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Zhao S, Fang M, Li Y, Wang F, Li H, Wang L. Fabrication and in vitro investigation of hyperbranched poly-lysine-grafted warp knitted polypropylene sling for potential treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6504-6523. [PMID: 37577866 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00943b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) sling implantation is the most commonly performed procedure for women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). However, concerns have arisen regarding complications caused by slings, including the common issue of erosion, which can be attributed to various factors such as the body's response and bacterial contamination. To address these concerns, we have developed a rectangular mesh self-locking edge sling with a large pore size and lightweight design. Promising results have been obtained from preliminary in vivo mechanical reliability tests, including uniaxial tensile tests. In comparative in vitro fixed load tensile tests and simulated Tension-free Vaginal Tape (TVT) and Transobturator Vaginal Tape inside-out (TVT-O) technique tests using commercial slings, our sling demonstrated less transverse wrinkling. Both slings achieved an effective porosity of over 45% under the TVT technique. However, the commercial sling experienced a significant reduction in effective porosity during the TVT-O technique, whereas our sling maintained a stable effective porosity with minimal wrinkling. Furthermore, we successfully developed cationic hydration rejection-driven antibacterial-anti-fouling coatings on the surface of our sling by grafting hyperbranched poly-lysine (HBPL) mediated by polynorepinephrine. The HBPL coating imparts a positive charge and hydrophilicity to the sling, resulting in elevated bactericidal activity and reducing protein adhesion. An optimal grafting concentration of 20 mg mL-1 was selected, confirming the stability and biocompatibility of the sling coating. This coating is expected to reduce the likelihood of postoperative erosion. Overall, our research represents significant advancements in improving the safety and performance of PP slings for stress urinary incontinence, potentially leading to a reduction in complications following surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- Shanghai Hongyu Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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Najm A, Niculescu AG, Rădulescu M, Gaspar BS, Grumezescu AM, Beuran M. Novel Material Optimization Strategies for Developing Upgraded Abdominal Meshes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14298. [PMID: 37762601 PMCID: PMC10531784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 20 million hernias are operated on globally per year, with most interventions requiring mesh reinforcement. A wide range of such medical devices are currently available on the market, most fabricated from synthetic polymers. Yet, searching for an ideal mesh is an ongoing process, with continuous efforts directed toward developing upgraded implants by modifying existing products or creating innovative systems from scratch. In this regard, this review presents the most frequently employed polymers for mesh fabrication, outlining the market available products and their relevant characteristics, further focusing on the state-of-the-art mesh approaches. Specifically, we mainly discuss recent studies concerning coating application, nanomaterials addition, stem cell seeding, and 3D printing of custom mesh designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Najm
- Department of Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.N.); (B.S.G.); (M.B.)
- Emergency Hospital Floreasca Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Rădulescu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Severus Gaspar
- Department of Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.N.); (B.S.G.); (M.B.)
- Emergency Hospital Floreasca Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov No. 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Beuran
- Department of Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.N.); (B.S.G.); (M.B.)
