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Leburu E, Qiao Y, Wang Y, Yang J, Liang S, Yu W, Yuan S, Duan H, Huang L, Hu J, Hou H. Flexible electronics for heavy metal ion detection in water: a comprehensive review. Biomed Microdevices 2024; 26:30. [PMID: 38913209 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-024-00710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Flexible electronics offer a versatile, rapid, cost-effective and portable solution to monitor water contamination, which poses serious threat to the environment and human health. This review paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the versatile platforms of flexible electronics in the context of heavy metal ion detection in water systems. The review overviews of the fundamental principles of heavy metal ion detection, surveys the state-of-the-art materials and fabrication techniques for flexible sensors, analyses key performance metrics and limitations, and discusses future opportunities and challenges. By highlighting recent advances in nanomaterials, polymers, wireless integration, and sustainability, this review aims to serve as an essential resource for researchers, engineers, and policy makers seeking to address the critical challenge of heavy metal contamination in water resources. The versatile promise of flexible electronics is thoroughly elucidated to inspire continued innovation in this emerging technology arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ely Leburu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuting Qiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanshen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiakuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science of and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Sha Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shushan Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huabo Duan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Liang Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jingping Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science of and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.
| | - Huijie Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Kirshanov K, Toms R, Aliev G, Naumova A, Melnikov P, Gervald A. Recent Developments and Perspectives of Recycled Poly(ethylene terephthalate)-Based Membranes: A Review. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12111105. [PMID: 36363660 PMCID: PMC9699556 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Post-consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste disposal is an important task of modern industry, and the development of new PET-based value added products and methods for their production is one of the ways to solve it. Membranes for various purposes, in this regard are such products. The aim of the review, on the one hand, is to systematize the known methods of processing PET and copolyesters, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages and, on the other hand, to show what valuable membrane products could be obtained, and in what areas of the economy they can be used. Among the various approaches to the processing of PET waste, we single out chemical methods as having the greatest promise. They are divided into two large categories: (1) aimed at obtaining polyethylene terephthalate, similar in properties to the primary one, and (2) aimed at obtaining copolyesters. It is shown that among the former, glycolysis has the greatest potential, and among the latter, destruction followed by copolycondensation and interchain exchange with other polyesters, have the greatest prospects. Next, the key technologies for obtaining membranes, based on polyethylene terephthalate and copolyesters are considered: (1) ion track technology, (2) electrospinning, and (3) non-solvent induced phase separation. The methods for the additional modification of membranes to impart hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, selective transmission of various substances, and other properties are also given. In each case, examples of the use are considered, including gas purification, water filtration, medical and food industry use, analytical and others. Promising directions for further research are highlighted, both in obtaining recycled PET-based materials, and in post-processing and modification methods.
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Russakova AV, Altynbaeva LS, Barsbay M, Zheltov DA, Zdorovets MV, Mashentseva AA. Kinetic and Isotherm Study of As(III) Removal from Aqueous Solution by PET Track-Etched Membranes Loaded with Copper Microtubes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:116. [PMID: 33562130 PMCID: PMC7914724 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on the synthesis and structure elucidation of track-etched membranes (TeMs) with electrolessly deposited copper microtubes (prepared in etched-only and oxidized polyethylene terephthalate (PET) TeMs), as well as on the comparative testing of arsenic (III) ion removal capacities through bath adsorption experiments. The structure and composition of composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction technique and scanning electron and atomic force microscopies. It was determined that adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the adsorption rate constants were calculated. A comparative study of the applicability of the adsorption models of Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich was carried out in order to describe the experimental isotherms of the prepared composite TeMs. The constants and parameters of all of the above equations were determined. By comparing the regression coefficients R2, it was shown that the Freundlich model describes the experimental data on the adsorption of arsenic through the studied samples better than others. Free energy of As(III) adsorption on the samples was determined using the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model and was found to be 17.2 and 31.6 kJ/mol for Cu/PET and Cu/Ox_PET samples, respectively. The high EDr value observed for the Cu/Ox_PET composite indicates that the interaction between the adsorbate and the composite is based on chemisorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyona V. Russakova
- The School of Information Technologies and Intelligent Systems, D.Serikbayev East Kazakhstan State Technical University, 070004 Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan;
| | - Liliya Sh. Altynbaeva
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 050032 Almaty, Kazakhstan; (L.S.A.); (D.A.Z.); (M.V.Z.)
