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Mohan C, Kumari P, Kumari N, Negi A. Fabrication of Colored Polymeric Membrane Using Clay-Based Nano Pigments of Safranin O (SO) Dye. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:619. [PMID: 37504985 PMCID: PMC10383822 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a novel methodology was developed for the fabrication of clay-based nano pigments with enhanced thermal stability and used further as a colorant to prepare polymeric membranes. Initially, the batch extraction studies were performed to analyze the maximum adsorption of Safranin O (SO) dye onto pristine montmorillonite (Mt) and organo montmorillonite (OMt) by varying different parameters like pH, contact time, and concentration. It was confirmed from batch extraction studies that the adsorption efficacy of pristine Mt for SO was found to be more than OMt due to their negatively charged surface. Clay-based nano pigments were fabricated by considering the optimized condition where the maximum uptake of SO was observed and further characterized by XRD, FTIR, TGA, and SEM techniques. XRD studies confirmed the intercalation of SO dye while FTIR spectra revealed surface interaction of the dye with Mt/OMt. TGA studies showed that the clay-based nano pigments had more thermal stability than pure SO. Nano pigments were used as colorants to prepare thin, transparent, and homogeneously dispersed polymeric membranes through the solvent casting method. XRD studies of the polymeric membrane confirmed that the intercalation of poly methylmethacrylate (PMMA) into the interlayer of clay increases interlayer spacing, which was further confirmed by the TEM analysis. The mechanical properties of the PMMA polymeric membrane were also enhanced after the dispersion of clay-based nano pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Mohan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, K. R. Mangalam University Gurugram, Gurugram 122103, India
| | - Priyanka Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110027, India
| | - Neeraj Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, K. R. Mangalam University Gurugram, Gurugram 122103, India
| | - Arvind Negi
- Department of Bioproduct and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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Micó-Vicent B, Ramos M, Viqueira V, Luzi F, Dominici F, Terenzi A, Maron E, Hamzaoui M, Kohnen S, Torre L, Jiménez A, Puglia D, Garrigós MC. Anthocyanin Hybrid Nanopigments from Pomegranate Waste: Colour, Thermomechanical Stability and Environmental Impact of Polyester-Based Bionanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13121966. [PMID: 34198703 PMCID: PMC8232300 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, anthocyanin (ACN) hybrid nanopigments were synthetized by using a natural pomegranate dye (PD) and calcined hydrotalcite (HT) and montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclays. A wide colour gamut was obtained with MMT-based nanopigments ranging from reddish to bluish hues caused by structural transformations of ACNs at different pH values. However, a buffer effect was observed with HT obtaining samples a similar final colour regardless of the synthesis conditions. Nanopigments added with a biomordant extracted from pomegranate peels showed a different colour compared to the incorporation of a commercial mordant due to the intrinsic colouring properties of the pomegranate bioadditive. The developed nanopigments were incorporated at 7 wt% loading to produce novel polyester-based bionanocomposites which were characterized in terms of thermal, mechanical and colour properties. The encapsulation of PD into the nanoclays improved its thermal stability, in particular for MMT-based nanopigments. The pH changes observed during the nanofillers synthesis affected the final colour of the MMT-based nanocomposites, inducing a general increase in ∆E* and a decrease in gloss values. Slight improvements were obtained in terms of elastic modulus for MMT-based polymer samples confirming the applicability of the developed bionanocomposites as colouring and reinforcement materials. A very similar environmental profile was obtained for MMT and HT-based nanofillers showing MMT-based nanopigments a slightly better general behaviour. The results of the LCA study evidenced the suitability of the processes used in this work to the circular bioeconomy approach through sustainable food waste management and the production of bioplastics using waste substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Micó-Vicent
- Colour and Vision Group, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, ES-03690 Alicante, Spain; (B.M.-V.); (V.V.)
- Department of Applied Statistics and Operational Research, and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València, ES-03801 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Ramos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, ES-03690 Alicante, Spain; (M.R.); (A.J.)
| | - Valentin Viqueira
- Colour and Vision Group, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, ES-03690 Alicante, Spain; (B.M.-V.); (V.V.)
| | - Francesca Luzi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (F.D.); (A.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Franco Dominici
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (F.D.); (A.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Andrea Terenzi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (F.D.); (A.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Etienne Maron
- Biomass Valorisation Platform, Celabor scrl, Avenue du Parc 38, 4650 Herve, Belgium; (E.M.); (M.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Mahmoud Hamzaoui
- Biomass Valorisation Platform, Celabor scrl, Avenue du Parc 38, 4650 Herve, Belgium; (E.M.); (M.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Stephane Kohnen
- Biomass Valorisation Platform, Celabor scrl, Avenue du Parc 38, 4650 Herve, Belgium; (E.M.); (M.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Luigi Torre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (F.D.); (A.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Alfonso Jiménez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, ES-03690 Alicante, Spain; (M.R.); (A.J.)
| | - Debora Puglia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (F.D.); (A.T.); (L.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (M.C.G.)
| | - María Carmen Garrigós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, ES-03690 Alicante, