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Barbero CA. Functional Materials Made by Combining Hydrogels (Cross-Linked Polyacrylamides) and Conducting Polymers (Polyanilines)-A Critical Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2240. [PMID: 37242814 PMCID: PMC10221099 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels made of cross-linked polyacrlyamides (cPAM) and conducting materials made of polyanilines (PANIs) are both the most widely used materials in each category. This is due to their accessible monomers, easy synthesis and excellent properties. Therefore, the combination of these materials produces composites which show enhanced properties and also synergy between the cPAM properties (e.g., elasticity) and those of PANIs (e.g., conductivity). The most common way to produce the composites is to form the gel by radical polymerization (usually by redox initiators) then incorporate the PANIs into the network by oxidative polymerization of anilines. It is often claimed that the product is a semi-interpenetrated network (s-IPN) made of linear PANIs penetrating the cPAM network. However, there is evidence that the nanopores of the hydrogel become filled with PANIs nanoparticles, producing a composite. On the other hand, swelling the cPAM in true solutions of PANIs macromolecules renders s-IPN with different properties. Technological applications of the composites have been developed, such as photothermal (PTA)/electromechanical actuators, supercapacitors, movement/pressure sensors, etc. PTA devices rely on the absorption of electromagnetic radiation (light, microwaves, radiofrequency) by PANIs, which heats up the composite, triggering the phase transition of a thermosensitive cPAM. Therefore, the synergy of properties of both polymers is beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar A Barbero
- Research Institute for Energy Technologies and Advanced Materials (IITEMA), National University of Río Cuarto (UNRC)-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Río Cuarto 5800, Argentina
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Ye L, He X, Obeng E, Wang D, Zheng D, Shen T, Shen J, Hu R, Deng H. The CuO and AgO co-modified ZnO nanocomposites for promoting wound healing in Staphylococcus aureus infection. Mater Today Bio 2023; 18:100552. [PMID: 36819756 PMCID: PMC9936377 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial has become a common pathogen of humans owing to their drug-resistant effects and evasion of the host immune system, with their ability to form biofilm and induce severe infections, a condition which has become a primary public health concern globally. Herein, we report on CuO@AgO/ZnO NPs antibacterial activity enhanced by near-infrared (NIR) light which was effective in the elimination of Staphylococcus aureus and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The CuO@AgO/ZnO NPs under NIR significantly eradicated S. aureus and its biofilm and P. aeruginosa in vitro, and subsequently exhibited such phenomenon in vivo, eliminating bacteria and healing wound. This demonstrated the combined intrinsic antibacterial potency of the Cu and Ag components of the CuO@AgO/ZnO NPs was enhanced tremendously to achieve such outcomes in vitro and in vivo. Considering the above advantages and facile preparation methods, the CuO@AgO/ZnO NPs synthesized in this work may prove as an important antibacterial agent in bacterial-related infection therapeutics and for biomedical-related purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisong Ye
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiaojun He
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Enoch Obeng
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Danyan Wang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Dongyang Zheng
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Tianxi Shen
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jianliang Shen
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China,Corresponding author. School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Rongdang Hu
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Hui Deng
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China,Corresponding author.
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Mechanochemical Synthesis of Polyanilines and Their Nanocomposites: A Critical Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010133. [PMID: 36616492 PMCID: PMC9823481 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanochemical synthesis of polyanilines (PANIs), made by oxidative polymerization of anilines, is reviewed. First, previous knowledge of the polymerization reaction in solution is discussed to understand the effect of different parameters: oxidant/monomer ratio, added acid, oxidant, temperature and water content on the properties of the conducting polymers (molecular weight, degradation, doping/oxidation level, conductivity, and nanostructure). The work on mechanochemical polymerization (MCP) of anilines is analyzed in view of previous data in solution, and published data are critically reconsidered to clarify the interpretation of experimental results. A key factor is the production of acids during polymerization, which is often overlooked. The production of gaseous HCl during MCP of aniline hydrochloride is experimentally observed. Since some experiments involves the addition of small amounts of water, the kinetics and heat balance of the reaction with concentrated solutions were simulated. A simple experiment shows fast (<2 min) heating of the reaction mixture to the boiling point of water and temperature increments are observed during MCP in a mortar. The form and sizes of PANI nanostructures made by MCP or solution are compared. The extensive work on the production of nanocomposites by MCP of anilines together with different nanomaterials (porous clays, graphene, carbon nanotubes, metal, and oxide nanoparticles) is also described.
