1
|
Aquino M, Santoro S, Politano A, D’Andrea G, Siciliano A, Straface S, La Russa MF, Curcio E. Environmentally Friendly Photothermal Membranes for Halite Recovery from Reverse Osmosis Brine via Solar-Driven Membrane Crystallization. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:87. [PMID: 38668115 PMCID: PMC11052490 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Modern society and industrial development rely heavily on the availability of freshwater and minerals. Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) has been widely adopted for freshwater supply, although many questions have arisen about its environmental sustainability owing to the disposal of hypersaline rejected solutions (brine). This scenario has accelerated significant developments towards the hybridization of SWRO with membrane distillation-crystallization (MD-MCr), which can extract water and minerals from spent brine. Nevertheless, the substantial specific energy consumption associated with MD-MCr remains a significant limitation. In this work, energy harvesting was secured from renewables by hotspots embodied in the membranes, implementing the revolutionary approach of brine mining via photothermal membrane crystallization (PhMCr). This method employs self-heating nanostructured interfaces under solar radiation to enhance water evaporation, creating a carefully controlled supersaturated environment responsible for the extraction of minerals. Photothermal mixed matrix photothermal membranes (MMMs) were developed by incorporating graphene oxide (GO) or carbon black (CB) into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) solubilized in an eco-friendly solvent (i.e., triethyl phosphate (TEP)). MMMs were prepared using non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS). The effect of GO or GB on the morphology of MMMs and the photothermal behavior was examined. Light-to-heat conversion was used in PhMCr experiments to facilitate the evaporation of water from the SWRO brine to supersaturation, leading to sodium chloride (NaCl) nucleation and crystallization. Overall, the results indicate exciting perspectives of PhMCr in brine valorization for a sustainable desalination industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aquino
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria (DIAm-UNICAL), Via P. Bucci, CUBO 44/A, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.A.); (G.D.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Sergio Santoro
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria (DIAm-UNICAL), Via P. Bucci, CUBO 44/A, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.A.); (G.D.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Antonio Politano
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe D’Andrea
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria (DIAm-UNICAL), Via P. Bucci, CUBO 44/A, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.A.); (G.D.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Alessio Siciliano
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria (DIAm-UNICAL), Via P. Bucci, CUBO 44/A, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.A.); (G.D.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Salvatore Straface
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria (DIAm-UNICAL), Via P. Bucci, CUBO 44/A, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.A.); (G.D.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Mauro Francesco La Russa
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria (DiBEST-UNICAL), Via P. Bucci, CUBO 12/B, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Efrem Curcio
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria (DIAm-UNICAL), Via P. Bucci, CUBO 44/A, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.A.); (G.D.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (E.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Binazadeh M, Rasouli J, Sabbaghi S, Mousavi SM, Hashemi SA, Lai CW. An Overview of Photocatalytic Membrane Degradation Development. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093526. [PMID: 37176408 PMCID: PMC10180107 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution has become a worldwide issue. Rapid industrial and agricultural practices have increased organic contaminants in water supplies. Hence, many strategies have been developed to address this concern. In order to supply clean water for various applications, high-performance treatment technology is required to effectively remove organic and inorganic contaminants. Utilizing photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs) has shown promise as a viable alternative process in the water and wastewater industry due to its efficiency, low cost, simplicity, and low environmental impact. PMRs are commonly categorized into two main categories: those with the photocatalyst suspended in solution and those with the photocatalyst immobilized in/on a membrane. Herein, the working and fouling mechanisms in PMRs membranes are investigated; the interplay of fouling and photocatalytic activity and the development of fouling prevention strategies are elucidated; and the significance of photocatalysis in membrane fouling mechanisms such as pore plugging and cake layering is thoroughly explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Binazadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71557-13876, Iran
| | - Jamal Rasouli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71557-13876, Iran
| | - Samad Sabbaghi
- Department of Nano-Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71557-13876, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan
| | - Seyyed Alireza Hashemi
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Chin Wei Lai
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gkika DA, Karmali V, Lambropoulou DA, Mitropoulos AC, Kyzas GZ. Membranes Coated with Graphene-Based Materials: A Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:127. [PMID: 36837630 PMCID: PMC9965639 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a popular material with outstanding properties due to its single layer. Graphene and its oxide have been put to the test as nano-sized building components for separation membranes with distinctive structures and adjustable physicochemical attributes. Graphene-based membranes have exhibited excellent water and gas purification abilities, which have garnered the spotlight over the past decade. This work aims to examine the most recent science and engineering cutting-edge advances of graphene-based membranes in regard to design, production and use. Additional effort will be directed towards the breakthroughs in synthesizing graphene and its composites to create various forms of membranes, such as nanoporous layers, laminates and graphene-based compounds. Their efficiency in separating and decontaminating water via different techniques such as cross-linking, layer by layer and coating will also be explored. This review intends to offer comprehensive, up-to-date information that will be useful to scientists of multiple disciplines interested in graphene-based membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Despina A. Gkika