- Emergency Hospital Floreasca Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
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Noor H, David IG, Jinga ML, Popa DE, Buleandra M, Iorgulescu EE, Ciobanu AM. State of the Art on Developments of (Bio)Sensors and Analytical Methods for Rifamycin Antibiotics Determination. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:976. [PMID: 36679772 PMCID: PMC9863535 DOI: 10.3390/s23020976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the literature data reported from 2000 up to the present on the development of various electrochemical (voltammetric, amperometric, potentiometric and photoelectrochemical), optical (UV-Vis and IR) and luminescence (chemiluminescence and fluorescence) methods and the corresponding sensors for rifamycin antibiotics analysis. The discussion is focused mainly on the foremost compound of this class of macrocyclic drugs, namely rifampicin (RIF), which is a first-line antituberculosis agent derived from rifampicin SV (RSV). RIF and RSV also have excellent therapeutic action in the treatment of other bacterial infectious diseases. Due to the side-effects (e.g., prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria, hepatotoxicity) of long-term RIF intake, drug monitoring in patients is of real importance in establishing the optimum RIF dose, and therefore, reliable, rapid and simple methods of analysis are required. Based on the studies published on this topic in the last two decades, the sensing principles, some examples of sensors preparation procedures, as well as the performance characteristics (linear range, limits of detection and quantification) of analytical methods for RIF determination, are compared and correlated, critically emphasizing their benefits and limitations. Examples of spectrometric and electrochemical investigations of RIF interaction with biologically important molecules are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Noor
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University Sibiu, Lucian Blaga Street 25, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Iulia Gabriela David
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90-92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Lorena Jinga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90-92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Elena Popa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90-92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Buleandra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90-92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emilia Elena Iorgulescu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90-92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela Magdalena Ciobanu
- Department of Psychiatry “Prof. Dr. Al. Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, Berceni Av. 10, District 4, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Neurosciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dionisie Lupu Street 37, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Antimicrobial polymeric biomaterials based on synthetic, nanotechnology, and biotechnological approaches. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 76:102752. [PMID: 35809432 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is the main threat to biomaterial failure with a huge impact on National Health Systems and patients' quality of life. Materials engineering and biotechnology have experienced great advances and have converged in the development of new and more sophisticated biomimetic systems with antimicrobial properties. In this sense, polymeric biomaterials play and will play a key role in the development of new antimicrobial devices for biomedical applications. In this Current Opinion article, we review recent and relevant advances reported in the field of polymeric biomaterials with antimicrobial properties with the potential to be applied in the clinic, that is, antimicrobial polymers, antifouling surfaces, nanodelivery systems of antibiotics and antiseptic drugs, biocide polymer-metal hybrid systems, and engineered living materials that actively interact with the pathogen. We conclude with a discussion on the implications of the results for clinical practice and future research.
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A review of recent developments of polypropylene surgical mesh for hernia repair. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Xu D, Fang M, Wang Q, Qiao Y, Li Y, Wang L. Latest Trends on the Attenuation of Systemic Foreign Body Response and Infectious Complications of Synthetic Hernia Meshes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1-19. [PMID: 35014826 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the past few years, hernia incidence has remained at a high level worldwide, with more than 20 million people requiring hernia surgery each year. Synthetic hernia meshes play an important role, providing a microenvironment that attracts and harbors host cells and acting as a permanent roadmap for intact abdominal wall reconstruction. Nevertheless, it is still inevitable to cause not-so-trivial complications, especially chronic pain and adhesion. In long-term studies, it was found that the complications are mainly caused by excessive fibrosis from the foreign body reaction (FBR) and infection resulting from bacterial colonization. For a thorough understanding of their complex mechanism and providing a richer background for mesh development, herein, we discuss different clinical mesh products and explore the interactions between their structure and complications. We further explored progress in reducing mesh complications to provide varied strategies that are informative and instructive for mesh modification in different research directions. We hope that this work will spur hernia mesh designers to step up their efforts to develop more practical and accessible meshes by improving the physical structure and chemical properties of meshes to combat the increasing risk of adhesions, infections, and inflammatory reactions. We conclude that further work is needed to solve this pressing problem, especially in the analysis and functionalization of mesh materials, provided of course that the initial performance of the mesh is guaranteed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science &Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.,Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Meiqi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science &Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.,Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science &Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.,Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yansha Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science &Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.,Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science &Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.,Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science &Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.,Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Marinaro F, Silva JM, Barros AA, Aroso IM, Gómez-Blanco JC, Jardin I, Lopez JJ, Pulido M, de Pedro MÁ, Reis RL, Sánchez-Margallo FM, Casado JG, López E. A Fibrin Coating Method of Polypropylene Meshes Enables the Adhesion of Menstrual Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A New Delivery Strategy for Stem Cell-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13385. [PMID: 34948187 PMCID: PMC8706515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) mesh is well-known as a gold standard of all prosthetic materials of choice for the reinforcement of soft tissues in case of hernia, organ prolapse, and urinary incontinence. The adverse effects that follow surgical mesh implantation remain an unmet medical challenge. Herein, it is outlined a new approach to allow viability and adhesion of human menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MenSCs) on PP surgical meshes. A multilayered fibrin coating, based on fibrinogen and thrombin from a commercial fibrin sealant, was optimized to guarantee a homogeneous and stratified film on PP mesh. MenSCs were seeded on the optimized fibrin-coated meshes and their adhesion, viability, phenotype, gene expression, and immunomodulatory capacity were fully evaluated. This coating guaranteed MenSC viability, adhesion and did not trigger any change in their stemness and inflammatory profile. Additionally, MenSCs seeded on fibrin-coated meshes significantly decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation, compared to in vitro stimulated lymphocytes (p < 0.0001). Hence, the proposed fibrin coating for PP surgical meshes may allow the local administration of stromal cells and the reduction of the exacerbated inflammatory response following mesh implantation surgery. Reproducible and easy to adapt to other cell types, this method undoubtedly requires a multidisciplinary and translational approach to be improved for future clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marinaro
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (J.C.G.-B.); (M.P.); (M.Á.d.P.); (E.L.)
