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Tundwal A, Kumar H, Binoj BJ, Sharma R, Kumar G, Kumari R, Dhayal A, Yadav A, Singh D, Kumar P. Developments in conducting polymer-, metal oxide-, and carbon nanotube-based composite electrode materials for supercapacitors: a review. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9406-9439. [PMID: 38516158 PMCID: PMC10951819 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08312h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Supercapacitors are the latest development in the field of energy storage devices (ESDs). A lot of research has been done in the last few decades to increase the performance of supercapacitors. The electrodes of supercapacitors are modified by composite materials based on conducting polymers, metal oxide nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, MXenes, chalcogenides, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), etc. In comparison to rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors have advantages such as quick charging and high power density. This review is focused on the progress in the development of electrode materials for supercapacitors using composite materials based on conducting polymers, graphene, metal oxide nanoparticles/nanofibres, and CNTs. Moreover, we investigated different types of ESDs as well as their electrochemical energy storage mechanisms and kinetic aspects. We have also discussed the classification of different types of SCs; advantages and drawbacks of SCs and other ESDs; and the use of nanofibres, carbon, CNTs, graphene, metal oxide-nanofibres, and conducting polymers as electrode materials for SCs. Furthermore, modifications in the development of different types of SCs such as pseudo-capacitors, hybrid capacitors, and electrical double-layer capacitors are discussed in detail; both electrolyte-based and electrolyte-free supercapacitors are taken into consideration. This review will help in designing and fabricating high-performance supercapacitors with high energy density and power output, which will act as an alternative to Li-ion batteries in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Tundwal
- Dept of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh-123031 India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Dept of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh-123031 India
| | - Bibin J Binoj
- Dept of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh-123031 India
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Dept of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh-123031 India
| | - Gaman Kumar
- Dept of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh-123031 India
| | - Rajni Kumari
- Dept of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh-123031 India
| | - Ankit Dhayal
- Dept of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh-123031 India
| | - Abhiruchi Yadav
- Dept of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh-123031 India
| | | | - Parvin Kumar
- Dept of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra India
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Ul Hoque MI, Holze R. Intrinsically Conducting Polymer Composites as Active Masses in Supercapacitors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030730. [PMID: 36772032 PMCID: PMC9920322 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically conducting polymers ICPs can be combined with further electrochemically active materials into composites for use as active masses in supercapacitor electrodes. Typical examples are inspected with particular attention to the various roles played by the constituents of the composites and to conceivable synergistic effects. Stability of composite electrode materials, as an essential property for practical application, is addressed, taking into account the observed causes and effects of materials degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ikram Ul Hoque
- Discipline of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rudolf Holze
- Department of Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institut für Chemie, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Correspondence:
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Bioanalytical System for Determining the Phenol Index Based on Pseudomonas putida BS394(pBS216) Bacteria Immobilized in a Redox-Active Biocompatible Composite Polymer "Bovine Serum Albumin-Ferrocene-Carbon Nanotubes". Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245366. [PMID: 36559732 PMCID: PMC9786156 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of using the microorganisms Pseudomonas sp. 7p-81, Pseudomonas putida BS394(pBS216), Rhodococcus erythropolis s67, Rhodococcus pyridinivorans 5Ap, Rhodococcus erythropolis X5, Rhodococcus pyridinivorans F5 and Pseudomonas veronii DSM 11331T as the basis of a biosensor for the phenol index to assess water environments was studied. The adaptation of microorganisms to phenol during growth was carried out to increase the selectivity of the analytical system. The most promising microorganisms for biosensor formation were the bacteria P. putida BS394(pBS216). Cells were immobilized in redox-active polymers based on bovine serum albumin modified by ferrocenecarboxaldehyde and based on a composite with a carbon nanotube to increase sensitivity. The rate constants of the interaction of the redox-active polymer and the composite based on it with the biomaterial were 193.8 and 502.8 dm3/(g·s) respectively. For the biosensor created using hydrogel bovine serum albumin-ferrocene-carbon nanotubes, the lower limit of the determined phenol concentrations was 1 × 10-3 mg/dm3, the sensitivity coefficient was (5.8 ± 0.2)∙10-3 μA·dm3/mg, Michaelis constant KM = 230 mg/dm3, the maximum rate of the enzymatic reaction Rmax = 217 µA and the long-term stability of the bioanalyzer was 11 days. As a result of approbation, it was found that the urban water phenol content differed insignificantly, measured by creating a biosensor and using the standard photometric method.
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Jang M, Cho Y, Kim Y, Hahn M, Jung D, Park SY, Lee W, Piao Y. Redox-active conjugated microporous anthraquinonylamine-based polymer network grafted with activated graphene toward high-performance flexible asymmetric supercapacitor electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Overoxidation of Intrinsically Conducting Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081584. [PMID: 35458334 PMCID: PMC9027932 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically conducting polymers may undergo significant changes of molecular structure and material properties when exposed to highly oxidizing conditions or very positive electrode potentials, commonly called overoxidation. The type and extent of the changes depend on the experimental conditions and chemical environment. They may proceed already at much lower rates at lower electrode potentials because some of the processes associated with overoxidation are closely related to more or less reversible redox processes employed in electrochemical energy conversion and electrochromism. These changes may be welcome for some applications of these polymers in sensors, extraction, and surface functionalization, but in many cases, the change of properties affects the performance of the material negatively, contributing to material and device degradation. This report presents published examples, experimental observations, and their interpretations in terms of both structural and of material property changes. Options to limit and suppress overoxidation are presented, and useful applications are described extensively.
