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Gu W, Dong Z, Zhang A, Ma T, Hu Q, Wei J, Wang R. Functionalization of PET with carbon dots as copolymerizable flame retardants for the excellent smoke suppressants and mechanical properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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De Vos L, Van de Voorde B, Van Daele L, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Poly(alkylene terephthalate)s: From current developments in synthetic strategies towards applications. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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El-Ghazali S, Khatri M, Mehdi M, Kharaghani D, Tamada Y, Katagiri A, Kobayashi S, Kim IS. Fabrication of Poly(Ethylene-glycol 1,4-Cyclohexane Dimethylene-Isosorbide-Terephthalate) Electrospun Nanofiber Mats for Potential Infiltration of Fibroblast Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1245. [PMID: 33921307 PMCID: PMC8069266 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, bio-based electrospun nanofiber mats (ENMs) have gained substantial attention for preparing polymer-based biomaterials intended for use in cell culture. Herein, we prepared poly(ethylene-glycol 1,4-Cyclohexane dimethylene-isosorbide-terephthalate) (PEICT) ENMs using the electrospinning technique. Cell adhesion and cell viability of PEICT ENMs were checked by fibroblast cell culture. Field emission electron microscope (FE-SEM) image showed a randomly interconnected fiber network, smooth morphology, and cell adhesion on PEICT ENM. Fibroblasts were cultured in an adopted cell culturing environment on the surface of PEICT ENMs to confirm their biocompatibility and cell viability. Additionally, the chemical structure of PEICT ENM was checked under Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the results were supported by -ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy. The water contact angle (WCA) test showed the hydrophobic behavior of PEICT ENMs in parallel to good fibroblast cell adhesion. Hence, the results confirmed that PEICT ENMs can be potentially utilized as a biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia El-Ghazali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano Prefecture 386-8567, Japan;
- Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano Prefecture 386-8567, Japan;
| | - Muzamil Khatri
- Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano Prefecture 386-8567, Japan;
| | - Mujahid Mehdi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Davood Kharaghani
- Department of Calcified Tissue Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Yasushi Tamada
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Bioresource and Environmental Science, Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano Prefecture 386-8567, Japan; (Y.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Katagiri
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Bioresource and Environmental Science, Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano Prefecture 386-8567, Japan; (Y.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Shunichi Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano Prefecture 386-8567, Japan;
| | - Ick Soo Kim
- Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano Prefecture 386-8567, Japan;
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Wei L, Wang R, Zhu Z, Wang W, Wu H. Functionalization of PET with Phosphazene Grafted Graphene Oxide for Synthesis, Flammability, and Mechanism. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1470. [PMID: 33802797 PMCID: PMC8002576 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Significant improvement in the fire resistance of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) while ensuring its mechanical properties is a tremendous challenge. A novel flame retardant (GO-HCCP, graphene oxide-hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene) was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of the graphene oxide (GO) and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and then applied in PET by an in situ polymerization technique. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed a better dispersion of GO-HCCP than GO in the PET matrix. The char yield at 700 °C increased by 32.5% with the addition of GO-HCCP. Moreover, the peak heat release rate (pHRR), peak smoke produce rate (pSPR)and carbon monoxide production (COP)values significantly decreased by 26.0%, 16.7% and 37.5%, respectively, which indicates the outstanding fire and smoke suppression of GO-HCCP. In addition, the composites exhibited higher elastic modulus and tensile strength without compromising the toughness of PET matrix. These significantly reduced fire hazards properties are mainly attributed to the catalytic carbonation of HCCP and the barrier effect of GO. Thus, PET composites with good flame-retardant and mechanical properties were prepared, which provides a new strategy for further flame retardant PET preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Wei
- Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China;
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, No. A2, East Yinghua Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China; (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, No. A2, East Yinghua Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China; (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Zhiguo Zhu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, No. A2, East Yinghua Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China; (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Wenqing Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, No. A2, East Yinghua Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China; (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Hanguang Wu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, No. A2, East Yinghua Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China; (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (H.W.)
