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Kosgallana C, Wijesinghe S, Senanayake M, Mohottalalage SS, Ohl M, Zolnierczuk P, Grest GS, Perahia D. From Molecular Constraints to Macroscopic Dynamics in Associative Networks Formed by Ionizable Polymers: A Neutron Spin Echo and Molecular Dynamics Simulations Study. ACS POLYMERS AU 2024; 4:149-156. [PMID: 38618001 PMCID: PMC11010251 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The association of ionizable polymers strongly affects their motion in solutions, where the constraints arising from clustering of the ionizable groups alter the macroscopic dynamics. The interrelation between the motion on multiple length and time scales is fundamental to a broad range of complex fluids including physical networks, gels, and polymer-nanoparticle complexes where long-lived associations control their structure and dynamics. Using neutron spin echo and fully atomistic, multimillion atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations carried out to times comparable to that of chain segmental motion, the current study resolves the dynamics of networks formed by suflonated polystryene solutions for sulfonation fractions 0 ≤ f ≤ 0.09 across time and length scales. The experimental dynamic structure factors were measured and compared with computational ones, calculated from MD simulations, and analyzed in terms of a sum of two exponential functions, providing two distinctive time scales. These time constants capture confined motion of the network and fast dynamics of the highly solvated segments. A unique relationship between the polymer dynamics and the size and distribution of the ionic clusters was established and correlated with the number of polymer chains that participate in each cluster. The correlation of dynamics in associative complex fluids across time and length scales, enabled by combining the understanding attained from reciprocal space through neutron spin echo and real space, through large scale MD studies, addresses a fundamental long-standing challenge that underline the behavior of soft materials and affect their potential uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathurika Kosgallana
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Sidath Wijesinghe
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
- Department of ChemistryAppalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 26808, United States
| | - Manjula Senanayake
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Supun S Mohottalalage
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Michael Ohl
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Piotr Zolnierczuk
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Gary S Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87175, United States
| | - Dvora Perahia
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
- Department of Physics, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29631, United States
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2
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Beech HK, Johnson JA, Olsen BD. Conformation of Network Strands in Polymer Gels. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:325-330. [PMID: 36802508 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Small angle neutron scattering was used to measure single chain radii of gyration of end-linked polymer gels before and after cross-linking to calculate the prestrain, which is the ratio of the average chain size in a cross-linked network to that of a free chain in solution. The prestrain increased from 1.06 ± 0.01 to 1.16 ± 0.02 as gel synthesis concentration decreased near the overlap concentration, indicating that the chains are slightly more stretched in the network than in solution. Dilute gels with higher loop fractions were found to be spatially homogeneous. Form factor and volumetric scaling analyses independently confirmed that elastic strands stretch by 2-23% from Gaussian conformations to create a space-spanning network, with increased stretching as network synthesis concentration decreases. Prestrain measurements reported here serve as a point of reference for network theories that rely on this parameter for the calculation of mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley K Beech
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley D Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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Ochs J, Pagnacco CA, Barroso-Bujans F. Macrocyclic polymers: Synthesis, purification, properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Honecker D, Bersweiler M, Erokhin S, Berkov D, Chesnel K, Venero DA, Qdemat A, Disch S, Jochum JK, Michels A, Bender P. Using small-angle scattering to guide functional magnetic nanoparticle design. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1026-1059. [PMID: 36131777 PMCID: PMC9417585 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00482d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles offer unique potential for various technological, biomedical, or environmental applications thanks to the size-, shape- and material-dependent tunability of their magnetic properties. To optimize particles for a specific application, it is crucial to interrelate their performance with their structural and magnetic properties. This review presents the advantages of small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering techniques for achieving a detailed multiscale characterization of magnetic nanoparticles and their ensembles in a mesoscopic size range from 1 to a few hundred nanometers with nanometer resolution. Both X-rays and neutrons allow the ensemble-averaged determination of structural properties, such as particle morphology or particle arrangement in multilayers and 3D assemblies. Additionally, the magnetic scattering contributions enable retrieving the internal magnetization profile of the nanoparticles as well as the inter-particle moment correlations caused by interactions within dense assemblies. Most measurements are used to determine the time-averaged ensemble properties, in addition advanced small-angle scattering techniques exist that allow accessing particle and spin dynamics on various timescales. In this review, we focus on conventional small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS), X-ray and neutron reflectometry, gracing-incidence SAXS and SANS, X-ray resonant magnetic scattering, and neutron spin-echo spectroscopy techniques. For each technique, we provide a general overview, present the latest scientific results, and discuss its strengths as well as sample requirements. Finally, we give our perspectives on how future small-angle scattering experiments, especially in combination with micromagnetic simulations, could help to optimize the performance of magnetic nanoparticles for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Honecker
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot OX11 0QX UK
| | - Mathias Bersweiler
