R. China
- Academy of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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Chitosan Grafted Adsorbents for Diclofenac Pharmaceutical Compound Removal from Single-Component Aqueous Solutions and Mixtures. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11030497. [PMID: 30960481 PMCID: PMC6474128 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the synthesis of some cross-linked carboxyl-grafted chitosan derivatives to be used as selective adsorbents for diclofenac (DCF) pharmaceutical compounds from aqueous mixtures. Four different materials were synthesized using succinic anhydride (CsSUC), maleic anhydride (CsMAL), itaconic acid (CsITA), and trans-aconitic acid (CsTACON) as grafting agents. After synthesis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed before and after DCF adsorption. In addition, a complete adsorption evaluation was carried out for all materials studying some important parameters. The optimum pH was 4; the amino groups of DCF can be protonated at pH = 4 (–NH+), so this groups can easily attract the clear negatively carboxyl moieties (–COO−) of the chitosan adsorbents. The Qm for CsTACON was higher than those of the other materials, at all temperatures studied. By altering the temperature from 25 to 35 °C, an increase (16%) of Qm (from 84.56 to 98.34 mg g−1) was noted, while similar behavior was revealed after a further increase of temperature from 35 to 45 °C, improving by 5% (from 98.34 to 102.75 mg g−1). All isotherms were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Langmuir-Freundlich (L-F) models). In addition, a kinetic model was proposed taking into account not only the interactions but also the diffusivity of the molecule (DCF) into the polymeric network. The behavior of the prepared chitosan materials in simultaneously removing other compounds (synergetic or antagonistic) was also evaluated by experiments performed in mixtures. DCF presented the highest removal from the mixture in the order: CsTACON (92.8%) > CsITA (89.5%) > CsSUC (80.9%) > CsMAL (66.2%) compared to other pharmaceutical compounds (salicylic acid, ibuprofen and ketoprofen). Desorption was achieved by using different eluants (either water or organic). The highest desorption ability was found for acetone (100% for CsTACON, CsSUC, CsMAL and 77% for CsITA) for all materials.
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