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Nobre JRC, Queiroz LS, Castro JP, Pego MFF, Hugen LN, Costa CEFD, Pardauil JDJR, Nascimento LASD, Rocha Filho GND, Zamian JR, Souza ECD, Bianchi ML. Potential of agro-industrial residues from the Amazon region to produce activated carbon. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17189. [PMID: 37483770 PMCID: PMC10362268 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of tons of residual lignocellulosic biomass are produced and discarded by agroindustries in the Amazon. These biomasses could be harnessed and used in the preparation of activated carbon, in view of the growing demand for this product with high added value, however, little is known about their characteristics, in addition to their potential as precursors of activated carbon. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of four different biomasses in the preparation and quality of activated carbon. Residues from the processing of the fruits of acai, babassu, Brazil nut, and oil palm were collected, characterized, carbonized, physically activated with CO2, and characterized. The contents of the total extractives, insoluble lignin, minerals, holocellulose, and elemental (CHNS-O) were analyzed. The surface area and surface morphology were determined from the AC produced, and adsorption tests for methylene blue and phenol were performed. The four biomasses showed potential for use in the preparation of CA; the residues presented high contents of lignin (21.83-55.76%) and carbon (46.49-53.79%). AC were predominantly microporous, although small mesopores could be observed. The AC had a surface area of 569.65-1101.26 m2 g-1, a high methylene blue (93-390 mg g-1), and phenol (159-595 mg g-1) adsorption capacities. Babassu-AC stood out compared to the AC of the other analyzed biomasses, reaching the best results.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Rodrigo Coimbra Nobre
- Department of Technology and Naturals Resources (DTRN), State University of Pará, Campus V, Travessa Éneas Pinheiro, Marco, Belém, CEP 68625-000, Brazil
- Department of Forest Science (DCF), Federal University of Lavras, C.P. 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandro Santos Queiroz
- Research Laboratory and Fuel Analysis, Laboratory of Amazon Oils and Graduate in Chemistry Program, Federal University of Pará, CEP 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jonnys Paz Castro
- Federal Rural University of Amazon (UFRA), Campus Capitão Poço, Capitão Poço, Zip Code 68650-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Matheus Felipe Freire Pego
- Department of Forest Science (DCF), Federal University of Lavras, C.P. 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Nunes Hugen
- Department of Forest Science (DCF), Federal University of Lavras, C.P. 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Emmerson Ferreira da Costa
- Research Laboratory and Fuel Analysis, Laboratory of Amazon Oils and Graduate in Chemistry Program, Federal University of Pará, CEP 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Adriano Santos do Nascimento
- Research Laboratory and Fuel Analysis, Laboratory of Amazon Oils and Graduate in Chemistry Program, Federal University of Pará, CEP 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Narciso da Rocha Filho
- Research Laboratory and Fuel Analysis, Laboratory of Amazon Oils and Graduate in Chemistry Program, Federal University of Pará, CEP 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Zamian
- Research Laboratory and Fuel Analysis, Laboratory of Amazon Oils and Graduate in Chemistry Program, Federal University of Pará, CEP 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Elias Costa de Souza
- Department of Technology and Naturals Resources (DTRN), State University of Pará, Campus V, Travessa Éneas Pinheiro, Marco, Belém, CEP 68625-000, Brazil
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP). Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry (DQI), Federal University of Lavras, C.P. 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Novel Sustainable Castor Oil-Based Polyurethane Biocomposites Reinforced with Piassava Fiber Powder Waste for High-Performance Coating Floor. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The search for new greener materials that contribute to a more sustainable world motivated the present study in which novel biocomposites with 10, 20 and 30 vol% of piassava fiber powder waste reinforcing castor oil-based polyurethane (COPU) intended for a high-performance coated floor (HPCF) were developed. The novel biocomposites were characterized by flexural, Izod impact and wear standard tests as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and fracture analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both flexural modulus and strength displayed marked increases reaching more than 800 and 500%, respectively, compared to plain COPU for 30 vol% piassava powder incorporation. FTIR bands indicated the existence of interaction between the piassava constituents and COPU. However, SEM fractographs disclosed the presence of bubbles attributed to retained gases during the COPU curing. Consequently, the Izod impact resistance showed a 50% decrease while the wear was more than three times accentuated for 30 vol% piassava powder biocomposite. These results met the specified values of corresponding standards and revealed a promising new greener material for HPCFs.
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