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Fouad SA, Khatab ST, Teaima MH, El-Nabarawi MA, Abdelmonem R. Nanosized ethosomal dispersions for enhanced transdermal delivery of nebivolol using intradermal/transfollicular sustained reservoir: in vitro evaluation, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:40-51. [PMID: 38078863 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2294278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Nebivolol (NBV), a BCS class II anti-hypertensive drug, suffers from limited solubility and oral bioavailability. Nanosized ethosomes were adopted as an approach to solubilize and deliver NBV transdermally, as a substitute to oral route. Ethosomal dispersions were prepared employing thin film hydration method. Formulation variables were adjusted to obtain entrapment efficiency; EE > 50%, particle size; PS < 100 nm, zeta potential; ZP > ±25 mV, and polydispersity index; PDI < 0.5. The optimized ethosomal dispersion (OED) showed accepted EE 86.46 ± 0.15%, PS 73.50 ± 0.08 nm, ZP 33.75 ± 1.20 mV, and PDI 0.31 ± 0.07. It also showed enhanced cumulative amount of NBV permeated at 8 h (Q8) 71.26 ± 1.46% and 24 h (Q24) 98.18 ± 1.02%. TEM images denoted spherical vesicles with light colored lipid bi-layer and dark core. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed deeply localized intradermal and transfollicular permeation of the fluorolabelled OED (FL-OED). Nanosized FL-OED (<100 nm) can permeate through hair follicles creating a drug reservoir for enhanced systemic absorption. OED formulated into transdermal patch (OED-TP1) exhibited accepted physicochemical properties including; thickness 0.14 ± 0.01 mm, folding endurance 151 ± 0.07, surface pH 5.80 ± 0.15, drug content 98.64 ± 2.01%, mucoadhesion 8534 ± 0.03, Q8 87.61 ± 0.11%, and Q24 99.22 ± 0.24%. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies showed significantly enhanced bioavailability of OED-TP1 by 7.9 folds compared to oral Nevilob® tablets (p = 0.0002). It could be concluded that OED-TP1 can be a promising lipid nanocarrier TDDS for NBV and an efficacious alternative route of administration for hypertensive patients suffering from dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahinaze A Fouad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara T Khatab
- The General Authority for Health Insurance, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Abdelmonem
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Mendes AI, Fraga AG, Peixoto MJ, Aroso I, Longatto‐Filho A, Marques AP, Pedrosa J. Gellan gum spongy-like hydrogel-based dual antibiotic therapy for infected diabetic wounds. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10504. [PMID: 37206216 PMCID: PMC10189450 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Antibiotics are fundamental for treating DFI, although bacterial biofilm formation and associated pathophysiology can reduce their effectiveness. Additionally, antibiotics are often associated with adverse reactions. Hence, improved antibiotic therapies are required for safer and effective DFI management. On this regard, drug delivery systems (DDSs) constitute a promising strategy. We propose a gellan gum (GG)-based spongy-like hydrogel as a topical and controlled DDS of vancomycin and clindamycin, for an improved dual antibiotic therapy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in DFI. The developed DDS presents suitable features for topical application, while promoting the controlled release of both antibiotics, resulting in a significant reduction of in vitro antibiotic-associated cytotoxicity without compromising antibacterial activity. The therapeutic potential of this DDS was further corroborated in vivo, in a diabetic mouse model of MRSA-infected wounds. A single DDS administration allowed a significant bacterial burden reduction in a short period of time, without exacerbating host inflammatory response. Taken together, these results suggest that the proposed DDS represents a promising strategy for the topical treatment of DFI, potentially overcoming limitations associated with systemic antibiotic administration and minimizing the frequency of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Mendes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Alexandra Gabriel Fraga
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Maria João Peixoto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Ivo Aroso
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
| | - Adhemar Longatto‐Filho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- Molecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer HospitalBarretosSão PauloBrazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM) 14Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Alexandra Pinto Marques
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
| | - Jorge Pedrosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