| | - Joana M. Silva
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.S.); (A.A.B.); (I.M.A.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandre A. Barros
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.S.); (A.A.B.); (I.M.A.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ivo M. Aroso
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.S.); (A.A.B.); (I.M.A.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Juan C. Gómez-Blanco
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (J.C.G.-B.); (M.P.); (M.Á.d.P.); (E.L.)
| | - Isaac Jardin
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (I.J.); (J.J.L.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Jose J. Lopez
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (I.J.); (J.J.L.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - María Pulido
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (J.C.G.-B.); (M.P.); (M.Á.d.P.); (E.L.)
| | - María Ángeles de Pedro
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (J.C.G.-B.); (M.P.); (M.Á.d.P.); (E.L.)
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.S.); (A.A.B.); (I.M.A.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Francisco Miguel Sánchez-Margallo
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (J.C.G.-B.); (M.P.); (M.Á.d.P.); (E.L.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier G. Casado
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Esther López
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (J.C.G.-B.); (M.P.); (M.Á.d.P.); (E.L.)
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A Short Review on Polymeric Biomaterials as Additives for Lubricants. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081333. [PMID: 33921726 PMCID: PMC8074123 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With increasing environmental concerns and the depletion of petroleum resources, the development of lubricant additives from bioresources has attracted much attention recently. In this review, we reported a few polymers and polymer composites that are synthesized from vegetable oils (soybean oil, sunflower oil, rice bran oil, and castor oil) and used as multifunctional additives in the formulation of eco-friendly lubricant compositions. We mentioned the preparation of vegetable oil-based homo- and copolymers and their characterization by different spectral techniques (FTIR/NMR). The average molecular weights of the polymers are determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Performance evaluations of the polymeric materials mainly as a viscosity index improver (VII), pour point depressant (PPD), and most importantly antifriction additives when blended with lubricating base oils are indicated. Standard ASTM methods have been applied to evaluate their performances. The findings have shown that all the additives discussed are non-toxic, biodegradable, and showed excellent performances compared to commercial petroleum-based additives.
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Puertas-Bartolomé M, Mora-Boza A, García-Fernández L. Emerging Biofabrication Techniques: A Review on Natural Polymers for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1209. [PMID: 33918049 PMCID: PMC8069319 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers have been widely used for biomedical applications in recent decades. They offer the advantages of resembling the extracellular matrix of native tissues and retaining biochemical cues and properties necessary to enhance their biocompatibility, so they usually improve the cellular attachment and behavior and avoid immunological reactions. Moreover, they offer a rapid degradability through natural enzymatic or chemical processes. However, natural polymers present poor mechanical strength, which frequently makes the manipulation processes difficult. Recent advances in biofabrication, 3D printing, microfluidics, and cell-electrospinning allow the manufacturing of complex natural polymer matrixes with biophysical and structural properties similar to those of the extracellular matrix. In addition, these techniques offer the possibility of incorporating different cell lines into the fabrication process, a revolutionary strategy broadly explored in recent years to produce cell-laden scaffolds that can better mimic the properties of functional tissues. In this review, the use of 3D printing, microfluidics, and electrospinning approaches has been extensively investigated for the biofabrication of naturally derived polymer scaffolds with encapsulated cells intended for biomedical applications (e.g., cell therapies, bone and dental grafts, cardiovascular or musculoskeletal tissue regeneration, and wound healing).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Puertas-Bartolomé
- INM—Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ana Mora-Boza
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, 2310 IBB Building, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis García-Fernández
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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