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Xu X, Yin Y, Yao M, Yin X, Gao F, Wu Y, Chen C, Wang F, Zhang D. Three-Dimensional Polymer Variable Optical Attenuator Based on Vertical Multimode Interference with Graphene Heater. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2116. [PMID: 36557416 PMCID: PMC9781668 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low-power-consumption optical devices are crucial for large-scale photonic integrated circuits (PICs). In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) polymer variable optical attenuator (VOA) is proposed. For monolithic integration of silica and polymer-based planar lightwave circuits (PLCs), the vertical VOA is inserted between silica-based waveguides. Optical and thermal analyses are performed through the beam propagation method (BPM) and finite-element method (FEM), respectively. A compact size of 3092 μm × 4 μm × 7 μm is achieved with a vertical multimode interference (MMI) structure. The proposed VOA shows an insertion loss (IL) of 0.58 dB and an extinction ratio (ER) of 21.18 dB. Replacing the graphene heater with an aluminum (Al) electrode, the power consumption is decreased from 29.90 mW to 21.25 mW. The rise and fall time are improved to 353.85 μs and 192.87 μs, respectively. The compact and high-performance VOA shows great potential for a variety of applications, including optical communications, integrated optics, and optical interconnections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuexin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mengke Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaojie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Shijia Photons Technology, Hebi 458030, China
| | - Feifei Gao
- Shijia Photons Technology, Hebi 458030, China
| | - Yuanda Wu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Daming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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A Four Green TM/Red TE Demultiplexer Based on Multi Slot-Waveguide Structures. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13143219. [PMID: 32698353 PMCID: PMC7412051 DOI: 10.3390/ma13143219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A four green transverse magnetic (TM)/red transverse electric (TE) light wavelength demultiplexer device, based on multi slot-waveguide (SW) structures is demonstrated. The device aims to demultiplex wavelengths in the green/red light range with wavelengths of 530, 540, 550, and 560 nm; 630, 640, 650, and 660 nm. This means that the device functions as a 1 × 4 demultiplexer for each polarization mode (TE/TM). The controlling of the light switching between two closer segment SWs under the TM/TE polarization mode was studied by designing a suitable SW structure and setting the right segment length to fit the coupling lengths of the operating wavelengths. The device is composed of six-segment SW units and six S-bends (SB) SW. The key SW and SB parameters were optimized and determined by a full vectorial beam propagation method (FV-BPM). Results show power losses better than 0.138 dB, crosstalk better than -21.14 dB, and an optical spectrum smaller than 9.39 nm, with an overall compact size of 104.5 µm. The device can be integrated in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) for increasing data bit rate in a visible light communication (VLC) system.
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