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Lian M, Zhao F, Liu J, Tong F, Meng L, Yang Y, Zheng F. The Pivotal Role of Benzimidazole in Improving the Thermal and Dielectric Performance of Upilex-Type Polyimide. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102343. [PMID: 37242916 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyimide (PI) with ultra-high thermal resistance and stability is essential for application as a flexible substrate in electronic devices. Here, the Upilex-type polyimides, which contained flexibly "twisted" 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA), have achieved various performance improvements via copolymerization with a diamine containing benzimidazole structure. With the rigid benzimidazole-based diamine bearing conjugated heterocyclic moieties and hydrogen bond donors fused into the PI backbone, the benzimidazole-containing PI showed outstanding thermal, mechanical, and dielectric performance. Specifically, the PI containing 50% bis-benzimidazole diamine achieved a 5% decomposition temperature at 554 °C, an excellent high glass transition temperature of 448 °C, and a coefficient of thermal expansion lowered to 16.1 ppm/K. Meanwhile, the tensile strength and modulus of the PI films containing 50% mono-benzimidazole diamine increased to 148.6 MPa and 4.1 GPa, respectively. Due to the synergistic effect of rigid benzimidazole and hinged, flexible ODA, all PI films exhibited an elongation at break above 4.3%. The electrical insulation of the PI films was also improved with a dielectric constant lowered to 1.29. In summary, with appropriate mixing of rigid and flexible moieties in the PI backbone, all the PI films showed superior thermal stability, excellent flexibility, and acceptable electrical insulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lian
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Clean Utilization of Chemical Resources, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Clean Utilization of Chemical Resources, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Clean Utilization of Chemical Resources, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China
| | - Faqin Tong
- Shanghai Sinochem Technology Co., Ltd., Kangwei Road 299, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Clean Utilization of Chemical Resources, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China
| | - Yongqi Yang
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Clean Utilization of Chemical Resources, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China
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Li C, Kong L, Zhao J, Liang B. Preparation of D-A-D conjugated polymers based on [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine and thiophene derivatives and their electrochemical properties as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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A Review on the Materials Science and Device Physics of Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15134639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this review, the current state of materials science and the device physics of semitransparent organic solar cells is summarized. Relevant synthetic strategies to narrow the band gap of organic semiconducting molecules are outlined, and recent developments in the polymer donor and near-infrared absorbing acceptor materials are discussed. Next, an overview of transparent electrodes is given, including oxides, multi-stacks, thin metal, and solution processed electrodes, as well as considerations that are unique to ST-OPVs. The remainder of this review focuses on the device engineering of ST-OPVs. The figures of merit and the theoretical limitations of ST-OPVs are covered, as well as strategies to improve the light utilization efficiency. Lastly, the importance of creating an in-depth understanding of the device physics of ST-OPVs is emphasized and the existing works that answer fundamental questions about the inherent changes in the optoelectronic processes in transparent devices are presented in a condensed way. This last part outlines the changes that are unique for devices with increased transparency and the resulting implications, serving as a point of reference for the systematic development of next-generation ST-OPVs.
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Liu M, Liu L, Zhang Z, Wan M, Guo H, Li D. An Active Catalyst System Based on Pd (0) and a Phosphine-Based Bulky Ligand for the Synthesis of Thiophene-Containing Conjugated Polymers. Front Chem 2021; 9:743091. [PMID: 34557476 PMCID: PMC8452923 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.743091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the limitations of conventional Pd catalysts in the polymerization of thiophene-containing conjugated polymers, an active catalyst system based on Pd (0) and a phosphine-based bulky ligand, L1, is explored systematically in Suzuki–Miyaura polymerizations using thiophene boronic acid pinacol ester as one of the monomers. This active catalyst is found very efficient in synthesizing a series of thiophene-containing linear and hyperbranched conjugated polymers. First, as a model example, coupling reactions between electron-rich/moderately hindered aryl or thienyl halides and thiophene boronic acid pinacol ester give excellent yields with lower catalyst loading and can be completed in a shorter reaction time relative to Pd(PPh3)4. Notably, high molecular weight thiophene-containing polymers are successfully synthesized by Suzuki–Miyaura polycondensation of 2,5-thiophene bis(boronic acid) derivatives with different dibromo- and triple bromo-substituted aromatics in 5–15 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Continuing Education, Weifang Nursing Vocational College, Weifang, China
| | - Meixiu Wan
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanmei Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, China
