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Wang X, Han L, Qu S, Feng L, Liang S, Wei C, Liu X, Dang X. New plant polyphenol-derived tannic acid-based chromium-free tanning agent for sustainable and clean leather production. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131682. [PMID: 38643914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare a new bio-based chromium-free tanning agent. The green epoxide monocase ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) was grafted with tannic acid (TA) derived from natural plant using the one-pot method to synthesize new plant polyphenol-derived tannic acid-based chromium-free tanning agents (TA-EGDE) with abundant terminal epoxides. FTIR, 1H NMR, XPS, GPC, SEM, and other analytical techniques were used to characterize tanning agents. These consequences manifested that EGDE was successfully grafted with the phenol hydroxyl group of TA. The epoxide value of TA-EGDE showed a tendency to increase and then decrease with increasing EGDE dosage, and the epoxide value of TA-EGDE-2 attained a maximum of 0.262 mol/100 g. GPC analysis showed that the formula weight of the prepared TA-EGDE was partially distributed above 5000 Da. The tanning experiment demonstrated that the shrinkage temperatures (Ts) of the TA-EGDE-tanned leathers were all higher than 81.5 °C. Compared with the traditional commercial chromium-free tanning agent (F-90, TWS), TA-EGDE-tanned leathers exhibited higher Ts and better mechanical properties. The TA-EGDE prepared in this study not only has ecological environmental protection but also provides finished leather with good moisture, heat resistance, and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechuan Wang
- Institute of Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration, Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Lei Han
- Institute of Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration, Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | | | | | - Shuang Liang
- Institute of Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration, Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Chao Wei
- Institute of Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration, Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Institute of Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration, Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xugang Dang
- Institute of Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration, Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
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Dai F, Lan K, Wang S, Chen Y, Liu H. Adsorbents prepared from epoxy-based porous materials of microcrystalline cellulose for excellent adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129477. [PMID: 38232894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
It reported a porous material prepared from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), to achieve rapid preparation of adsorbents. The porous material was characterized by several tools including 1H NMR, FTIR, XPS, and SEM. Two adsorbents were prepared and subjected to adsorption experiments. Dye adsorption experiments show that the adsorption driving is electrostatic interactions and the process is chemisorption. The maximum capacity of Microcrystalline cellulose-g-Poly (glycidyl methacrylate)-Tannins (MPT) reached 191.3 (Methylene blue), 123.7 mg g-1 (Rhodamine B), and Microcrystalline cellulose-g-Poly (glycidyl methacrylate)-Lysine (MPL) attained 425.8 (Methylene blue), 480.7 mg g-1 (Methyl orange). The results were followed the pseudo-second-order (PSO) and agreed with the Langmuir fit model. Adsorption-desorption cycling experiments further indicate that the adsorbent possesses outstanding reproducibility. At last, epoxidized bio-porous materials are positive in the preparation of dye adsorbents with critical adsorption properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; Cangzhou Institute of Tiangong University, Cangzhou 061000, China.