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Alissa I, Nair AB, Aldhubiab B, Shah H, Shah J, Mewada V, Almuqbil RM, Jacob S. Design, Development, and Evaluation of Treprostinil Embedded Adhesive Transdermal Patch. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041226. [PMID: 37111710 PMCID: PMC10146406 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical application of treprostinil in pulmonary arterial hypertension is hampered by adverse effects caused by its high dosing frequency. The objective of this investigation was to Formulate an adhesive-type transdermal patch of treprostinil and evaluate it both in vitro and in vivo. A 32-factorial design was utilized to optimize the selected independent variables (X1: drug amount, X2: enhancer concentration) on the response variables (Y1: drug release, Y2: transdermal flux). The optimized patch was evaluated for various pharmaceutical properties, skin irritation, and pharmacokinetics in rats. Optimization results signify considerable influence (p < 0.0001) of X1 on both Y1 and Y2, as compared to X2. The optimized patch possesses higher drug content (>95%), suitable surface morphology, and an absence of drug crystallization. FTIR analysis revealed compatibility of the drug with excipients, whereas DSC thermograms indicate that the drug exists as amorphous in the patch. The adhesive properties of the prepared patch confirm adequate adhesion and painless removal, while the skin irritation study confirms its safety. A steady drug release via Fickian diffusion and greater transdermal delivery (~23.26 µg/cm2/h) substantiate the potential of the optimized patch. Transdermal therapy resulted in higher treprostinil absorption (p < 0.0001) and relative bioavailability (237%) when compared to oral administration. Overall, the results indicate that the developed drug in the adhesive patch can effectively deliver treprostinil through the skin and could be a promising treatment option for pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Alissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Aldhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiral Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arihant School of Pharmacy & BRI, Adalaj, Gandhinagar 382421, India
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India
| | - Vivek Mewada
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India
| | - Rashed M Almuqbil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman P.O. Box 4184, United Arab Emirates
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4
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Alnaim AS, Shah H, Nair AB, Mewada V, Patel S, Jacob S, Aldhubiab B, Morsy MA, Almuqbil RM, Shinu P, Shah J. Qbd-Based Approach to Optimize Niosomal Gel of Levosulpiride for Transdermal Drug Delivery. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030213. [PMID: 36975662 PMCID: PMC10048649 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor aqueous solubility besides extensive hepatic first effect significantly decreases the oral absorption of levosulpiride, which in turn minimizes its therapeutic effectiveness. Niosomes have been extensively investigated as a transdermal vesicular nanocarrier to increase the delivery of low permeable compounds into and across the skin. This research work was to design, develop and optimize levosulpiride-loaded niosomal gel and to evaluate its prospects for transdermal delivery. The Box-Behnken design was used to optimize niosomes by analyzing the impact of three factors (cholesterol; X1, Span 40; X2, and sonication time; X3) on the responses (particle size, Y1, and entrapment efficiency, Y2). Optimized formulation (NC) was incorporated into gel and evaluated for pharmaceutical properties, drug release study, ex vivo permeation, and in vivo absorption. The design experiment data suggest that all three independent variables influence both response variables significantly (p < 0.01). Pharmaceutical characteristics of NC vesicles showed the absence of drug excipient interaction, nanosize (~102.2 nm), narrow distribution (~0.218), adequate zeta potential (−49.9 mV), and spherical shape, which are suitable for transdermal therapy. The levosulpiride release rates varied significantly (p < 0.01) between niosomal gel formulation and control. Greater flux (p < 0.01) was observed with levosulpiride-loaded niosomal gel than with control gel formulation. Indeed, the drug plasma profile of niosomal gel was significantly higher (p < 0.005), with ~3 folds higher Cmax and greater bioavailability (~500% higher; p < 0.0001) than its counterpart. Overall, these findings imply that the use of an optimized niosomal gel formulation can increase the therapeutic efficacy of levosulpiride and may represent a promising alternative to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Alnaim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.S.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Hiral Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arihant School of Pharmacy & BRI, Adalaj, Gandhinagar 382421, India
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vivek Mewada
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India
| | - Smit Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arihant School of Pharmacy & BRI, Adalaj, Gandhinagar 382421, India
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bandar Aldhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Rashed M. Almuqbil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India
- Correspondence: (A.S.A.); (J.S.)