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Socol M, Preda N, Breazu C, Costas A, Petre G, Stanculescu A, Popescu-Pelin G, Mihailescu A, Socol G. Organic Thin Films Based on DPP-DTT:C60 Blends Deposited by MAPLE. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2366. [PMID: 33261138 PMCID: PMC7761236 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique was used for depositing thin films based on a recently developed conjugated polymer, poly[2,5-(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-diketopyrrolopyrrole-alt-5,5-(2,5-di(thien-2-yl)thieno [3,2-b]thiophene)] (DPP-DTT) and fullerene C60 blends. The targets used in the MAPLE process were obtained by freezing chloroform solutions with different DPP-DTT:C60 weight ratios, with the MAPLE deposition being carried at a low laser fluence, varying the number of laser pulses. The structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of the DPP-DTT:C60 blend layers deposited by MAPLE were investigated in order to emphasize the influence of the DPP-DTT:C60 weight ratio and the number of laser pulses on these features. The preservation of the chemical structure of both DPP-DTT and C60 during the MAPLE deposition process is confirmed by the presence of their vibrational fingerprints in the FTIR spectra of the organic thin films. The UV-VIS and photoluminescence spectra of the obtained organic layers reveal the absorption bands attributed to DPP-DTT and the emission bands associated with C60, respectively. The morphology of the DPP-DTT:C60 blend films consists of aggregates and fibril-like structures. Regardless the DPP-DTT:C60 weight ratio and the number of laser pulses used during the MAPLE process, the current-voltage characteristics recorded, under illumination, of all structures developed on the MAPLE deposited layers evidenced a photovoltaic cell behavior. The results proved that the MAPLE emerges as a viable technique for depositing thin films based on conjugated polymers featured by a complex structure that can be further used to develop devices for applications in the solar cell area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Socol
- National Institute of Material Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (C.B.); (A.C.); (G.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Nicoleta Preda
- National Institute of Material Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (C.B.); (A.C.); (G.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Carmen Breazu
- National Institute of Material Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (C.B.); (A.C.); (G.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Andreea Costas
- National Institute of Material Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (C.B.); (A.C.); (G.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Gabriela Petre
- National Institute of Material Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (C.B.); (A.C.); (G.P.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Anca Stanculescu
- National Institute of Material Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (C.B.); (A.C.); (G.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Gianina Popescu-Pelin
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (G.P.-P.); (A.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Andreea Mihailescu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (G.P.-P.); (A.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriel Socol
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (G.P.-P.); (A.M.); (G.S.)
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Popov A, Brasiunas B, Damaskaite A, Plikusiene I, Ramanavicius A, Ramanaviciene A. Electrodeposited Gold Nanostructures for the Enhancement of Electrochromic Properties of PANI-PEDOT Film Deposited on Transparent Electrode. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2778. [PMID: 33255495 PMCID: PMC7761354 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) are attractive materials for use in different areas; nevertheless, the enhancement of electrochromic stability and switching time is still necessary to expand the commercialization of electrochromic devices. To our best knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the employment of electrodeposited gold nanostructures (AuNS) for the enhancement of CPs' electrochromic properties when a transparent electrode is used as a substrate. Polyaniline-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PANI-PEDOT) films were electrodeposited on a transparent indium tin oxide glass electrode, which was pre-modified by two different methods. AuNS were electrodeposited at -0.2 V constant potential for 60 s using both the 1st method (synthesis solution consisted of 3 mM HAuCl4 and 0.1 M H2SO4) and 2nd method (15 mM HAuCl4 and 1 M KNO3) resulting in an improvement of optical contrast by 3% and 22%, respectively. Additionally, when using the 1st method, the coloration efficiency was improved by 50% while the switching time was reduced by 17%. Furthermore, in both cases, the employment of AuNS resulted in an enhancement of the electrochromic stability of the CPs layer. A further selection of AuNS pre-modification conditions with the aim to control their morphology and size can be a possible stepping stone for the further improvement of CPs electrochromic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Popov
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko st. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.P.); (B.B.); (A.D.); (I.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Benediktas Brasiunas
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko st. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.P.); (B.B.); (A.D.); (I.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Anzelika Damaskaite
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko st. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.P.); (B.B.); (A.D.); (I.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Ieva Plikusiene
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko st. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.P.); (B.B.); (A.D.); (I.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko st. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.P.); (B.B.); (A.D.); (I.P.); (A.R.)
- Division of Materials Science and Electronics, State Scientific Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko st. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.P.); (B.B.); (A.D.); (I.P.); (A.R.)
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