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6
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o-Toluidine in electrochemistry – an overview. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe substituted aromatic amine o-toluidine (2-methylaniline, 1-amino-2-methylbenzene) is frequently encountered in electrochemical research as a soluble corrosion inhibitor dissolved in aqueous media used e.g., in cooling systems, as a homomonomer for formation of intrinsically conducting poly-o-toluidine and as a comonomer in formation of respective copolymers and their composites. The obtained polymers are suggested as corrosion protection coatings, as active materials in devices for electrochemical energy storage, but more frequently, they are examined as active components in electrochemical sensors.The significant and pronounced carcinogenicity of o-toluidine has hardly been addressed; presumably, most researchers are not even aware of this property. After a brief summary of the health risks and effects, the following overview presents typical examples of said studies and applications. If possible, substitutes with lower health risks are proposed, at least further studies enabling such replacement are suggested.
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Holze R. Conjugated Molecules and Polymers in Secondary Batteries: A Perspective. Molecules 2022; 27:546. [PMID: 35056862 PMCID: PMC8779067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically conducting polymers constituting a subclass of macromolecules, as well as a still growing family of large, conjugated molecules, oligomers, and polymers, have attracted research interest for the recent decades. Closely corresponding to the fascination of these materials, combining typical properties of organic polymers and metallic materials, numerous applications have been suggested, explored, and sometimes transferred into products. In electrochemistry, they have been used in various functions beyond the initially proposed and obvious application as active masses in devices for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. This perspective contribution wraps up basic facts that are necessary to understand the behavior and properties of the oligo and polymers and their behavior in electrochemical cells for energy conversion by electrode reactions and associated energy storage. Representative examples are presented and discussed, and an overview of the state of research and development is provided. Particular attention is paid to stability and related aspects of practical importance. Future trends and perspectives are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Holze
- Chemnitz University of Technology, Institut für Chemie, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany;
- Saint Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Effects of the composition of active carbon electrodes on the impedance performance of the AC/AC supercapacitors. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-021-05112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yu Y, Han Y, Cui J, Wang C. Cobalt-based metal-organic framework electrodeposited on nickel foam as a binder-free electrode for high-performance supercapacitors. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01870e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt-based metal-organic framework (Co-MOF) has been in-situ grown on nickel foam (NF) by cathodic electrodeposition using highly active cobalt surface modifier to enable uniform nucleation and tight growth of Co-MOF....
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Farooq S, Bilal S, Tahir AA, Shah AUHA. Impact of dopant ratio on the energy harvesting activity of polyaniline modified counter electrodes for Pt‐free dye‐sensitized solar cells. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shehna Farooq
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry University of Wah Punjab Pakistan
| | - Salma Bilal
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Asif Ali Tahir
- Environment and Sustainability Institute (ESI) University of Exeter Penryn UK
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Wang Y, Lv X, Zou S, Lin X, Ni Y. MoS 2/polyaniline/functionalized carbon cloth electrode materials for excellent supercapacitor performance. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10941-10950. [PMID: 35423601 PMCID: PMC8695988 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09126j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), polyaniline (PANI) and their composite (MoS2/PANI) were facilely prepared via a liquid-phase method and in situ polymerization. An MoS2/PANI/functionalized carbon cloth (MoS2/PANI/FCC) was facilely constructed by a drop-casting method. MoS2/PANI-10/FCC displays remarkable electrochemical performances, and its specific capacitances varied from 452.25 to 355.5 F g−1 at current densities ranging from 0.2 to 4 A g−1, which were higher than those of MoS2/CC (from 56.525 to 7.5 F g−1) and pure PANI/CC (319.5 to 248.5 F g−1), respectively. More importantly, the MoS2-10/PANI/FCC electrode has a long cycling life, and a capacity retention of 87% was obtained after 1000 cycles at a large current density of 10 A g−1. Moreover, the MoS2/PANI-10/FCC-based symmetric supercapacitor also exhibits excellent rate performance and good cycling stability. The specific capacitance based on the total mass of the two electrodes is 72.8 F g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 and the capacitance retention of 85% is obtained after 1000 cycles. A MoS2/PANI/functionalized carbon cloth (MoS2/PANI/FCC) was constructed by a drop-casting method. Its specific capacitances were higher than those of MoS2/CC and pure PANI/CC.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China +86 791 83969500 +86 791 83969500
| | - Xinrong Lv
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China +86 791 83969500 +86 791 83969500
| | - Suyan Zou
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China +86 791 83969500 +86 791 83969500
| | - Xiaoyun Lin
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China +86 791 83969500 +86 791 83969500.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Yongnian Ni
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China +86 791 83969500 +86 791 83969500
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Intrinsically conducting polymers and their combinations with redox-active molecules for rechargeable battery electrodes: an update. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIntrinsically conducting polymers and their copolymers and composites with redox-active organic molecules prepared by chemical as well as electrochemical polymerization may yield active masses without additional binder and conducting agents for secondary battery electrodes possibly utilizing the advantageous properties of both constituents are discussed. Beyond these possibilities these polymers have found many applications and functions for various further purposes in secondary batteries, as binders, as protective coatings limiting active material corrosion, unwanted dissolution of active mass ingredients or migration of electrode reaction participants. Selected highlights from this rapidly developing and very diverse field are presented. Possible developments and future directions are outlined.
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