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg 162A Avenue de La Faïencerie L-1511 Luxembourg Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Sergey Erokhin
- General Numerics Research Lab Moritz-von-Rohr-Straße 1A D-07745 Jena Germany
| | - Dmitry Berkov
- General Numerics Research Lab Moritz-von-Rohr-Straße 1A D-07745 Jena Germany
| | - Karine Chesnel
- Brigham Young University, Department of Physics and Astronomy Provo Utah 84602 USA
| | - Diego Alba Venero
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot OX11 0QX UK
| | - Asma Qdemat
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie Luxemburger Straße 116 D-50939 Köln Germany
| | - Sabrina Disch
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie Luxemburger Straße 116 D-50939 Köln Germany
| | - Johanna K Jochum
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Andreas Michels
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg 162A Avenue de La Faïencerie L-1511 Luxembourg Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Philipp Bender
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 1 85748 Garching Germany
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Wu R, Matta M, Paulsen BD, Rivnay J. Operando Characterization of Organic Mixed Ionic/Electronic Conducting Materials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4493-4551. [PMID: 35026108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Operando characterization plays an important role in revealing the structure-property relationships of organic mixed ionic/electronic conductors (OMIECs), enabling the direct observation of dynamic changes during device operation and thus guiding the development of new materials. This review focuses on the application of different operando characterization techniques in the study of OMIECs, highlighting the time-dependent and bias-dependent structure, composition, and morphology information extracted from these techniques. We first illustrate the needs, requirements, and challenges of operando characterization then provide an overview of relevant experimental techniques, including spectroscopy, scattering, microbalance, microprobe, and electron microscopy. We also compare different in silico methods and discuss the interplay of these computational methods with experimental techniques. Finally, we provide an outlook on the future development of operando for OMIEC-based devices and look toward multimodal operando techniques for more comprehensive and accurate description of OMIECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Micaela Matta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan D Paulsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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Goto S, Kim K, Matubayasi N. Effects of chain length on Rouse modes and non-Gaussianity in linear and ring polymer melts. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:124901. [PMID: 34598563 DOI: 10.1063/5.0061281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of ring polymer melts are studied via molecular dynamics simulations of the Kremer-Grest bead-spring model. Rouse mode analysis is performed in comparison with linear polymers by changing the chain length. Rouse-like behavior is observed in ring polymers by quantifying the chain length dependence of the Rouse relaxation time, whereas a crossover from Rouse to reptation behavior is observed in linear polymers. Furthermore, the non-Gaussian parameters of the monomer bead displacement and chain center-of-mass displacement are analyzed. It is found that the non-Gaussianity of ring polymers is remarkably suppressed with slight growth for the center-of-mass dynamics at long chain length, which is in contrast to the growth in linear polymers for both the monomer bead and center-of-mass dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Goto
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kang Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Matubayasi
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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Martin-Fabiani I, Drakopoulos SX, Forte G, Prévost S, Hoffmann I, Ronca S. Chain Dynamics of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Composites with Graphene Oxide Nanosheets. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:460-465. [PMID: 35549228 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the melt chain dynamics of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and its composites with graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets by means of neutron spin echo spectroscopy. For the GO concentrations explored, we observe hindered chain dynamics with respect to the pure UHMWPE. We propose a model where a fraction of the polymer is immobilized on top and at the bottom of GO sheets. This model enables us to provide a microscopic measurement of the adsorbed and free polymer fractions, as well as the thickness of the adsorbed layer. Our experiments provide experimental nanoscopic evidence of GO hindering entanglement formation in a polymer melt, a phenomenon that had been observed at the macroscale before via rheological measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Martin-Fabiani
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Stavros X. Drakopoulos
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Giuseppe Forte
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin (ILL), F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Ingo Hoffmann
- Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin (ILL), F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sara Ronca
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
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Parisi D, Costanzo S, Jeong Y, Ahn J, Chang T, Vlassopoulos D, Halverson JD, Kremer K, Ge T, Rubinstein M, Grest GS, Srinin W, Grosberg AY. Nonlinear Shear Rheology of Entangled Polymer Rings. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Parisi
- FORTH and University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
- Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Salvatore Costanzo
- FORTH and University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
- University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Youncheol Jeong
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Junyoung Ahn
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Taihyun Chang
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | | | | | - Kurt Kremer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55021, Germany
| | - Ting Ge
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208-0001, United States
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-9976, United States
- Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
| | - Gary S. Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Watee Srinin
- Naresuan University, Mueang Phitsanulok, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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