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Xiao Y, Wang Y, Wu X, Ma Y. Research progress on preparation methods of water-soluble polyaniline. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221131456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of polyaniline (PANI) in various fields is greatly limited by its poor solubility in water.Many methods which could elevate PANI water-soluble ability were used by researchers to expand its application range. In this paper, the research progress of the commonly used preparation methods of water-soluble PANI in recent years is reviewed. The main preparation methods of water-soluble PANI are categorized into four types including monomer modification, controlling the polymerization process, introducing water-soluble groups or substances, macromolecular reaction. They are composed of aniline derivative method, copolymerization, emulsion polymerization method, dispersion polymerization method, acid doping method, compound method, ATRP method. The principles of various methods to achieve water-solubility of PANI are introduced, the research on each preparation method reported before are introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansong Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao City, China
| | - Yanmin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao City, China
| | - Xueliang Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao City, China
| | - Yong Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao City, China
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Brush-like Polyaniline with Optical and Electroactive Properties at Neutral pH and High Temperature. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158085. [PMID: 35897666 PMCID: PMC9330365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, a brush-like polyaniline (poly(2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate)-g-polyaniline)-b-poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (BL PAni) was developed as a strategy to overcome the limited processability and dedoping above pH 4 of conventional polyaniline (PAni). For the BL PAni synthesis, RAFT polymerization (homopolymer), RAFT-mediated surfactant-free emulsion polymerization (block copolymer), and interfacial oxidative polymerization were applied to graft the PAni chains. NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies were performed to confirm the structural elucidation of the reaction pathways, while the thermal properties were analyzed by TGA and DSC. Notably, the BL PAni presents absorption throughout the visible region and up to the near-infrared, showing dedoping resistance at up to 80 °C and at a neutral pH. The absorption range of the BL PAni, block copolymer, and homopolymer were studied by UV–Vis spectroscopy in solid-state and dispersion/solution, highlighting BL PAni and poly(anilinium 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate)-b-poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PAAMP-b-PVK) due to the π-stacking between the anilinium and carbazole groups. The cyclic voltammetry confirmed the persistence of electroactivity at a pH near 7.
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Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Based Electrically Conductive Hydrogels and Their Applications. Gels 2022; 8:gels8050280. [PMID: 35621578 PMCID: PMC9142127 DOI: 10.3390/gels8050280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) based electrically conductive hydrogels (PNIPAM-ECHs) have been extensively studied in recent decades due to their thermal-responsive (leading to the volume change of hydrogels) and electrically conductive performance. The incorporation of conductive components into the PNIPAM hydrogel network makes it become conductive hydrogel, and as a result, the PNIPAM hydrogel could become sensitive to an electrical signal, greatly expanding its application. In addition, conductive components usually bring new stimuli-responsive properties of PNIPAM-based hydrogels, such as near-infrared light and stress/strain responsive properties. PNIPAM-ECHs display a wide range of applications in human motion detection, actuators, controlled drug release, wound dressings, etc. To summarize recent research advances and achievements related to PNIPAM-ECHs, this manuscript first reviews the design and structure of representative PNIPAM-ECHs according to their conductive components. Then, the applications of PNIPAM-ECHs have been classified and discussed. Finally, the remaining problems related to PNIPAM-ECHs have been summarized and a future research direction is proposed which is to fabricate PNIPAM-ECHs with integrated multifunctionality.
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Concentration Effect over Thermoresponse Derived from Organometallic Compounds of Functionalized Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide- co-dopamine Methacrylamide). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223921. [PMID: 34833220 PMCID: PMC8620241 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionalization of smart polymers is opening a new perspective in catalysis, drug carriers and biosensors, due to the fact that they can modulate the response regarding conventional devices. This smart response could be affected by the presence of organometallic complexes in terms of interactions which could affect the physical chemical properties. In this sense, the thermoresponsive behavior of copolymers based on N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) could be affected due to the presence of hydrophobic groups and concentration effect. In this work, the functionalization of a copolymer based on NIPAM and dopamine methacrylamide with different amounts of bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium (IV) dichloride was carried out. The resulting materials were characterized, showing a clear idea about the mechanism of functionalization through FTIR spectroscopy. The thermoresponsive behavior was also studied for various polymeric solutions in water by UV-vis spectroscopy and calorimetry. The hydrophobic interactions promoted by the organometallic complex could affect the transition associated with the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), specifically, the segments composed by pure NIPAM. That fact would explain the reduction of the width of the LCST-transition, contrary to what could be expected. In addition, the hydrophobicity was tested by the contact angle and also DNA interactions.