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5
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Kashiwagura Y, Hakamata A, Shirai M, Endoh A, Tanaka S, Inui N, Watanabe H, Namiki N, Uchida S. Topical Formulations of Propranolol for Infantile Hemangiomas: Characteristics of Formulations and Three Cases of Infants Administered Topical Propranolol Cream. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:277-282. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Kashiwagura
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | | | | | | | - Shimako Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Naoki Inui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Noriyuki Namiki
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Shinya Uchida
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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6
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Elkarray SM, Farid RM, Abd-Alhaseeb MM, Omran GA, Habib DA. Intranasal repaglinide-solid lipid nanoparticles integrated in situ gel outperform conventional oral route in hypoglycemic activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Parhi R, Sahoo SK, Das A. Applications of polysaccharides in topical and transdermal drug delivery: A recent update of literature. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anik Das
- GITAM Deemed to be University, India
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8
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Bhanderi M, Shah J, Gorain B, Nair AB, Jacob S, Asdaq SMB, Fattepur S, Alamri AS, Alsanie WF, Alhomrani M, Nagaraja S, Anwer MK. Optimized Rivastigmine Nanoparticles Coated with Eudragit for Intranasal Application to Brain Delivery: Evaluation and Nasal Ciliotoxicity Studies. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216291. [PMID: 34771817 PMCID: PMC8585143 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rivastigmine, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, is frequently indicated in the management of demented conditions associated with Alzheimer disease. The major hurdle of delivering this drug through the oral route is its poor bioavailability, which prompted the development of novel delivery approaches for improved efficacy. Due to numerous beneficial properties associated with nanocarriers in the drug delivery system, rivastigmine nanoparticles were fabricated to be administer through the intranasal route. During the development of the nanoparticles, preliminary optimization of processing and formulation parameters was done by the design of an experimental approach. The drug-polymer ratio, stirrer speed, and crosslinking time were fixed as independent variables, to analyze the effect on the entrapment efficiency (% EE) and in vitro drug release of the drug. The formulation (D8) obtained from 23 full factorial designs was further coated using Eudragit EPO to extend the release pattern of the entrapped drug. Furthermore, the 1:1 ratio of core to polymer depicted spherical particle size of ~175 nm, % EE of 64.83%, 97.59% cumulative drug release, and higher flux (40.39 ± 3.52 µg.h/cm2). Finally, the intranasal ciliotoxicity study on sheep nasal mucosa revealed that the exposure of developed nanoparticles was similar to the negative control group, while destruction of normal architecture was noticed in the positive control test group. Overall, from the in vitro results it could be summarized that the optimization of nanoparticles' formulation of rivastigmine for intranasal application would be retained at the application site for a prolonged duration to release the entrapped drug without producing any local toxicity at the mucosal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Bhanderi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Santosh Fattepur
- School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
| | - Abdulhakeem S Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sreeharsha Nagaraja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Nair AB, Al-Dhubiab BE, Shah J, Gorain B, Jacob S, Attimarad M, Sreeharsha N, Venugopala KN, Morsy MA. Constant Voltage Iontophoresis Technique to Deliver Terbinafine via Transungual Delivery System: Formulation Optimization Using Box-Behnken Design and In Vitro Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101692. [PMID: 34683985 PMCID: PMC8538220 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical therapy of antifungals is primarily restricted due to the low innate transport of drugs through the thick multi-layered keratinized nail plate. The objective of this investigation was to develop a gel formulation, and to optimize and evaluate the transungual delivery of terbinafine using the constant voltage iontophoresis technique. Statistical analysis was performed using Box–Behnken design to optimize the transungual delivery of terbinafine by examining crucial variables namely concentration of polyethylene glycol, voltage, and duration of application (2–6 h). Optimization data in batches (F1–F17) demonstrated that chemical enhancer, applied voltage, and application time have influenced terbinafine nail delivery. Higher ex vivo permeation and drug accumulation into the nail tissue were noticed in the optimized batch (F8) when compared with other batches (F1–F17). A greater amount of terbinafine was released across the nails when the drug was accumulated by iontophoresis than the passive counterpart. A remarkably higher zone of inhibition was observed in nails with greater drug accumulation due to iontophoresis, as compared to the passive process. The results here demonstrate that the optimized formulation with low voltage iontophoresis could be a viable and alternative tool in the transungual delivery of terbinafine, which in turn could improve the success rate of topical nail therapy in onychomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (B.E.A.-D.); (M.A.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (M.A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-536-219-868
