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Cai M, He X, Liu B. Revealing the Effect of the Molecular Weight Distribution on the Chain Diffusion and Crystallization Process under a Branched Trimodal Polyethylene System. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:265. [PMID: 38257063 PMCID: PMC10818820 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increasing demand for high-end materials, trimodal polyethylene (PE) has become a research hotspot in recent years due to its superior performance compared with bimodal PE. By means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we aim to expound the effect of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) on the mechanism of nucleation and crystallization of trimodal PE. The crystallization rate is faster when short-chain branching is distributed on a single backbone compared to that on two backbones. In addition, as the content of high molecular weight backbone decreases, the time required for nucleation decreases, but the crystallization rate slows down. This is because low molecular weight backbones undergo intra-chain nucleation and crystallize earlier due to the high diffusion capacity, which leads to entanglement that prevents the movement of medium or high molecular weight backbones. Furthermore, crystallized short backbones hinder the movement and crystallization of other backbones. What is more, a small increase in the high molecular weight branched backbone of trimodal PE can make the crystallinity greater than that of bimodal PE, but when the content of high molecular weight backbone is too high, the crystallinity decreases instead, because the contribution of short and medium backbones to high crystallinity is greater than that of long backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China;
| | - Xuelian He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China;
| | - Boping Liu
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Cai M, He X, Liu Z, Liu B. Unraveling the influential mechanism of short-chain branching on the crystallization of trimodal polyethylene by molecular dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37376922 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00664f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Trimodal polyethylene (PE) has become the focus of research in recent years due to its excellent performance. By means of molecular dynamics simulations, we aim to expound the molecular mechanism of short-chain branching (SCB) in the nucleation process, crystallization process and chain entanglement of trimodal PE. In this study, a series of polyethylene models including different short-chain branching concentrations (SCBCs), short-chain branching lengths (SCBLs), and short-chain branching distributions (SCBDs) were considered. The increase of SCBCs greatly reduces the ability of flipping and movement of PE chains, resulting in more time for nucleation and crystallization and a significant reduction of crystallinity. In contrast, an increase in the SCBL only slightly slows down the diffusion rate of the chain, which leads to a little increase in crystallization time. Most important of all, in the study of SCBD, we find that the distribution of SCBs on a high molecular weight chain, which is the characteristic of trimodal PE, is conducive to the chain entanglement and prevents the occurrence of micro phase separation compared with the case where the SCBs are distributed on a medium molecular weight chain. The mechanism of chain entanglement is proposed to explain the effect of SCBs on tie chain entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Xuelian He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Boping Liu
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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3
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Cong R, Parrott A, Hollis C, Cheatham M, Hill T, Bailey K, Zhou Z, Bautista J, Balding P, Fan J. Quantification of Chemical Composition Distribution of Polyolefin Materials for Improved Accuracy and Speed. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongjuan Cong
- Performance Plastics Characterization & Testing, The Dow Chemical Company, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Albert Parrott
- Performance Plastics Characterization & Testing, The Dow Chemical Company, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Cherry Hollis
- Performance Plastics Characterization & Testing, The Dow Chemical Company, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Michael Cheatham
- Performance Plastics Characterization & Testing, The Dow Chemical Company, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Tim Hill
- Performance Plastics Characterization & Testing, The Dow Chemical Company, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Kimberly Bailey
- Performance Plastics Characterization & Testing, The Dow Chemical Company, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Performance Plastics Characterization & Testing, The Dow Chemical Company, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Judith Bautista
- Performance Plastics Characterization & Testing, The Dow Chemical Company, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Paul Balding
- Performance Plastics Characterization & Testing, The Dow Chemical Company, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Jingwei Fan
- Performance Plastics Characterization & Testing, The Dow Chemical Company, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
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4
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Fall WS, Baschnagel J, Lhost O, Meyer H. Role of Short Chain Branching in Crystalline Model Polyethylenes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William S. Fall
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Jörg Baschnagel
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Lhost
- Total Research & Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle Feluy C, B-7181 Seneffe, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Meyer
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Jiang S, Lu Y, Luo C. State Transitions and Crystalline Structures of a Single Polyethylene Chain: MD Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:964-975. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230 026, P. R. China
| | - Yuyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230 026, P. R. China
| | - Chuanfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230 026, P. R. China
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6
