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Hata Y, Hiruma S, Miyazaki H, Nakamura S. Sequential Approach for Water Purification Using Seashell-Derived Calcium Oxide through Disinfection and Flocculation with Polyphosphate for Chemical Pollutant Removal. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:12635-12642. [PMID: 38524416 PMCID: PMC10955710 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Safe water supply is usually inadequate in areas without water treatment plants and even in a city under emergency conditions due to a disaster, even though safe water is essential for drinking and other various purposes. The purification of surface water from a river, lake, or pond requires disinfection and removal of chemical pollutants. In this study, we report a water purification strategy using seashell-derived calcium oxide (CaO) via disinfection and subsequent flocculation with polyphosphate for chemical pollutant removal. Seashell-derived CaO at a concentration (2 g L-1) higher than its saturation concentration caused the >99.999% inactivation of bacteria, mainly due to the alkalinity of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) produced by hydration. After the disinfection, the addition of sodium polyphosphate at 2 g L-1 allowed for the flocculation of CaO/Ca(OH)2 particles with adsorbing chemical pollutants, such as Congo red, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, and polychlorinated biphenyls, for removing these pollutants; purified water was obtained through filtration. Although this purified water was initially highly alkaline (pH ∼ 12.5), its pH decreased into a weak alkaline region (pH ∼ 9) during exposure to ambient air by absorbing carbon dioxide from the air with the precipitating calcium carbonate. The advantages of this water purification strategy include the fact that the saturation of CaO/Ca(OH)2 potentially serves as a visual indicator of disinfection, that the flocculation by polyphosphate removes excessive CaO/Ca(OH)2 as well as chemical pollutants, and that the high pH and Ca2+ concentrations in the resulting purified water are readily decreased. Our findings suggest the usability of seashell-derived material-polymer assemblies for water purification, especially under emergency conditions due to disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Hata
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H121 Ookayama, Meguro-ku 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
- Division
of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense
Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa-shi 359-8513, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Hiruma
- Division
of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense
Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa-shi 359-8513, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Miyazaki
- Division
of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense
Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa-shi 359-8513, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamura
- Division
of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense
Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa-shi 359-8513, Saitama, Japan
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Hata Y, Bouda Y, Hiruma S, Miyazaki H, Nakamura S. Biofilm Degradation by Seashell-Derived Calcium Hydroxide and Hydrogen Peroxide. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3681. [PMID: 36296871 PMCID: PMC9609215 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial cells and self-produced extracellular polymeric substances assembled to form biofilms that are difficult to remove from surfaces, causing problems in various fields. Seashell-derived calcium hydroxide, a sustainable inorganic material, has shown high bactericidal activity even for biofilms due to its alkalinity. However, its biofilm removal efficacy is relatively low. Herein, we report a biofilm degradation strategy that includes two environmentally friendly reagents: seashell-derived calcium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. A biofilm model of Escherichia coli was prepared in vitro, treated with calcium hydroxide-hydrogen peroxide solutions, and semi-quantified by the crystal violet stain method. The treatment significantly improved biofilm removal efficacy compared with treatments by calcium hydroxide alone and hydrogen peroxide alone. The mechanism was elucidated from calcium hydroxide-hydrogen peroxide solutions, which suggested that perhydroxyl anion and hydroxyl radical generated from hydrogen peroxide, as well as the alkalinity of calcium hydroxide, enhanced biofilm degradation. This study showed that concurrent use of other reagents, such as hydrogen peroxide, is a promising strategy for improving the biofilm degradation activity of seashell-derived calcium hydroxide and will contribute to developing efficient biofilm removal methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Hata
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (S.N.); Tel.: +81-4-2995-1211 (Y.H. & S.N.)
| | | | | | | | - Shingo Nakamura
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (S.N.); Tel.: +81-4-2995-1211 (Y.H. & S.N.)