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Shaoteng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yiran Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Haochen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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3
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Zhang C, Geng X, Zhang X, Gnanou Y, Feng X. Alkyl Borane-Mediated Metal-Free Ring-Opening (Co)Polymerizations of Oxygenated Monomers. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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4
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Dworakowska S, Lorandi F, Gorczyński A, Matyjaszewski K. Toward Green Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Current Status and Future Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106076. [PMID: 35175001 PMCID: PMC9259732 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) have revolutionized synthetic polymer chemistry. Nowadays, RDRPs facilitate design and preparation of materials with controlled architecture, composition, and functionality. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has evolved beyond traditional polymer field, enabling synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids, bioconjugates, advanced polymers for electronics, energy, and environmentally relevant polymeric materials for broad applications in various fields. This review focuses on the relation between ATRP technology and the 12 principles of green chemistry, which are paramount guidelines in sustainable research and implementation. The green features of ATRP are presented, discussing the environmental and/or health issues and the challenges that remain to be overcome. Key discoveries and recent developments in green ATRP are highlighted, while providing a perspective for future opportunities in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Dworakowska
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyCracow University of TechnologyWarszawska 24Cracow31‐155Poland
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Padovavia Marzolo 9Padova35131Italy
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Faculty of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz UniversityUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8Poznań61‐614Poland
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Yerneni SS, Lathwal S, Cuthbert J, Kapil K, Szczepaniak G, Jeong J, Das SR, Campbell PG, Matyjaszewski K. Controlled Release of Exosomes Using Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization-Based Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1713-1722. [PMID: 35302760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are 30-200 nm sized extracellular vesicles that are increasingly recognized as potential drug delivery vehicles. However, exogenous exosomes are rapidly cleared from the blood upon intravenous delivery, which limits their therapeutic potential. Here, we report bioactive exosome-tethered poly(ethylene oxide)-based hydrogels for the localized delivery of therapeutic exosomes. Using cholesterol-modified DNA tethers, the lipid membrane of exosomes was functionalized with initiators to graft polymers in the presence of additional initiators and crosslinker using photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). This strategy of tethering exosomes within the hydrogel network allowed their controlled release over a period of 1 month, which was much longer than physically entrapped exosomes. Exosome release profile was tuned by varying the crosslinking density of the polymer network and the use of photocleavable tethers allowed stimuli-responsive release of exosomes. The therapeutic potential of the hydrogels was assessed by evaluating the osteogenic potential of bone morphogenetic protein 2-loaded exosomes on C2C12 and MC3T3-E1 cells. Thus, ATRP-based exosome-tethered hydrogels represent a tunable platform with improved efficacy and an extended-release profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saigopalakrishna S Yerneni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Engineering Research Accelerator, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,The Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Julia Cuthbert
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kriti Kapil
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jaepil Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,The Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Subha R Das
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,The Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Phil G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Engineering Research Accelerator, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Thermally Degradable Poly(n-butyl acrylate) Model Networks Prepared by PhotoATRP and Radical Trap-Assisted Atom Transfer Radical Coupling. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040713. [PMID: 35215627 PMCID: PMC8880605 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Model poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA) networks were prepared by photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP), followed by curing of polymer stars via atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC) with a nitrosobenzene radical trap. The resulting nitroxyl radical installed thermally labile alkoxyamine functional groups at the junctions of the network. The alkoxyamine crosslinks of the network were degraded back to star-like products upon exposure to temperatures above 135 °C. Characterization of the degraded products via gel permeation chromatography (GPC) confirmed the inversion of polymer topology after thermal treatment.
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Firda PBD, Malik YT, Oh JK, Wujcik EK, Jeon JW. Enhanced Chemical and Electrochemical Stability of Polyaniline-Based Layer-by-Layer Films. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172992. [PMID: 34503032 PMCID: PMC8433781 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) has been widely used as an electroactive material in various applications including sensors, electrochromic devices, solar cells, electroluminescence, and electrochemical energy storage, owing to PANI’s unique redox properties. However, the chemical and electrochemical stability of PANI-based materials is not sufficiently high to maintain the performance of devices under many practical applications. Herein, we report a route to enhancing the chemical and electrochemical stability of PANI through layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. PANI was assembled with different types of polyelectrolytes, and a comparative study between three different PANI-based layer-by-layer (LbL) films is presented here. Polyacids of different acidity and molecular structure, i.e., poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), and tannic acid (TA), were used. The effect of polyacids’ acidity on film growth, conductivity, and chemical and electrochemical stability of PANI was investigated. The results showed that the film growth of the LbL system depended on the acidic strength of the polyacids. All LbL films exhibited improved chemical and electrochemical stability compared to PANI films. The doping level of PANI was strongly affected by the type of dopants, resulting in different chemical and electrochemical properties; the strongest polyacid (PSS) can provide the highest conductivity and chemical stability of conductive PANI. However, the electrochemical stability of PANI/PAA was found to be better than all the other films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Bintang Dea Firda
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Korea; (P.B.D.F.); (Y.T.M.)