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Karmali
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece
- School of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Dimitra A. Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - George Z. Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rabadanova A, Abdurakhmanov M, Gulakhmedov R, Shuaibov A, Selimov D, Sobola D, Částková K, Ramazanov S, Orudzhev F. Piezo-, photo- and piezophotocatalytic activity of electrospun fibrous PVDF/CTAB membrane. CHIMICA TECHNO ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.15826/chimtech.2022.9.4.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A composite material based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was synthesized by coaxial electrospinning. The morphology and structure of the material were studied by SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, XPS, and the piezo-photo- and piezo-photocatalytic activity during the decomposition of the organic dye Methylene blue (MB) was studied. It is shown that the addition of CTAB promotes additional polarization of the PVDF structure due to ion-dipole interaction. It has been shown for the first time that the addition of CTAB promotes the photosensitivity of the wide-gap dielectric polymer PVDF (the band gap is more than 6 eV). It was demonstrated that the photocatalytic decomposition efficiency was 91% in 60 minutes. The material exhibits piezocatalytic activity – 73% in 60 minutes. Experiments on trapping active oxidizing forms have established that OH hydroxyl radicals play the main role in the photocatalytic process.
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Advancements in Sustainable PVDF Copolymer Membrane Preparation Using Rhodiasolv® PolarClean As an Alternative Eco-Friendly Solvent. CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cleantechnol3040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Rhodiasolv® PolarClean was employed as a more sustainable solvent for the preparation of poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) flat sheet membranes via phase inversion technique by coupling vapour induced phase separation (VIPS) and non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) processes. Preliminary calculations based on Hansen solubility parameters well predicted the solubilization of the polymer in the selected solvent. The effect of exposure time on humidity and the influence of polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and sulfonated polyether sulfone (S-PES) on membrane properties and performance, were evaluated. Three different coagulation bath compositions were also explored. The obtained membranes, prepared using a more sustainable approach, were compared with those produced with the traditional toxic solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and characterised in terms of morphology, porosity, wettability, pore size, surface roughness and mechanical resistance. The potential influence of the new solvent on the crystallinity of PVDF-HFP-based membranes was also evaluated by infrared spectroscopy. The adjustment of the parameters investigated allowed tuning of the membrane pore size in the microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) range resulting in membranes with various morphologies. From the water permeability and rejection tests, performed with methylene blue dye, the prepared membranes showed their potentiality to be used in MF and UF applications.
Collapse
|
7
|
Russo F, Marino T, Galiano F, Gzara L, Gordano A, Organji H, Figoli A. Tamisolve ® NxG as an Alternative Non-Toxic Solvent for the Preparation of Porous Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride) Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152579. [PMID: 34372182 PMCID: PMC8347625 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamisolve® NxG, a well-known non-toxic solvent, was used for poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes preparation via a non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) procedure with water as a coagulation bath. Preliminary investigations, related to the study of the physical/chemical properties of the solvent, the solubility parameters, the gel transition temperature and the viscosity of the polymer-solvent system, confirmed the power of the solvent to solubilize PVDF polymer for membranes preparation. The role of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and/or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), as pore former agents in the dope solution, was studied along with different polymer concentrations (10 wt%, 15 wt% and 18 wt%). The produced membranes were then characterized in terms of morphology, thickness, porosity, contact angle, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Pore size measurements, pore size distribution and water permeability (PWP) tests placed the developed membranes in the ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) range. Finally, PVDF membrane performances were investigated in terms of rejection (%) and permeability recovery ratio (PRR) using methylene blue (MB) in water solution to assess their potential application in separation and purification processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Russo
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci 17c, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (F.R.); (F.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci 17c, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (F.R.); (F.G.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Francesco Galiano
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci 17c, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (F.R.); (F.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Lassaad Gzara
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (L.G.); (H.O.)