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Hata Y, Ishihara M, Hiruma S, Takayama T, Nakamura S, Ando N. Recent Progress in the Development of Disinfectants from Scallop Shell-Derived Calcium Oxide for Clinical and Daily Use. Biocontrol Sci 2021; 26:129-135. [PMID: 34556615 DOI: 10.4265/bio.26.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The current pandemic of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has highlighted the importance of disinfectants. As a raw material for next-generation disinfectants, scallop shell-derived calcium oxide (CaO) has been revealed to exhibit significant virucidal and microbicidal activities and is compatible with living tissues and the environment. This minireview summarizes recent progress in the development of disinfectants from scallop shell-CaO, focusing especially on studies of clinical and daily use applications. We describe the preparation, basic characteristics, and virucidal and microbicidal activities of scallop shell-CaO disinfectants. Furthermore, their applications in the disinfection of contaminated masks and the treatment of infected wounds are briefly introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Hata
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
| | - Masayuki Ishihara
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
| | - Sumiyo Hiruma
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
| | - Tomohiro Takayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Defense Medical College Hospital
| | - Shingo Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
| | - Naoko Ando
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
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Hiruma S, Hata Y, Ishihara M, Takayama T, Nakamura S, Ando N, Fukuda K, Sato Y, Murakami K, Yokoe H. Efficacy of Bioshell Calcium Oxide Water as Disinfectants to Enable Face Mask Reuse. Biocontrol Sci 2021; 26:27-35. [PMID: 33716246 DOI: 10.4265/bio.26.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Bioshell calcium oxide (BiSCaO) is derived from scallop shells and after heat treatment exhibits broad microbicidal activity. BiSCaO Water is a disinfectant prepared by collecting the aqueous layer after adding BiSCaO powder to water, is colorless and transparent, and has a pH of 12.8. We compared the utility of commercially available BiSCaO Water, ethanol, sodium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid and hydrogen peroxide solutions as sterilization agents to enable the reuse of surgical and N95 face masks. The microbicidal efficacy of each disinfectant was evaluated using pieces of surgical and N95 face masks contaminated with normal bacterial flora. The results suggest that BiSCaO Water has excellent disinfection activity toward contaminated polypropylene masks and has minimal adverse effect on the structure of non-woven masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiyo Hiruma
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College
| | - Yuuki Hata
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College
| | - Masayuki Ishihara
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College
| | - Tomohiro Takayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Defense Medical College Hospital
| | - Shingo Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College
| | - Naoko Ando
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College
| | - Koichi Fukuda
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College
| | - Yoko Sato
- Division of Statistical Analysis, Research Support Center, Shizuoka General Hospital
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Defense Medical College Hospital
| | - Hidetaka Yokoe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Defense Medical College Hospital
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Ishihara M, Hata Y, Hiruma S, Takayama T, Nakamura S, Sato Y, Ando N, Fukuda K, Murakami K, Yokoe H. Safety of Concentrated Bioshell Calcium Oxide Water Application for Surface and Skin Disinfections against Pathogenic Microbes. Molecules 2020; 25:E4502. [PMID: 33019606 PMCID: PMC7582750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immediately post-production, commercially available bioshell calcium oxide (BiSCaO) water is colorless, transparent, and strongly alkaline (pH 12.8), and is known to possess deodorizing properties and broad microbicidal activity. However, BiSCaO Water may represent a serious safety risk to the living body, given the strong alkalinity. This study aimed to investigate the safety of BiSCaO Water for use as an antiseptic/disinfectant despite concerns regarding its high alkalinity. The change over time in pH of BiSCaO Water was measured during air contact (stirring BiSCaO Water in ambient air). When sprayed on metal, plastic, wood piece, paper, and skin surfaces, the pH of BiSCaO Water decreased rapidly, providing a white powder coating upon drying. Scanning electron microscopy images, energy dispersive X-ray elemental mapping, and X-ray diffractograms showed that the dried powder residues of BiSCaO Water were composed primarily of calcium carbonate. These results suggested that BiSCaO Water is a potent reagent that may overcome the obstacles of being strongly alkaline, making this material appropriate for use in disinfection against pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ishihara
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (Y.H.); (S.H.); (S.N.); (N.A.); (K.F.)
