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Lavrentev FV, Shilovskikh VV, Alabusheva VS, Yurova VY, Nikitina AA, Ulasevich SA, Skorb EV. Diffusion-Limited Processes in Hydrogels with Chosen Applications from Drug Delivery to Electronic Components. Molecules 2023; 28:5931. [PMID: 37570901 PMCID: PMC10421015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion is one of the key nature processes which plays an important role in respiration, digestion, and nutrient transport in cells. In this regard, the present article aims to review various diffusion approaches used to fabricate different functional materials based on hydrogels, unique examples of materials that control diffusion. They have found applications in fields such as drug encapsulation and delivery, nutrient delivery in agriculture, developing materials for regenerative medicine, and creating stimuli-responsive materials in soft robotics and microrobotics. In addition, mechanisms of release and drug diffusion kinetics as key tools for material design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipp V. Lavrentev
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.S.A.); (V.Y.Y.); (A.A.N.); (S.A.U.)
| | - Vladimir V. Shilovskikh
- Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials “SmartTextiles”, IRC–X-ray Coherent Optics, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia;
| | - Varvara S. Alabusheva
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.S.A.); (V.Y.Y.); (A.A.N.); (S.A.U.)
| | - Veronika Yu. Yurova
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.S.A.); (V.Y.Y.); (A.A.N.); (S.A.U.)
| | - Anna A. Nikitina
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.S.A.); (V.Y.Y.); (A.A.N.); (S.A.U.)
| | - Sviatlana A. Ulasevich
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.S.A.); (V.Y.Y.); (A.A.N.); (S.A.U.)
| | - Ekaterina V. Skorb
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.S.A.); (V.Y.Y.); (A.A.N.); (S.A.U.)
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Eco-friendly and biodegradable sodium alginate/quaternized chitosan hydrogel for controlled release of urea and its antimicrobial activity. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Update on the Use of Nanocarriers and Drug Delivery Systems and Future Directions in Cervical Cancer. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1636908. [PMID: 35571568 PMCID: PMC9095399 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1636908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer represents a major health problem among females due to its increased mortality rate. The conventional therapies are very aggressive and unsatisfactory when it comes to survival rate, especially in terminal stages, which requires the development of new treatment alternatives. With the use of nanotechnology, various chemotherapeutic drugs can be transported via nanocarriers directly to cervical cancerous cells, thus skipping the hepatic first-pass effect and decreasing the rate of chemotherapy side effects. This review comprises various drug delivery systems that were applied in cervical cancer, such as lipid-based nanocarriers, polymeric and dendrimeric nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, micellar nanocarriers, and protein and polysaccharide nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have a great therapeutic potential by increasing the pharmacological activity, drug solubility, and bioavailability. Through their mechanisms, they highly increase the toxicity in the targeted cervical tumor cells or tissues by linking to specific ligands. In addition, a nondifferentiable model is proposed through holographic implementation in the dynamics of drug delivery dynamics. As any hologram functions as a deep learning process, the artificial intelligence can be proposed as a new analyzing method in cervical cancer.
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Dumbravă O, Popovici D, Vasincu D, Popa O, Ochiuz L, Irimiciuc ȘA, Agop M, Negură A. Impact of the Liquid Crystal Order of Poly(azomethine-sulfone)s on the Semiconducting Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071487. [PMID: 35406361 PMCID: PMC9003125 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic semiconductors are an attractive class of materials with large application in various fields, from optoelectronics to biomedicine. Usually, organic semiconductors have low electrical conductivity, and different routes towards improving said conductivity are being investigated. One such method is to increase their ordering degree, which not only improves electrical conduction but promotes cell growth, adhesion, and proliferation at the polymer–tissue interface. The current paper proposes a mathematical model for understanding the influence of the ordering state on the electrical properties of the organic semiconductors. To this end, a series of aromatic poly(azomethine)s were prepared as thin films in both amorphous and ordered states, and their supramolecular and electrical properties were analyzed by polarized light microscopy and surface type cells, respectively. Furthermore, the film surface characteristics were investigated by atomic force microscopy. It was established that the manufacture of thin films from mesophase state induced an electrical conductivity improvement of one order of magnitude. A mathematical model was developed in the framework of a multifractal theory of motion in its Schrodinger representation. The model used the order degree of the thin films as a fractality measure of the physical system’s representation in the multifractal space. It proposed two types of conductivity, which manifest at different ranges of fractalization degrees. The mathematical predictions were found to be in line with the empirical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Dumbravă
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (O.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Dumitru Popovici
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (O.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Decebal Vasincu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Popa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Lăcrămioara Ochiuz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ștefan-Andrei Irimiciuc
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (Ș.-A.I.); (M.A.)
| | - Maricel Agop
- Department of Physics, “Gh. Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Romanian Scientists Academy, 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (Ș.-A.I.); (M.A.)
| | - Anca Negură
- Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 2A Carol Boulevard, 700505 Iasi, Romania;
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Self-Assembled Nanocarriers Based on Modified Chitosan for Biomedical Applications: Preparation and Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112593. [PMID: 33158235 PMCID: PMC7694257 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-polysaccharide systems are of increasing interest as their combined attributes allow for fulfilling a broad range of applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. In this study, the preparation of nanogels based on maleic anhydride chitosan derivatives (MAC) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was achieved through a self-assembly process performed in aqueous phase. A series of experiments performed by varying the concentrations of MAC and BSA were conducted to find an appropriate mixing ratio for the polymer solutions leading to thermodynamically stable nanogels with the ability to encapsulate active compounds. The influence of temperature on the formation of nanogels was also studied. The consequent conformational changes were monitored using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometry. The spectrophotometric investigations combined with diffraction light scattering (DLS) technique and zeta potential measurement results were correlated to determine the interaction mechanism and assess the self-assembling processes during nanogel formation. It was found that the hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of the nanoparticles increased slightly at acidic pH, and the protonation of ionizable amino groups with the pH was confirmed by the zeta potential measurements. MAC/BSA nanogels also exhibited antimicrobial properties after being loaded with amoxicillin (Amox), which is an antibiotic used for the treatment of various infections. The experimental data resulting from this study provide theoretical guidance for the design and development of attractive nanocarriers for a large variety of biomedical applications.
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