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Georgescu C, Deleanu L, Chiper Titire L, Ceoromila AC. Tribology of Polymer Blends PBT + PTFE. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040997. [PMID: 33672560 PMCID: PMC7924065 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents results on tribological characteristics for polymer blends made of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). This blend is relatively new in research as PBT has restricted processability because of its processing temperature near the degradation one. Tests were done block-on-ring tribotester, in dry regime, the variables being the PTFE concentration (0%, 5%, 10% and 15% wt) and the sliding regime parameters (load: 1, 2.5 and 5 N, the sliding speed: 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 m/s, and the sliding distance: 2500, 5000 and 7500 m). Results are encouraging as PBT as neat polymer has very good tribological characteristics in terms of friction coefficient and wear rate. SEM investigation reveals a quite uniform dispersion of PTFE drops in the PBT matrix. Either considered a composite or a blend, the mixture PBT + 15% PTFE exhibits a very good tribological behavior, the resulting material gathering both stable and low friction coefficient and a linear wear rate lower than each component when tested under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Georgescu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania;
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (L.D.); Tel.: +40-743-105-835 (L.D.)
| | - Lorena Deleanu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania;
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (L.D.); Tel.: +40-743-105-835 (L.D.)
| | - Larisa Chiper Titire
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania;
| | - Alina Cantaragiu Ceoromila
- Department of Applied Sciences, Cross-Border Faculty, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania;
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Chen C, Zhou Y, He W, Gao C, Chen X, Guo J, Wang M. Flammability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer/polypropylene composites filled with intumescent flame retardant and inorganic synergists. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Weidi He
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Chengtao Gao
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Xiaolang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Jianbing Guo
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
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Ucpinar Durmaz B, Ozturk C, Aytac A. Reduced graphene oxide reinforced
PET
/
PBT
nanocomposites: Compatibilization and characterization. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bedriye Ucpinar Durmaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty Kocaeli University Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Canan Ozturk
- Polymer Science and Technology Programme Kocaeli University Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Ayse Aytac
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty Kocaeli University Kocaeli Turkey
- Polymer Science and Technology Programme Kocaeli University Kocaeli Turkey
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Tomiak F, Schartel B, Wolf M, Drummer D. Particle Size Related Effects of Multi-Component Flame-Retardant Systems in Poly(Butadiene Terephthalate). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061315. [PMID: 32526893 PMCID: PMC7361971 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum tris-(diethylphosphinate) (AlPi) is known to have an efficient flame-retardant effect when used in poly(butadiene terephthalates) (PBT). Additionally, better flame-retardant effects can be achieved through the partial substitution of AlPi by boehmite in multi-component systems, which have been shown to be an effective synergist due to cooling effects and residue formation. Although the potential of beneficial effects is generally well known, the influence of particle sizes and behavior in synergistic compositions are still unknown. Within this paper, it is shown that the synergistic effects in flammability measured by limiting oxygen index (LOI) can vary depending on the particle size distribution used in PBT. In conducting thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements, it was observed that smaller boehmite particles result in slightly increased char yields, most probably due to increased reactivity of the metal oxides formed, and they react slightly earlier than larger boehmite particles. This leads to an earlier release of water into the system enhancing the hydrolysis of PBT. Supported by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), we propose that the later reactions of the larger boehmite particles decrease the portion of highly flammable tetrahydrofuran in the gas phase within early burning stages. Therefore, the LOI index increased by 4 vol.% when lager boehmite particles were used for the synergistic mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Tomiak
- Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Am Weichselgarten 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.W.); (D.D.)
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Dr. Mack Strasse 77, 90762 Fürth, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –Prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 11205 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Michael Wolf
- Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Am Weichselgarten 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.W.); (D.D.)
| | - Dietmar Drummer
- Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Am Weichselgarten 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.W.); (D.D.)
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Dr. Mack Strasse 77, 90762 Fürth, Germany
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