| | - Bandar E. Al-Dhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (B.E.A.-D.); (M.A.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India;
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
- Centre for Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (B.E.A.-D.); (M.A.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (B.E.A.-D.); (M.A.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (M.A.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (B.E.A.-D.); (M.A.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (M.A.M.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (B.E.A.-D.); (M.A.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (M.A.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
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10
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Dalal R, Shah J, Gorain B, Choudhury H, Jacob S, Mehta TA, Shah H, Nair AB. Development and Optimization of Asenapine Sublingual Film Using QbD Approach. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:244. [PMID: 34608546 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Asenapine, an atypical antipsychotic agent, has been approved for the acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia and manic episodes of bipolar disorder. However, the extensive hepatic metabolism limits its oral bioavailability. Therefore, the objective of the current investigation was to develop sublingual film containing asenapine to enhance the therapeutic efficacy. Sublingual films containing asenapine were fabricated using polyethylene oxide and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose by solvent casting method. Design of experiment was used as a statistical tool to optimize the proportion of the film-forming polymers in order to establish the critical quality attributes of the drug formulation. The process was studied in detail by assessing risk of each step as well as parameters and material attributes to reduce the risk to a minimum. A control strategy was defined to ensure manufacture of films according to the target product profile by evaluation of intermediate quality attributes at the end of each process step. Results of optimized formulations showed rapid disintegration, adequate folding endurance, good percentage elongation, tensile strength, and viscosity. Besides, the results from the in vitro dissolution/ex vivo permeation studies showed rapid dissolution (100% in 6 min) and higher asenapine permeation (~ 80% in 90 min) through the sublingual epithelium. In vivo study indicates greater asenapine absorption (31.18 ± 5.01% of administered dose) within 5 min and was comparable with marketed formulation. In summary, the designing plan to develop asenapine formulation was successfully achieved with desired characteristics of the delivery tool for sublingual administration.
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11
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Malviya R, Sundram S, Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Sathasivam KV, Azad AK, Sekar M, Kumar DH, Chakravarthi S, Porwal O, Meenakshi DU, Fuloria NK. Evaluation and Characterization of Tamarind Gum Polysaccharide: The Biopolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183023. [PMID: 34577925 PMCID: PMC8467713 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers from natural sources are widely used as excipients in the formulation of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The objective of this study was to extract and further characterize the tamarind gum polysaccharide (TGP) obtained from Tamarindus indica as an excipient for biomedical applications. Double distilled water was used as a solvent for the extraction of gum while Ethyl alcohol was used as an antisolvent for the precipitation. The results of the Hausner ratio, Carr’s index and angle of repose were found to be 0.94, 6.25, and 0.14, respectively, which revealed that the powder is free-flowing with good flowability. The gum was investigated for purity by carrying out chemical tests for different phytochemical constituents and only carbohydrates were found to be present. The swelling index was found to be 87 ± 1%, which shows that TGP has good water intake capacity. The pH of the 1% gum solution was found to be neutral, approximately 6.70 ± 0.01. The ash values such as total ash, sulphated ash, acid insoluble ash, and water-soluble ash were found to be 14.00 ± 1.00%, 13.00 ± 0.05%, 14.04 ± 0.57% and 7.29 ± 0.06%, respectively. The IR spectra confirmed the presence of alcohol, amines, ketones, anhydrides groups. The contact angle was <90°, indicating favorable wetting and good spreading of liquid over the surface The scanning electron micrograph (SEM) revealed that the particle is spherical in shape and irregular. DSC analysis shows a sharp exothermic peak at 350 °C that shows its crystalline nature. The results of the evaluated properties showed that TGP has acceptable properties and can be used as a excipient to formulate dosage forms for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (R.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonali Sundram
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (R.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (N.K.F.); Tel.: +60-143034057 (S.F.); +60-164037685 (N.K.F.)
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (V.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Kathiresan V. Sathasivam
- Faculty of Applied Science, Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia;
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia;
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Darnal Hari Kumar
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University, No.3 Jalan Masjid Abu Bakar, 80100 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Srikumar Chakravarthi
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (V.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Omji Porwal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
| | | | - Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (N.K.F.); Tel.: +60-143034057 (S.F.); +60-164037685 (N.K.F.)
