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Fonseca-López D, Ezenarro-Salcedo D, Nachtigall FM, Santos LS, Macías MA, Rojas RS, Hurtado JJ. Air-Stable Cobalt(III) and Chromium(III) Complexes as Single-Component Catalysts for the Activation of Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9066-9077. [PMID: 38670933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Cobalt(III) and chromium(III) salophen chloride complexes were synthesized and tested for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide (CO2) with epoxides to obtain cyclic carbonates. The cat1, cat2, cat4, and cat5 complexes presented high catalytic activity without cocatalysts and are solvent-free at 100 °C, 8 bar, and 9 h. At these conditions, the terminal epoxides (1a-1k) were successfully converted into the corresponding cyclic carbonates with a maximum conversion of ∼99%. Moreover, cat5 was highlighted due to its capability of opening internal epoxides such as limonene oxide (1l) with a 36% conversion to limonene carbonate (2l), and from cyclohexene oxide (1m), cyclic trans-cyclohexene carbonate (2m) and poly(cyclohexene carbonate) were obtained with 15% and 85% selectivity, respectively. A study of the coupling reaction mechanism was proposed with the aid of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis, confirming the single-component behavior of the complexes through their ionization due to epoxide coordination. In addition, crystallographic analysis of cat1 single crystals grown in a saturated solution of pyridine helped to demonstrate that the substitution of chloride ion by pyridine ligands to form an octahedral coordination occurs (Py-cat1), supporting the proposed mechanism. Also, a recyclability study was performed for cat5, and a total turnover number of 952 was obtained with only minor losses in catalytic activity after five cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fonseca-López
- Laboratorio en Química Inorgánica, Catálisis y Bioinorgánica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - David Ezenarro-Salcedo
- Laboratorio en Química Inorgánica, Catálisis y Bioinorgánica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Fabiane M Nachtigall
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3467987, Chile
| | - Leonardo S Santos
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chemistry Institute of Natural Resources, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Mario A Macías
- Crystallography and Chemistry of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - René S Rojas
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6094411, Chile
| | - John J Hurtado
- Laboratorio en Química Inorgánica, Catálisis y Bioinorgánica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
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Fonseca-López D, Ezenarro-Salcedo D, Zapata-Rivera J, Rojas RS, Hurtado JJ. Salophen-type Organocatalysts for the Cycloaddition of CO 2 and Epoxides under Solvent, Halide, and Metal-Free Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19385-19394. [PMID: 38708211 PMCID: PMC11064168 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
8-Formyl-7-hydroxycoumarin (A) and their derived salophen-type organocatalysts L1, L2, and L3 were used for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide (CO2) and epoxides under solvent-, halide-, and metal-free conditions. According to previous optimization tests, L1 and L2 had the best catalytic activity presenting 89 and 92% conversion toward the synthesis of 3-chloropropylene carbonate (2c) using 8 bar CO2, 100 °C at 9 h. Therefore, they were used as organocatalysts to complete the catalytic screening with 11 terminal epoxides (1a-k) exhibiting the highest TOF values of 20 and 22 h-1 using 1c and 1b, respectively. Similarly, they were tested with an internal epoxide, such as cyclohexene oxide (1l) exhibiting 72% conversion, becoming the first salophen organocatalyst to obtain cis-cyclohexane carbonate (2l) in the absence of a cocatalyst. In addition, a reaction mechanism was proposed for the formation of cyclic carbonates based on experimental data and computational techniques; these contributed in establishing a probable role of CO2 pressure along the catalysis and the hydrogen bonds that favor the stabilization of the different intermediates of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fonseca-López
- Laboratorio
de Química Inorgánica, Catálisis y Bioinorgánica.
Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - David Ezenarro-Salcedo
- Laboratorio
de Química Inorgánica, Catálisis y Bioinorgánica.
Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Jhon Zapata-Rivera
- Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia
| | - René S. Rojas
- Laboratorio
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y
de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica
de Chile, Santiago 6094411, Chile
| | - John J. Hurtado
- Laboratorio
de Química Inorgánica, Catálisis y Bioinorgánica.
Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
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Martins LM. Catalytic applications of recent metal poly(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-methane scorpionates. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Perfluoroaryl Zinc Catalysts Active in Cyclohexene Oxide Homopolymerization and Alternating Copolymerization with Carbon Dioxide. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12090970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc complex Zn(C6F5)2(toluene) (1) behaves as a very active and selective catalyst in cyclohexene oxide (CHO) polymerization to produce poly(cyclohexene oxide) (PCHO) by the trans-ring-opening of CHO with remarkable TOF values at room temperature. The ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of CO2 with CHO catalysed by 1 yields poly(cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC) when using benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as an initiator at 120°C. The 1H NMR monitoring of the in situ reaction of 1 with BnOH highlighted the formation of the dinuclear species [(C6F5)2Zn2(BnO)2 (2) that was isolated and found an active catalyst in the ROCOP of CO2 with CHO in the absence of initiators. Interestingly, PCHCs by 2 in solventless conditions show polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) values close to 2, corresponding to those expected for a single-site catalyst; on the contrary, a broader polydispersity index of the polymer products was found in toluene solution, suggesting the formation of new zinc catalysts during the polymerization reaction.
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González‐Montiel S, Ignacio Sandoval‐Chávez C, Castillo‐Moreno MÁ, Mendoza‐Espinosa D, Manuel Vásquez‐Pérez J, Cruz‐Borbolla J, Salazar‐Pereda V. Coordination from Heteroscorpionate Ligand Towards Pd(II) via Pd⋅⋅⋅Hδ−C(sp3) Interaction: Structural and Catalytic Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simplicio González‐Montiel
- Área Académica de Química, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo km. 14.5 Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo, Ciudad del Conocimiento C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo México
| | - César Ignacio Sandoval‐Chávez
- CONACYT Research-Fellow, Área Académica de Química, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo km. 14.5 Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo, Ciudad del Conocimiento C. P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo México
| | - Miguel Ángel Castillo‐Moreno
- Área Académica de Química, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo km. 14.5 Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo, Ciudad del Conocimiento C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo México
| | - Daniel Mendoza‐Espinosa
- Área Académica de Química, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo km. 14.5 Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo, Ciudad del Conocimiento C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo México
| | - José Manuel Vásquez‐Pérez
- CONACYT Research-Fellow, Área Académica de Química, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo km. 14.5 Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo, Ciudad del Conocimiento C. P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo México
| | - Julián Cruz‐Borbolla
- Área Académica de Química, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo km. 14.5 Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo, Ciudad del Conocimiento C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo México
| | - Verónica Salazar‐Pereda
- Área Académica de Química, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo km. 14.5 Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo, Ciudad del Conocimiento C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo México
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Liang X, Tan F, Zhu Y. Recent Developments in Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Epoxides With CO 2 and Cyclic Anhydrides for Biomedical Applications. Front Chem 2021; 9:647245. [PMID: 33959588 PMCID: PMC8093832 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.647245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The biomedical applications of polyesters and polycarbonates are of interest due to their potential biocompatibility and biodegradability. Confined by the narrow scope of monomers and the lack of controlled polymerization routes, the biomedical-related applications of polyesters and polycarbonates remain challenging. To address this challenge, ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) has been exploited to prepare new alternating polyesters and polycarbonates, which would be hard to synthesize using other controlled polymerization methods. This review highlights recent advances in catalyst development, including the emerging dinuclear organometallic complexes and metal-free Lewis pair systems. The post-polymerization modification methods involved in tailoring the biomedical functions of resultant polyesters and polycarbonates are summarized. Pioneering attempts for the biomedical applications of ROCOP polyesters and polycarbonates are presented, and the future opportunities and challenges are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunqing Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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