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Cloisite- and bentonite-based stable nanocomposite membranes for enhancement of direct methanol fuel cell applications. Polym Bull (Berl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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2
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V PN. Influence of sulfonated SBA - 15 on fuel cell performance of sulfonated polysulfone electrolyte membranes. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221144257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prepared mesoporous SBA-15 (Santa Barbara Amorphous-15) was sulfonated and used as filler for the preparation of sulfonated polysulfone based composite electrolyte membranes. The SBA-15 and polysulfone were sulfonated using 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane and trimethylsilyl chlorosulfonate, respectively. The different weight percentages (1, 3, and 5 wt%) of sulfonated SBA-15 (SSBA-15) were used to prepare composite electrolyte membranes. Water uptake, ion exchange capacity, swelling ratio and proton conductivity of the composite membranes were studied for assessing the suitability of the electrolyte membranes for use in fuel cells. Characterization techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM and Brunauer–Emmett– Teller were used to study the physico-chemical properties of the electrolyte membranes. TEM and BET analysis showed that SBA -15 retained its mesoporous structure even after sulfonation process. The prepared membranes were then tested in an in-house built single-cell fuel cell using hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as the oxidant. The fuel cell study showed that the presence of Sulfonated SBA-15 in the polymer matrix provided additional ion exchange sites and retained water for proton transfer which resulted in higher power density of 815 mW/cm2 with SPSU + 3% SSBA-15 membrane as compared with Nafion 117®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu N V
- Department of Chemistry, Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, India
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Kang H, Luo S, Du H, Han L, Li D, Li L, Fang Q. Bio-Based Eucommia ulmoides Gum Composites with High Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050970. [PMID: 35267802 PMCID: PMC8912349 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding bio-based composites were prepared by using EUG (Eucommia ulmoides gum) with a crystalline structure as the matrix and carbon nanotube (CNT)/graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) hybrids as the conductive fillers. The morphology of the CNT/GNP hybrids in the CNT/GNP/EUG composites showed the uniform distribution of CNTs and GNPs in EUG, forming a denser filler network, which afforded improved conductivity and EMI shielding effect compared with pure EUG. Accordingly, EMI shielding effectiveness values of the CNT/GNP/EUG composites reached 42 dB in the X-band frequency range, meeting the EMI shielding requirements for commercial products. Electromagnetic waves were mainly absorbed via conduction losses, multiple reflections from interfaces and interfacial dipole relaxation losses. Moreover, the CNT/GNP/EUG composites exhibited attractive mechanical properties and high thermal stability. The combination of excellent EMI shielding performance and attractive mechanical properties render the as-prepared CNT/GNP/EUG composites attractive candidates for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Kang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (H.K.); (S.L.); (H.D.); (L.H.); (D.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Rubber Elastomer of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Sen Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (H.K.); (S.L.); (H.D.); (L.H.); (D.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Rubber Elastomer of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Hongyang Du
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (H.K.); (S.L.); (H.D.); (L.H.); (D.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Rubber Elastomer of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Lishuo Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (H.K.); (S.L.); (H.D.); (L.H.); (D.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Rubber Elastomer of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Donghan Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (H.K.); (S.L.); (H.D.); (L.H.); (D.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Rubber Elastomer of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (H.K.); (S.L.); (H.D.); (L.H.); (D.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Rubber Elastomer of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (Q.F.); Tel.: +86-189-0092-6770 (L.L.); +86-138-4010-2035 (Q.F.)
| | - Qinghong Fang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (H.K.); (S.L.); (H.D.); (L.H.); (D.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Rubber Elastomer of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (Q.F.); Tel.: +86-189-0092-6770 (L.L.); +86-138-4010-2035 (Q.F.)
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Membrane-Based Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production: A Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110810. [PMID: 34832039 PMCID: PMC8625528 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen is a zero-carbon footprint energy source with high energy density that could be the basis of future energy systems. Membrane-based water electrolysis is one means by which to produce high-purity and sustainable hydrogen. It is important that the scientific community focus on developing electrolytic hydrogen systems which match available energy sources. In this review, various types of water splitting technologies, and membrane selection for electrolyzers, are discussed. We highlight the basic principles, recent studies, and achievements in membrane-based electrolysis for hydrogen production. Previously, the Nafion™ membrane was the gold standard for PEM electrolyzers, but today, cheaper and more effective membranes are favored. In this paper, CuCl–HCl electrolysis and its operating parameters are summarized. Additionally, a summary is presented of hydrogen production by water splitting, including a discussion of the advantages, disadvantages, and efficiencies of the relevant technologies. Nonetheless, the development of cost-effective and efficient hydrogen production technologies requires a significant amount of study, especially in terms of optimizing the operation parameters affecting the hydrogen output. Therefore, herein we address the challenges, prospects, and future trends in this field of research, and make critical suggestions regarding the implementation of comprehensive membrane-based electrolytic systems.
