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Ji Y, Han S, Chen Z, Wu H, Guo S, Yan N, Li H, Luan T. Understanding the Role of Carbon Fiber Skeletons in Silicone Rubber-Based Ablative Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020268. [PMID: 35054675 PMCID: PMC8779416 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, silicone rubber-based ablative composites are usually enhanced by carbon fibers (CFs) to protect the case of solid rocket motors (SRMs). However, the effect of the CFs’ length on the microstructure and ablation properties of the silicone rubber-based ablative composites has been ignored. In this work, different lengths of CFs were introduced into silicone rubber-based ablative composites to explore the effect of fiber length, and ceramic layers of various morphologies were constructed after ablation. It was found that a complete and continuous skeleton in ceramic layers was formed by CFs over 3 mm in length. In addition, the oxyacetylene ablation results showed that the linear ablation rate declined from 0.233 to 0.089 mm/s, and the maximum back-face temperature decreased from 117.7 to 107.9 °C as the length of the CFs increased from 0.5 to 3 mm. This can be attributed to the fact that successive skeletons concatenated and consolidated the ceramic fillers as well as residues to form an integrated, robust, and dense ceramic layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ji
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.J.); (S.H.); (Z.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Shida Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.J.); (S.H.); (Z.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Zhiheng Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.J.); (S.H.); (Z.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Hong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.J.); (S.H.); (Z.C.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (N.Y.); Tel.: +86-028-8546-6077 (H.W.)
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.J.); (S.H.); (Z.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Ning Yan
- Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China; (H.L.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (N.Y.); Tel.: +86-028-8546-6077 (H.W.)
| | - Hongyan Li
- Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China; (H.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Tao Luan
- Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China; (H.L.); (T.L.)
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Amado JCQ, Ross PG, Sanches NB, Pinto JRA, Dutra JCN. Evaluation of elastomeric heat shielding materials as insulators for solid propellant rocket motors: A short review. OPEN CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis review addresses a comparison, based on the literature, among nitrile rubber (NBR), ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer rubber (EPDM), and polyurethane (PU) elastomeric heat shielding materials (EHSM). Currently, these are utilized for the insulation of rocket engines to prevent catastrophic breakdown if combustion gases from propellant reaches the motor case. The objective of this review is to evaluate the performance of PU–EHSM, NBR–EHSM, and EPDM–EHSM as insulators, the latter being the current state of the art in solid rocket motor (SRM) internal insulation. From our review, PU–EHSM emerged as an alternative to EPDM–EHSM because of their easier processability and compatibility with composite propellant. With the appropriate reinforcement and concentration in the rubber, they could replace EPDM in certain applications such as rocket motors filled with composite propellant. A critical assessment and future trends are included. Rubber composites novelties as EHSM employs specialty fillers, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS), nanofibers, nanoparticles, and high-performance engineering polymers such as polyetherimide and polyphosphazenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Carlos Quagliano Amado
- Applied Chemistry Department, Institute for Scientific and Technical Research for the Defense (CITEDEF), Ave. JB de La Salle 4397 B1603ALO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Germán Ross
- Applied Chemistry Department, Institute for Scientific and Technical Research for the Defense (CITEDEF), Ave. JB de La Salle 4397 B1603ALO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natália Beck Sanches
- Coordenação de cursos, Universidade Guarulhos (UNG), R. Eng. Prestes Maia, 88 – Centro, CEP 07023-070, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Ribeiro Aguiar Pinto
- Instituto de Aeronáutica e Espaço (IAE), Divisão de Produção de Motores (APM), Estrada municipal LúciaMarcondes, km 4,5, Varadouro, 12315-020, Jacareí, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Carlos Narciso Dutra
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA), Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, 50, Vila das Acácias, CEP 12228-900, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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Huang R, Yao J, Mu Q, Peng D, Zhao H, Yang Z. Study on the Synthesis and Thermal Stability of Silicone Resin Containing Trifluorovinyl Ether Groups. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102284. [PMID: 33028035 PMCID: PMC7601899 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicone resin is a high-temperature resistant material with excellent performance. The improvement of its thermal stability has always been the pursuit of researchers. In this paper, a sequence of silicone resins containing trifluorovinyl ether groups were prepared by the co-hydrolysis-polycondensation of methyl alkoxysilane monomers and {4-[trifluorovinyl(oxygen)]phenyl}methyldiethoxysilane. The structures of the silicone resins were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The curing process of them was studied by DSC and FT-IR spectra, and results showed that the curing of the resins included the condensation of the Si-OH groups and the [2 + 2] cyclodimerization reaction of the TFVE groups, which converted to perfluorocyclobutane structure after curing. The thermal stability and thermal degradation behavior of them was studied by TGA and FT-IR spectra. Compared with the pure methyl silicone resin, silicone resins containing TFVE groups showed better thermal stability under both N2 and air atmosphere. Their hydrophobic properties were characterized by contact angle test. Results showed that PFCB structure also improved the hydrophobicity of the silicone resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (R.H.); (J.Y.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (H.Z.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Silicone-Containing Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jinshui Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (R.H.); (J.Y.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (H.Z.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Silicone-Containing Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qiuhong Mu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (R.H.); (J.Y.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (H.Z.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Silicone-Containing Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dan Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (R.H.); (J.Y.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (H.Z.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Silicone-Containing Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (R.H.); (J.Y.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (H.Z.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Silicone-Containing Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhizhou Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (R.H.); (J.Y.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (H.Z.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Silicone-Containing Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- Correspondence:
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