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12
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Nair AB, Shah J, Jacob S, Al-Dhubiab BE, Sreeharsha N, Morsy MA, Gupta S, Attimarad M, Shinu P, Venugopala KN. Experimental design, formulation and in vivo evaluation of a novel topical in situ gel system to treat ocular infections. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248857. [PMID: 33739996 PMCID: PMC7978349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ gels have been extensively explored as ocular drug delivery system to enhance bioavailability and efficacy. The objective of present study was to design, formulate and evaluate ion-activated in situ gel to enhance the ocular penetration and therapeutic performance of moxifloxacin in ophthalmic delivery. A simplex lattice design was utilized to examine the effect of various factors on experimental outcomes of the in situ gel system. The influence of polymers (independent variables) such as gellan gum (X1), sodium alginate (X2), and HPMC (X3) on gel strength, adhesive force, viscosity and drug release after 10 h (Q10) were assessed. Selected formulation (MH7) was studied for ex vivo permeation, in vivo irritation and pharmacokinetics in rabbits. Data revealed that increase in concentration of polymers led to higher gel strength, adhesive force and viscosity, however, decreases the drug release. MH7 exhibited all physicochemical properties within acceptable limits and was stable for 6 months. Release profile of moxifloxacin from MH7 was comparable to the check point batches and followed Korsmeyer-Peppas matrix diffusion-controlled mechanism. Ocular irritation study signifies that selected formulation is safe and non-irritant for ophthalmic administration. In vivo pharmacokinetics data indicates significant improvement of moxifloxacin bioavailability (p < 0.0001) from MH7, as evidenced by higher Cmax (727 ± 56 ng/ml) and greater AUC (2881 ± 108 ng h/ml), when compared with commercial eye drops (Cmax; 503 ± 85 ng/ml and AUC; 978 ± 86 ng h/ml). In conclusion, developed in situ gel system (MH7) could offers a more effective and extended ophthalmic therapy of moxifloxacin in ocular infections when compared to conventional eye drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bandar E. Al-Dhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, India
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Jacob S, Nair AB, Shah J, Sreeharsha N, Gupta S, Shinu P. Emerging Role of Hydrogels in Drug Delivery Systems, Tissue Engineering and Wound Management. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:357. [PMID: 33800402 PMCID: PMC7999964 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The popularity of hydrogels as biomaterials lies in their tunable physical properties, ability to encapsulate small molecules and macromolecular drugs, water holding capacity, flexibility, and controllable degradability. Functionalization strategies to overcome the deficiencies of conventional hydrogels and expand the role of advanced hydrogels such as DNA hydrogels are extensively discussed in this review. Different types of cross-linking techniques, materials utilized, procedures, advantages, and disadvantages covering hydrogels are tabulated. The application of hydrogels, particularly in buccal, oral, vaginal, and transdermal drug delivery systems, are described. The review also focuses on composite hydrogels with enhanced properties that are being developed to meet the diverse demand of wound dressing materials. The unique advantages of hydrogel nanoparticles in targeted and intracellular delivery of various therapeutic agents are explained. Furthermore, different types of hydrogel-based materials utilized for tissue engineering applications and fabrication of contact lens are discussed. The article also provides an overview of selected examples of commercial products launched particularly in the area of oral and ocular drug delivery systems and wound dressing materials. Hydrogels can be prepared with a wide variety of properties, achieving biostable, bioresorbable, and biodegradable polymer matrices, whose mechanical properties and degree of swelling are tailored with a specific application. These unique features give them a promising future in the fields of drug delivery systems and applied biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (N.S.)