| | - Amalia Gordano
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci 17c, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (F.R.); (F.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Hussam Organji
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (L.G.); (H.O.)
| | - Alberto Figoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci 17c, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (F.R.); (F.G.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (A.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ardila-Leal LD, Poutou-Piñales RA, Pedroza-Rodríguez AM, Quevedo-Hidalgo BE. A Brief History of Colour, the Environmental Impact of Synthetic Dyes and Removal by Using Laccases. Molecules 2021; 26:3813. [PMID: 34206669 PMCID: PMC8270347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of colour is fascinating from a social and artistic viewpoint because it shows the way; use; and importance acquired. The use of colours date back to the Stone Age (the first news of cave paintings); colour has contributed to the social and symbolic development of civilizations. Colour has been associated with hierarchy; power and leadership in some of them. The advent of synthetic dyes has revolutionized the colour industry; and due to their low cost; their use has spread to different industrial sectors. Although the percentage of coloured wastewater discharged by the textile; food; pharmaceutical; cosmetic; and paper industries; among other productive areas; are unknown; the toxic effect and ecological implications of this discharged into water bodies are harmful. This review briefly shows the social and artistic history surrounding the discovery and use of natural and synthetic dyes. We summarise the environmental impact caused by the discharge of untreated or poorly treated coloured wastewater to water bodies; which has led to physical; chemical and biological treatments to reduce the colour units so as important physicochemical parameters. We also focus on laccase utility (EC 1.10.3.2), for discolouration enzymatic treatment of coloured wastewater, before its discharge into water bodies. Laccases (p-diphenol: oxidoreductase dioxide) are multicopper oxidoreductase enzymes widely distributed in plants, insects, bacteria, and fungi. Fungal laccases have employed for wastewater colour removal due to their high redox potential. This review includes an analysis of the stability of laccases, the factors that influence production at high scales to achieve discolouration of high volumes of contaminated wastewater, the biotechnological impact of laccases, and the degradation routes that some dyes may follow when using the laccase for colour removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leidy D. Ardila-Leal
- Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Bogotá 110-23, DC, Colombia;
| | - Raúl A. Poutou-Piñales
- Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Bogotá 110-23, DC, Colombia;
| | - Aura M. Pedroza-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y de Suelos, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Bogotá 110-23, DC, Colombia;
| | - Balkys E. Quevedo-Hidalgo
- Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Bogotá 110-23, DC, Colombia;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Besharat F, Manteghian M, Russo F, Galiano F, Figoli A, Abdollahi M, Lazzeri A. Investigation of electric field‐aligned edge‐oxidized graphene oxide nanoplatelets in polyethersulfone matrix in terms of pure water permeation and dye rejection. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Besharat
- Nanotechnology Group, Engineering Faculty Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Mahdi Abdollahi
- Polymer Reactions Engineering Department, Chemical Engineering Faculty Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Civil Engineering and Industrial Department University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lasisi KH, Yao W, Ajibade TF, Tian H, Fang F, Zhang K. Impacts of Sulfuric Acid on the Stability and Separation Performance of Polymeric PVDF-Based Membranes at Mild and High Concentrations: An Experimental Study. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10120375. [PMID: 33260986 PMCID: PMC7760507 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10120375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of an aqueous acidic solution at typical concentrations on polymeric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based membranes. Flat-sheet PVDF-based membranes were completely embedded in sulfuric acid at varying concentrations. The effect of the acid concentration after a prolonged exposure time on the chemical, mechanical and physical properties of the membrane were checked via FE-SEM, EDX (Energy-Dispersive Spectrometer), FTIR, XRD, tensile strength, zeta potential, contact angle, porosity, pure water flux measurement and visual observation. The result reveals prompt initiation of reaction between the PVDF membrane and sulfuric acid, even at a mild concentration. As the exposure time extends with increasing concentration, the change in chemical and mechanical properties become more pronounced, especially in the morphology, although this was not really noticeable in either the crystalline phase or the functional group analyses. The ultimate mechanical strength decreased from 46.18 ± 0.65 to 32.39 ± 0.22 MPa, while the hydrophilicity was enhanced due to enlargement of the pores. The flux at the highest concentration and exposure period increased by 2.3 times that of the neat membrane, while the BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) rejection dropped by 55%. Similar to in an alkaline environment, the stability and performance of the PVDF-based membrane analyzed in this study manifested general deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayode H. Lasisi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; (K.H.L.); (W.Y.); (T.F.A.); (H.T.); (F.F.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weihao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; (K.H.L.); (W.Y.); (T.F.A.); (H.T.); (F.F.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Temitope F. Ajibade