| | - Yuuki Hata
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (Y.H.); (S.H.); (S.N.); (N.A.); (K.F.)
| | - Sumiyo Hiruma
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (Y.H.); (S.H.); (S.N.); (N.A.); (K.F.)
| | - Tomohiro Takayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Defense Medical College Hospital, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (T.T.); (K.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Shingo Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (Y.H.); (S.H.); (S.N.); (N.A.); (K.F.)
| | - Yoko Sato
- Division of Statistical Analysis, Research Support Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, 4-27-1 Kita-ando, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan;
| | - Naoko Ando
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (Y.H.); (S.H.); (S.N.); (N.A.); (K.F.)
| | - Koichi Fukuda
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (Y.H.); (S.H.); (S.N.); (N.A.); (K.F.)
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Defense Medical College Hospital, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (T.T.); (K.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hidetaka Yokoe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Defense Medical College Hospital, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (T.T.); (K.M.); (H.Y.)
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Wolny-Koładka K, Malinowski M, Żukowski W. Impact of Calcium Oxide on Hygienization and Self-Heating Prevention of Biologically Contaminated Polymer Materials. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13184012. [PMID: 32927787 PMCID: PMC7558955 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During the storage of spent polymer materials derived from municipal solid waste, which contain biodegradable impurities, an intense growth of microorganisms takes place. The aerobic metabolism of microorganisms may cause these materials to combust spontaneously and to become a real epidemiological risk for humans. The aim of the research is to determine the optimal addition of calcium oxide (CaO), which effectively reduces the number of selected microorganism groups populating the analyzed materials, in which spent polymers represent a significant fraction: refuse-derived fuel (RDF) and an undersize fraction of municipal solid waste (UFMSW). The main novelty of the experiments is to assess the benefits of using the commonly available and cheap filler (CaO), to hygienize the material and to reduce the fire hazard arising from its storage. During the mixing of spent polymer materials with pulverized CaO (mass shares: 1, 2, and 5% CaO), temperature changes were monitored using thermography. Moisture content (MC), pH, respiration activity (AT4) and bacterial count were determined before and after the experiment. During the addition of CaO (especially when the content was at 5%) to the UFMSW, higher maximum temperatures were obtained than in the case of RDF analyses, which may be the result of a high percentage of the biodegradable fraction and higher MC of the UFMSW. In all cases the waste temperature did not increase again after 3 min. CaO used in the experiment effectively limited the number of microorganisms. The addition of 5% of CaO has showed the strongest antimicrobial properties, and it can be recommended for hygienization of the analyzed materials and for the reduction of the risk of self-heating during their storage in windrows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wolny-Koładka
- Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Mateusz Malinowski
- Department of Bioprocesses Engineering, Energetics and Automatization. Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Balicka 116b, 30-149 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Witold Żukowski
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland;
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Bioshell Calcium Oxide-Containing Liquids as a Sanitizer for the Reduction of Histamine Production in Raw Japanese Pilchard, Japanese Horse Mackerel, and Chub Mackerel. Foods 2020; 9:foods9070964. [PMID: 32708249 PMCID: PMC7404465 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increase in the number of food poisoning cases associated with histamine in food, mainly in relation to histamine in fish. Here, we investigated methods to decrease histamine levels in Japanese pilchard, Japanese horse mackerel, and chub Mackerel, stored at 10 °C using various concentrations of heated scallop bioshell calcium oxide (BiSCaO) suspension, dispersion (BiSCaO + Na2HPO4), colloidal dispersion (BiSCaO + NapolyPO4), scallop shell powder (SSP) Ca(OH)2 in pure water (PW) or saline, and BiSCaO water. BiSCaO in a high alkaline pH solution chemically decomposes histamine poorly, but the partial flocculation/precipitation of histamine was observed with 1 and 0.2 wt.% BiSCaO dispersion and BiSCaO colloidal dispersion, respectively. Cleaning fish samples with BiSCaO suspension, dispersion, colloidal dispersion, or BiSCaO water remarkably reduced histamine levels and normal bacterial flora (coliform bacteria (CF) and total viable bacterial cells (TC)) after storage for four days at 10 °C, while much higher histamine levels were observed after cleaning with saline. These results suggest that cleaning fish with BiSCaO dispersion, colloidal dispersion, or BiSCaO water can significantly reduce histamine levels through their bactericidal activity against histamine-producing bacteria.