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India;
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (N.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana 133203, India;
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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14
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Karemore MN, Bali NR. Gellan gum based gastroretentive tablets for bioavailability enhancement of cilnidipine in human volunteers. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 174:424-439. [PMID: 33539955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cilnidipine, a fourth-generation both L-and N-type calcium channel blocker (CCB) is safe and effective in lowering blood-pressure without reflex tachycardia compared to other dihydropyridine CCBs. However, its low solubility coupled with extensive first-pass metabolism results in very low oral bioavailability. Thus the study aimed to improve oral bioavailability of Cilnidipine by increasing its gastrointestinal transit-time and mucoadhesion. Gastroretentive tablets were prepared by direct-compression technique using gellan gum as hydrogel forming polymer and sodium bicarbonate as gas-generating agent. Statistical optimization was carried out by design approach which showed that gellan gum has significant impact on floating lag time, mucoadhesive strength, % drug release at 1 h and time to release 90% of drug. Drug release study revealed that optimized tablets prolonged drug release for 12 h and followed anomalous-diffusion indicating drug release is by coupling of both diffusion and erosion mechanism. Intragastric behaviour of formulation in human volunteers revealed that radio-opaque tablets remain buoyant in stomach for more than 6 h with sufficient mucoadhesion. Comparative pharmacokinetic profiling in human subjects revealed that relative bioavailability of Cilnidipine GR tablets was enhanced compared to reference tablets. Thus concluded that gastroretentive tablets to be promising strategy for improved oral bioavailability of Cilnidipine for effective treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha N Karemore
- University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahatma Jyotiba Fuley Shaikshanik Parisar, R. T. M. Nagpur University Campus, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Nikhil R Bali
- University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahatma Jyotiba Fuley Shaikshanik Parisar, R. T. M. Nagpur University Campus, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India
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15
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Vesicular Emulgel Based System for Transdermal Delivery of Insulin: Factorial Design and in Vivo Evaluation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10155341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal delivery of insulin is a great challenge due to its poor permeability through the skin. The aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the prospective of insulin loaded niosome emulgel as a noninvasive delivery system for its transdermal therapy. A 23 full-factorial design was used to optimize the insulin niosome emulgel by assessing the effect of independent variables (concentration of paraffin oil, Tween 80 and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) on dependent variables (in vitro release, viscosity and in vitro permeation). The physical characteristics of the prepared formulations were carried out by determining viscosity, particle size, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, drug release and kinetics. In vitro permeation studies were carried out using rat skin membrane. Hypoglycemic activity of prepared formulations was assessed in diabetic-induced rats. It was observed that the independent variables influenced the dependent variables. A significant difference (p < 0.05) in viscosity was noticed between the prepared gels, which in turn influenced the insulin release. The order of permeation is: insulin niosome emulgel > insulin niosome gel > insulin emulgel > insulin gel > insulin niosomes > insulin solution. The enhancement in transdermal flux in insulin niosome emulgel was 10-fold higher than the control (insulin solution). In vivo data significantly demonstrated reduction (p < 0.05) of plasma glucose level (at six hours) by insulin niosome emulgel than other formulations tested. The results suggest that the developed insulin niosome emulgel could be an efficient carrier for the transdermal delivery of insulin.
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Bali NR, Salve PS. Impact of rasagiline nanoparticles on brain targeting efficiency via gellan gum based transdermal patch: A nanotheranostic perspective for Parkinsonism. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1006-1024. [PMID: 32619667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rasagiline mesylate is used as first line agent for early management of Parkinson's disease but its water soluble nature creates hurdles to cross blood brain barrier also its low oral bioavailability and rapid elimination requires frequent dosing. Thus present study aims to prepare rasagiline mesylate-nanoparticles (RM-NPs) loaded gellan gum transdermal film for non-invasive; self-administration in elderly patients. PLGA coated RM-NPs prepared by solvent evaporation technique were incorporated into film prepared by solvent casting method. Optimized films with 1.127 g gellan gum and 1.962 % linoleic acid showed enhanced ex-vivo diffusion over a period of 72 h. Comparative pharmacokinetic study revealed increased bioavailability of rasagiline on transdermal application compared to oral route. In-vivo anti-Parkinson activity estimated by behavioural and biochemical analysis indicate reserpine to interfere with monoamine storage hence resulting in development of akinesia and PD-like symptoms in rats. Brain targeting monitored by gamma imaging showed effective brain drug uptake from transdermal film which was also supported by increased brain targeting efficiency estimated from biodistribution study. Thus, the data support efficacy of gellan gum film to target drug to brain region compared to oral route and hence can be employed as a convenient approach for long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil R Bali
- University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440 033, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Pramod S Salve
- University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440 033, Maharashtra, India
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