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; (K.H.L.); (W.Y.); (T.F.A.); (H.T.); (F.F.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huali Tian
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; (K.H.L.); (W.Y.); (T.F.A.); (H.T.); (F.F.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; (K.H.L.); (W.Y.); (T.F.A.); (H.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Kaisong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; (K.H.L.); (W.Y.); (T.F.A.); (H.T.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-592-6190782
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Removal of Dyes Using Graphene Oxide (GO) Mixed Matrix Membranes. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10120366. [PMID: 33255523 PMCID: PMC7760904 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10120366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The application of membrane technology to remove pollutant dyes in industrial wastewater is a significant development today. The modification of membranes to improve their properties has been shown to improve the permeation flux and removal efficiency of the membrane. Therefore, in this work, graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO-NPs) were used to modify the polyethersulfone (PES) membrane and prepare mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). This research is dedicated to using two types of very toxic dyes (Acid Black and Rose Bengal) to study the effect of GO on PES performance. The performance and antifouling properties of the new modified membrane were studied using the following: FTIR, SEM, AFM, water permeation flux, dye removal and fouling, and by investigating the influence of GO-NPs on the structure. After adding 0.5 wt% of GO, the contact angle was the lowest (39.21°) and the permeable flux of the membrane was the highest. The performance of the ultrafiltration (UF) membrane displayed a rejection rate higher than 99% for both dyes. The membranes showed the highest antifouling property at a GO concentration of 0.5 wt%. The long-term operation of the membrane fabricated from 0.5 wt% GO using two dyes improved greatly over 26 d from 14 d for the control membrane, therefore higher flux can be preserved.
Collapse
|
12
|
Visible-Light Photocatalysts and Their Perspectives for Building Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors for Various Liquid Phase Chemical Conversions. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic organic synthesis/conversions and water treatment under visible light are a challenging task to use renewable energy in chemical transformations. In this review a brief overview on the mainly employed visible light photocatalysts and a discussion on the problems and advantages of Vis-light versus UV-light irradiation is reported. Visible light photocatalysts in the photocatalytic conversion of CO2, conversion of acetophenone to phenylethanol, hydrogenation of nitro compounds, oxidation of cyclohexane, synthesis of vanillin and phenol, as well as hydrogen production and water treatment are discussed. Some applications of these photocatalysts in photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs) for carrying out organic synthesis, conversion and/or degradation of organic pollutants are reported. The described cases show that PMRs represent a promising green technology that could shift on applications of industrial interest using visible light (from Sun) active photocatalysts.
Collapse
|
13
|
Application of Hybrid Membrane Processes Coupling Separation and Biological or Chemical Reaction in Advanced Wastewater Treatment. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10100281. [PMID: 33066241 PMCID: PMC7602016 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The rapid urbanization and water shortage impose an urgent need in improving sustainable water management without compromising the socioeconomic development all around the world. In this context, reclaimed wastewater has been recognized as a sustainable water management strategy since it represents an alternative water resource for non-potable or (indirect) potable use. The conventional wastewater remediation approaches for the removal of different emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals, dyes, metal ions, etc.) are unable to remove/destroy them completely. Hybrid membrane processes (HMPs) are a powerful solution for removing emerging pollutants from wastewater. On this aspect, the present paper focused on HMPs obtained by the synergic coupling of biological and/or chemical reaction driven processes with membrane processes, giving a critical overview and particular emphasis on some case studies reported in the pertinent literature. By using these processes, a satisfactory quality of treated water can be achieved, permitting its sustainable reuse in the hydrologic cycle while minimizing environmental and economic impact.
Collapse
|