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Cao Y, Zhao L, Wang J, Shao Y, He X. Molecular dynamics simulation of extension-induced crystallization of branched bimodal HDPE: Unraveling the effects of short-chain branches. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19862-19871. [PMID: 34525133 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01067k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bimodal HDPE models were designed for extension-induced crystallization imitating the architecture of industrial bimodal HDPE copolymerized with ethylene and 1-butene, 1-hexene, or 1-octene. Crystallites of bimodal HDPE experienced the emergence of precursors, shish nuclei, and lamellae. The compact conformation of branched polymers impeded the rolling-over, deposition, and folding of chains on the substrate, and thus the formation of nuclei and lamella. Moreover, this retardation was intensified with the rising branch density and length, causing a depression of crystallinity and an increment of tie-chains concentration. Besides, when branches were all located on long chains, the compact conformation enlarged the resistance to the disentanglement of main chains, thus relatively fewer branched long chains were involved in the precursors or nuclei, resulting in the attenuation of lamella formation. Furthermore, for ethyl branched polymers, the coexistent orthorhombic and monoclinic crystallites were built up, and a few expanded monoclinic cells occurred for butyl branches because of the larger butyl reeling into lamella, while hexagonal crystals were created for ethyl/1-hexyl copolymers because of cocrystallization. Additionally, relative to ethyl, larger butyl and hexyl were preferential to be repelled outside crystals to form tie-chains, and hexyl branched polymers acquired relatively fewer tie-chains because of hexagonal eutectoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Material Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Li Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Material Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jieqi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Material Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yunqi Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Material Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xuelian He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Material Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Yu Y, Yang B, Pan Y, Jia N, Wang S, Yang Y, Zheng Z, Su L, Miao J, Qian J, Xia R, Shi Y. Understanding thermal and rheological behaviors of bimodal polymethyl methacrylate (BPMMA) fabricated via solution blending. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2021-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work, a series of bimodal polymethyl methacrylate (BPMMA) was fabricated via solution-blending two neat PMMA resins. Rheology, DMTA, thermal infrared imager measurements were used in an attempt to probe the internal structure of the as-prepared BPMMA. It was demonstrated that the thermorheological behavior of the BPMMA was heavily dependent on shear rate, temperature as well as blending ratio. In addition, a typical “V-shaped” response, namely, a dip in storage modulus (G′) followed by an upturn in the plot of G′ versus measuring temperature for D4 (with lower weight-average molecular weight) was observed, characteristic of occurrence of thermorheological complexity. Our experimental results of physical–mechanical testings suggested that the BPMMA had better comprehensive properties than those of their neat PMMA counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangnan Yu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province , Institute of High Performance Rubber Materials & Products, Anhui University , Hefei , 230601 , Anhui , China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province , Institute of High Performance Rubber Materials & Products, Anhui University , Hefei , 230601 , Anhui , China
| | - Yang Pan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province , Institute of High Performance Rubber Materials & Products, Anhui University , Hefei , 230601 , Anhui , China
| | - Ning Jia
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province , Institute of High Performance Rubber Materials & Products, Anhui University , Hefei , 230601 , Anhui , China
| | - Shun Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province , Institute of High Performance Rubber Materials & Products, Anhui University , Hefei , 230601 , Anhui , China
| | - Yingdong Yang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province , Institute of High Performance Rubber Materials & Products, Anhui University , Hefei , 230601 , Anhui , China
| | - Zhengzhi Zheng
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province , Institute of High Performance Rubber Materials & Products, Anhui University , Hefei , 230601 , Anhui , China
| | - Lifen Su
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province , Institute of High Performance Rubber Materials & Products, Anhui University , Hefei , 230601 , Anhui , China
| | - Jibin Miao
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province , Institute of High Performance Rubber Materials & Products, Anhui University , Hefei , 230601 , Anhui , China
| | - Jiasheng Qian
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province , Institute of High Performance Rubber Materials & Products, Anhui University , Hefei , 230601 , Anhui , China
| | - Ru Xia
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province , Institute of High Performance Rubber Materials & Products, Anhui University , Hefei , 230601 , Anhui , China
| | - You Shi
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610065 , Sichuan , China
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Hall KW, Percec S, Shinoda W, Klein ML. Chain-End Modification: A Starting Point for Controlling Polymer Crystal Nucleation. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Wm. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Simona Percec
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Wataru Shinoda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Michael L. Klein
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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9
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Hall KW, Percec S, Shinoda W, Klein ML. Property Decoupling across the Embryonic Nucleus-Melt Interface during Polymer Crystal Nucleation. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4793-4804. [PMID: 32413263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c01972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spatial distributions are presented that quantitatively capture how polymer properties (e.g., segment alignment, density, and potential energy) vary with distance from nascent polymer crystals (nuclei) in prototypical polyethylene melts. It is revealed that the spatial extent of nuclei and their interfaces is metric-dependent as is the extent to which nucleus interiors are solid-like. As distance from a nucleus increases, some properties, such as density, decay to melt-like behavior more rapidly than polymer segment alignment, indicating that a polymer nucleus resides in a nematic-like droplet. This nematic-like droplet region coincides with enhanced formation of ordered polymer segments that are not part of the nucleus. It is more favorable to find nonconstituent ordered polymer segments near a nucleus than in the surrounding metastable melt, pointing to the possibility of one nucleus inducing the formation of other nuclei. In this vein, there is also a second region of enhanced ordering that lies along the nematic director of a nucleus, but beyond its nematic droplet and fold regions. These results indicate that crystal stacking, a key characteristic of lamellae in semicrystalline polymeric materials, begins to emerge during the earliest stages of polymer crystallization (i.e., crystal nucleation). More generally, the findings of this study provide a conceptual bridge between polymer crystal nucleation under nonflow and flow conditions and are used to rationalize previous results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Wm Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States.,Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Simona Percec
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Wataru Shinoda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Michael L Klein
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States.,Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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