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Concentrated Bioshell Calcium Oxide (BiSCaO) Water Kills Pathogenic Microbes: Characterization and Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133001. [PMID: 32630051 PMCID: PMC7412244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioshell calcium oxide (BiSCaO) exhibits deodorizing properties and broad microbicidal activity. In this study, we examined possible utility of BiSCaO Water for that purpose. BiSCaO Water was prepared by adding 10 wt% BiSCaO to clean water and gently collecting the supernatant in a bottle. The same volume of clean water was gently poured onto the BiSCaO precipitate and the supernatant was gently collected in a bottle; this process was repeated fifty times. The produced BiSCaO Water contained nanoparticles (about 400-800 nm) composed of smaller nanoparticles (100-200 nm), and was colorless and transparent, with a pH > 12.7. In vitro assays demonstrated that BiSCaO Water eliminated more than 99.9% of influenza A (H1N1) and Feline calicivirus, Escherichia coli such as NBRC 3972 and O-157:H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus within 15 min. We compared BiSCaO Water with the other microbicidal reagents such as ethanol, BiSCaO, BiSCa(OH)2 suspensions, povidone iodine, NaClO, BiSCaO dispersion and colloidal dispersion with respect to deodorization activity and microbicidal efficacy. The results showed that BiSCaO Water was a potent reagent with excellent deodorization and disinfection activities against pathogenic bacteria and viruses (including both enveloped and nonenveloped viruses).
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Takayama T, Ishihara M, Nakamura S, Sato Y, Hiruma S, Fukuda K, Murakami K, Yokoe H. Bioshell Calcium Oxide (BiSCaO) Ointment for the Disinfection and Healing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Infected Wounds in Hairless Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4176. [PMID: 32545309 PMCID: PMC7312885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioshell calcium oxide (BiSCaO) possesses deodorizing properties and broad microbicidal activity. This study aimed to investigate the application of BiSCaO ointment for the prevention and treatment of infection in chronic wounds in healing-impaired patients, without delaying wound healing. The bactericidal activities of 0.04, 0.2, 1, and 5 wt% BiSCaO ointment, 3 wt% povidone iodine ointment, and control (ointment only) were compared to evaluate the in vivo disinfection and healing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected wounds in hairless rats. Treatment of the infected wounds with 0.2 wt% BiSCaO ointment daily for 3 days significantly enhanced wound healing and reduced the in vivo bacterial counts compared with povidone iodine ointment and control (no wound cleaning). Although 5 wt% BiSCaO ointment provided the lowest bacterial counts during 3 days' treatment, it delayed wound healing. Histological examinations showed significantly advanced granulation tissue and capillary formation in wounds treated with 0.2 wt% BiSCaO ointment for 3 days compared to wounds treated with the other ointments. This study suggested that using 0.2 wt% BiSCaO ointment as a disinfectant for infected wounds and limiting disinfection to 3 days may be sufficient to avoid the negative effects of BiSCaO on wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Takayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (K.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Masayuki Ishihara
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (M.I.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (K.F.)
| | - Shingo Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (M.I.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (K.F.)
| | - Yoko Sato
- Division of Statistical Analysis, Research Support Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, 4-27-1 Kita-ando, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan;
| | - Sumiyo Hiruma
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (M.I.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (K.F.)
| | - Koichi Fukuda
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (M.I.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (K.F.)
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (K.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hidetaka Yokoe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (K.M.); (H.Y.)
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