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Bisbjerg G, Brown GW, Pham KS, Kock RA, Ramos W, Patierno JA, Bautista A, Zawalick NM, Vigil V, Padrnos JD, Mathers RT, Heying MD, Costanzo PJ. Exploring polymer solubility with thermally‐responsive Diels‐Alder monomers: Revisiting the monkey's fist. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greg Bisbjerg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
| | - Ginger W. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
| | - Kimberly S. Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
| | - Ryan A. Kock
- Department of Chemistry Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - William Ramos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
| | - Jordan A. Patierno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
| | | | - Natalie M. Zawalick
- Department of Chemistry University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Viviana Vigil
- Department of Marine Science California State University Monterey Bay Marina California USA
| | - John D. Padrnos
- Department of Chemistry Penn State University New Kensington Pennsylvania USA
| | - Robert T. Mathers
- Department of Chemistry Penn State University New Kensington Pennsylvania USA
| | - Michael D. Heying
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
| | - Philip J. Costanzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
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Pickering emulsions stabilized with
PANI‐NP
. Study of the thermoresponsive behavior under heating and radiofrequency irradiation. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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10
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Li C, Li M, Ni Z, Guan Q, Blackman BRK, Saiz E. Stimuli-responsive surfaces for switchable wettability and adhesion. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210162. [PMID: 34129792 PMCID: PMC8205534 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse unique surfaces exist in nature, e.g. lotus leaf, rose petal and rice leaf. They show similar contact angles but different adhesion properties. According to the different wettability and adhesion characteristics, this review reclassifies different contact states of droplets on surfaces. Inspired by the biological surfaces, smart artificial surfaces have been developed which respond to external stimuli and consequently switch between different states. Responsive surfaces driven by various stimuli, e.g. stretching, magnetic, photo, electric, temperature, humidity and pH, are discussed. Studies reporting on either atmospheric or underwater environments are discussed. The application of tailoring surface wettability and adhesion includes microfluidics/droplet manipulation, liquid transport and harvesting, water energy harvesting and flexible smart devices. Particular attention is placed on the horizontal comparison of smart surfaces with the same stimuli. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects in this field are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City and Guilds Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ming Li
- Centre of Advanced Structural Ceramics, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Zhongshi Ni
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
| | - Qingwen Guan
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Bamber R. K. Blackman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City and Guilds Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Eduardo Saiz
- Centre of Advanced Structural Ceramics, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Abel SB, Rivarola CR, Barbero CA, Molina M. Electromagnetic radiation driving of volume changes in nanocomposites made of a thermosensitive hydrogel polymerized around conducting polymer nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:9155-9164. [PMID: 35496518 PMCID: PMC9050122 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01329c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric nanocomposites were obtained by the formation of a thermosensitive hydrogel matrix around conducting polymer (CP) nanoparticles. The CP is able to absorb electromagnetic radiation which is converted into heat and induces the phase transition of the surrounding hydrogel. The method chosen to form the hydrogel is the free radical polymerization of a copolymer (N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropano sulfonic acid (AMPS), PNIPAM-co-2% AMPS) in the presence of bisacrylamide as the crosslinker. The nanoparticles are polypyrrole nanospheres (PPy NP), polyaniline nanofibers (PANI NF), and polyaniline nanospheres (PANI NP). The morphology of the composites was studied using SEM microscopy and the percentage composition of each material was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The swelling equilibrium capacity and rate are clearly affected by the nanoparticle shape and nature. However, the nanocomposites LCST are similar to that of the matrix. Upon RF irradiation, the three nanocomposites increase the temperature and reach the LCST after 320 seconds of irradiation (320 kJ). Upon MW application, the local temperature reaches the LCST after only 30 s (21 kJ), resulting in a MW more effective than RF to drive the transition. These results demonstrate that the proposed materials are useful as a remotely driven actuator. A novel synthetic method of photothermally activated nanocomposites by in situ formation of hydrogel matrixes around dispersed conducting polymer nanoparticles is described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvestre Bongiovanni Abel
- Research Institute for Energy Technologies and Advanced Materials (IITEMA), National University of Rio Cuarto (UNRC), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) Ruta Nacional No. 36 Km 601, Agencia Postal No. 3 5800 Río Cuarto Argentina +543584676233 +543584676522
| | - Claudia R Rivarola
- Research Institute for Energy Technologies and Advanced Materials (IITEMA), National University of Rio Cuarto (UNRC), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) Ruta Nacional No. 36 Km 601, Agencia Postal No. 3 5800 Río Cuarto Argentina +543584676233 +543584676522
| | - Cesar A Barbero
- Research Institute for Energy Technologies and Advanced Materials (IITEMA), National University of Rio Cuarto (UNRC), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) Ruta Nacional No. 36 Km 601, Agencia Postal No. 3 5800 Río Cuarto Argentina +543584676233 +543584676522
| | - Maria Molina
- Research Institute for Energy Technologies and Advanced Materials (IITEMA), National University of Rio Cuarto (UNRC), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) Ruta Nacional No. 36 Km 601, Agencia Postal No. 3 5800 Río Cuarto Argentina +543584676233 +543584676522
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