- Department of Chemistry, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Murat Barsbay
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Dmitriy A. Zheltov
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 050032 Almaty, Kazakhstan; (L.S.A.); (D.A.Z.); (M.V.Z.)
| | - Maxim V. Zdorovets
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 050032 Almaty, Kazakhstan; (L.S.A.); (D.A.Z.); (M.V.Z.)
- Department of Intelligent Information Technologies, The Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Anastassiya A. Mashentseva
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 050032 Almaty, Kazakhstan; (L.S.A.); (D.A.Z.); (M.V.Z.)
- Department of Chemistry, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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Căprărescu S, Zgârian RG, Tihan GT, Purcar V, Eftimie Totu E, Modrogan C, Chiriac AL, Nicolae CA. Biopolymeric Membrane Enriched with Chitosan and Silver for Metallic Ions Removal. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081792. [PMID: 32785152 PMCID: PMC7464649 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The present paper synthesized, characterized, and evaluated the performance of the novel biopolymeric membrane enriched with cellulose acetate and chitosan (CHI)-silver (Ag) ions in order to remove iron ion from the synthetic wastewater using a new electrodialysis system. The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy-Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DSC), contact angle measurements, microscopy studies, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrodialysis experiments were performed at the different applied voltages (5, 10, and 15 V) for one hour, at room temperature. The treatment rate (TE) of iron ions, current efficiency (IE), and energy consumption (Wc) were calculated. FTIR-ATR spectra evidenced that incorporation of CHI-Ag ions into the polymer mixture led to a polymer-metal ion complex formation within the membrane. The TGA-DSC analysis for the obtained biopolymeric membranes showed excellent thermal stability (>350 °C). The contact angle measurements demonstrated the hydrophobic character of the polymeric membrane and a decrease of it by CHI-Ag adding. The EIS results indicated that the silver ions induced a higher ionic electrical conductivity. The highest value of the iron ions treatment rate (>60%) was obtained for the biopolymeric membrane with CHI-Ag ions at applied voltage of 15 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Căprărescu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Polizu Street No. 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Roxana Gabriela Zgârian
- Department of General Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Polizu Street No. 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Graţiela Teodora Tihan
- Department of General Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Polizu Street No. 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Violeta Purcar
- The National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei No. 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (V.P.); (A.-L.C.); (C.A.N.)
| | - Eugenia Eftimie Totu
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Polizu Street No. 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.E.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Modrogan
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Polizu Street No. 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.E.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Anita-Laura Chiriac
- The National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei No. 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (V.P.); (A.-L.C.); (C.A.N.)
| | - Cristian Andi Nicolae
- The National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei No. 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (V.P.); (A.-L.C.); (C.A.N.)
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Zhao Z, Wu Y, Wang K, Xia Y, Gao H, Luo K, Cao Z, Qi J. Effect of the Trifunctional Chain Extender on Intrinsic Viscosity, Crystallization Behavior, and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate). ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19247-19254. [PMID: 32775928 PMCID: PMC7409260 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) chain-extending products with different molecular weights were prepared by reactive extrusion using isocyanate trimer (C-HK) as the trifunctional chain extender. The effect of the chain extender C-HK on the intrinsic viscosity, melt flow property, crystallization behavior, crystallization morphology, and mechanical property of PET was investigated. The results showed that when the content of the chain extender was increased from 0.6 to 1.4 wt%, the viscosity average molecular weight of PET was effectively increased from 2.36 × 104 to 5.46 × 104 g·mol-1. After the chain extending, the crystallinity and the time of semicrystallization of PET were significantly decreased. After the isothermal crystallization at 220 °C for 5 min, the spherulites formed by pure PET became larger. With the increase in molecular weight of PET after chain extension, its spherulite size was significantly decreased without changing the crystalline structure. The chain-extended PET also exhibited more excellent bending-resistant and impact-resistant properties. While the tensile strength of PET after chain extension was slightly decreased, the bending strength was increased by a maximum value of 56.8%, and the impact strength was increased by a maximum value of five times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhao
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation
Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
- Institute
of New Energy on Chemical Storage and Power Sources, College of Applied
Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224000, China
- Key
Laboratory of High Performance Fibers and Products, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R.
China
| | - Yinqiu Wu
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation
Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Kailun Wang
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation
Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Yanping Xia
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation
Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Hongxin Gao
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation
Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation
Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation
Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
- Institute
of New Energy on Chemical Storage and Power Sources, College of Applied
Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224000, China
- Key
Laboratory of High Performance Fibers and Products, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R.
China
- ; . Tel.: +86-0519-8633-0095
| | - Juan Qi
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation
Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou College
of Industrial Technology, No.1 Xiangwang Road, Xuzhou 221140, P. R. China
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