| | - Yoga Trianzar Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Korea; (P.B.D.F.); (Y.T.M.)
| | - Jun Kyun Oh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si 16890, Korea;
| | - Evan K. Wujcik
- Materials Engineering and Nanosensor [MEAN] Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA;
| | - Ju-Won Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Korea; (P.B.D.F.); (Y.T.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Muhammettursun M, Bel T, Kocacinar E, Erman E, Gul FB, Augousti A, Baydogan N. Investigation of the elastic properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Muhammettursun
- Istanbul Technical University, Energy Institute, Nuclear Researches Division, Ayazaga Campus Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Tayfun Bel
- Istanbul Technical University, Energy Institute, Nuclear Researches Division, Ayazaga Campus Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Elif Kocacinar
- Istanbul Technical University, Energy Institute, Nuclear Researches Division, Ayazaga Campus Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ecem Erman
- Istanbul Technical University, Energy Institute, Nuclear Researches Division, Ayazaga Campus Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Fuat Berke Gul
- Istanbul Technical University, Energy Institute, Nuclear Researches Division, Ayazaga Campus Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Andy Augousti
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing Kingston University London UK
| | - Nilgun Baydogan
- Istanbul Technical University, Energy Institute, Nuclear Researches Division, Ayazaga Campus Maslak Istanbul Turkey
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9
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Zaborniak I, Macior A, Chmielarz P, Caceres Najarro M, Iruthayaraj J. Lignin-based thermoresponsive macromolecules via vitamin-induced metal-free ATRP. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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10
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Zaborniak I, Macior A, Chmielarz P. Stimuli-Responsive Rifampicin-Based Macromolecules. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3843. [PMID: 32878162 PMCID: PMC7503961 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the modification of the antibiotic rifampicin by an anionic polyelectrolyte using a simplified electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (seATRP) technique to receive stimuli-responsive polymer materials. Initially, a supramolecular ATRP initiator was prepared by an esterification reaction of rifampicin hydroxyl groups with α-bromoisobutyryl bromide (BriBBr). The structure of the initiator was successfully proved by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The prepared rifampicin-based macroinitiator was electrochemically investigated among various ATRP catalytic complexes, by a series of cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements, determining the rate constants of electrochemical catalytic (EC') process. Macromolecules with rifampicin core and hydrophobic poly (n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA) and poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) side chains were synthesized in a controlled manner, receiving polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn = 1.29 and 1.58, respectively). "Smart" polymer materials sensitive to pH changes were provided by transformation of tBA into acrylic acid (AA) moieties in a facile route by acidic hydrolysis. The pH-dependent behavior of prepared macromolecules was investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) determining a hydrodynamic radius of polymers upon pH changes, followed by a control release of quercetin as a model active substance upon pH changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zaborniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Angelika Macior
- School of Engineering and Technical Sciences, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 8, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
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Cuthbert J, Balazs AC, Kowalewski T, Matyjaszewski K. STEM Gels by Controlled Radical Polymerization. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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12
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Zaborniak I, Chmielarz P, Martinez MR, Wolski K, Wang Z, Matyjaszewski K. Synthesis of high molecular weight poly(n-butyl acrylate) macromolecules via seATRP: From polymer stars to molecular bottlebrushes. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Augustine D, Hadjichristidis N, Gnanou Y, Feng X. Hydrophilic Stars, Amphiphilic Star Block Copolymers, and Miktoarm Stars with Degradable Polycarbonate Cores. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Augustine
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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Zaborniak I, Chmielarz P, Flejszar M, Surmacz K, Ostatek R. Preparation of hydrophobic tannins‐inspired polymer materials via low‐ppm ATRP methods. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zaborniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryRzeszów University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryRzeszów University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
| | - Monika Flejszar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryRzeszów University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
| | - Karolina Surmacz
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical SciencesRzeszów University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
| | - Robert Ostatek
- Spectroscopy Laboratory, Faculty of ChemistryRzeszów University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
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