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He S, Lu Z, Dai W, Yang K, Xue Y, Jia X, Lin J. Anchoring Water Soluble Phosphotungstic Acid by Hybrid Fillers to Construct Three-Dimensional Proton Transport Networks. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:536. [PMID: 34357185 PMCID: PMC8303771 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphotungstic acid (HPW)-filled composite proton exchange membranes possess high proton conductivity under low relative humidity (RH). However, the leaching of HPW limits their wide application. Herein, we propose a novel approach for anchoring water soluble phosphotungstic acid (HPW) by polydopamine (PDA) coated graphene oxide and halloysite nanotubes (DGO and DHNTs) in order to construct hybrid three-dimensional proton transport networks in a sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membrane. The introduction of PDA on the surfaces of the hybrid fillers could provide hydroxyl groups and secondary amine groups to anchor HPW, resulting in the uniform dispersion of HPW in the SPEEK matrix. The SPEEK/DGO/DHNTs/HPW (90/5/5/60) composite membrane exhibited higher water uptake and much better conductivity than the SPEEK membrane at low relative humidity. The best conductivity reached wass 0.062 S cm-1 for the composite membrane, which is quite stable during the water immersion test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojian He
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.H.); (Z.L.); (W.D.); (K.Y.); (X.J.)
| | - Zhongrui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.H.); (Z.L.); (W.D.); (K.Y.); (X.J.)
| | - Wenxu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.H.); (Z.L.); (W.D.); (K.Y.); (X.J.)
| | - Kangning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.H.); (Z.L.); (W.D.); (K.Y.); (X.J.)
| | - Yang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-Phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaoyang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.H.); (Z.L.); (W.D.); (K.Y.); (X.J.)
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.H.); (Z.L.); (W.D.); (K.Y.); (X.J.)
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He S, Dai W, Zhai S, Song H, Lin J. Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) composite membranes based on amino‐modified halloysite nanotubes that effectively immobilize phosphotungstic acid. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojian He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization North China Electric Power University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells North China Electric Power University Beijing China
| | - Wenxu Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells North China Electric Power University Beijing China
| | - Shaoxiong Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization North China Electric Power University Beijing China
| | - Hao Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization North China Electric Power University Beijing China
| | - Jun Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization North China Electric Power University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells North China Electric Power University Beijing China
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Junoh H, Jaafar J, Nordin NAHM, Ismail AF, Othman MHD, Rahman MA, Aziz F, Yusof N. Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Application: Perspective on Morphological Structure. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E34. [PMID: 32106509 PMCID: PMC7142913 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Membrane morphology plays a great role in determining the performance of polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs), especially for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. Membrane morphology can be divided into two types, which are dense and porous structures. Membrane fabrication methods have different configurations, including dense, thin and thick, layered, sandwiched and pore-filling membranes. All these types of membranes possess the same densely packed structural morphology, which limits the transportation of protons, even at a low methanol crossover. This paper summarizes our work on the development of PEMs with various structures and architecture that can affect the membrane's performance, in terms of microstructures and morphologies, for potential applications in DMFCs. An understanding of the transport behavior of protons and methanol within the pores' limits could give some perspective in the delivery of new porous electrolyte membranes for DMFC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazlina Junoh
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Mukhlis A. Rahman
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Farhana Aziz
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Norhaniza Yusof
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
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Sendi A, Fattoum A, Pedicini R, Carbone A. Preparation and Dielectric Investigation of Sulfonated PEEK Films for Fuel Cell Application. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x19080029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Escorihuela J, García-Bernabé A, Montero A, Andrio A, Sahuquillo Ó, Gimenez E, Compañ V. Proton Conductivity through Polybenzimidazole Composite Membranes Containing Silica Nanofiber Mats. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1182. [PMID: 31337094 PMCID: PMC6680558 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for sustainable and more efficient energy-converting devices has been the focus of researchers' efforts in the past decades. In this study, SiO2 nanofiber mats were fabricated through an electrospinning process and later functionalized using silane chemistry to introduce different polar groups -OH (neutral), -SO3H (acidic) and -NH2 (basic). The modified nanofiber mats were embedded in PBI to fabricate mixed matrix membranes. The incorporation of these nanofiber mats in the PBI matrix showed an improvement in the chemical and thermal stability of the composite membranes. Proton conduction measurements show that PBI composite membranes containing nanofiber mats with basic groups showed higher proton conductivities, reaching values as high as 4 mS·cm-1 at 200 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada (ETSII), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Abel García-Bernabé
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada (ETSII), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alvaro Montero
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada (ETSII), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Andreu Andrio
- Departament de Física Aplicada, Universitat Jaume I, 12080 Castelló, Spain
| | - Óscar Sahuquillo
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Gimenez
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Compañ
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada (ETSII), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Effect of Sulfonation Degree and PVDF Content on the Structure and Transport Properties of SPEEK/PVDF Blend Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11040676. [PMID: 31013878 PMCID: PMC6523115 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) with four different sulfonation degrees (SDs) were prepared, and mixed with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to prepare four series of SPEEK/PVDF blend membranes. The miscibility between SPEEK and PVDF was investigated by observing the micro-morphologies. The miscible blend membranes were found in the SPEEK/PVDF blend membranes in which either SPEEK had relatively low SD or consisted of low content of one component (either SPEEK or PVDF). The PVDF crystallinity was found to decrease in the SPEEK/PVDF membranes that had better blend miscibility. With the increase of PVDF content, all the blend membranes exhibited the decreased proton conductivity and methanol permeability, and the miscible blend membranes decreased more slowly than the immiscible ones.
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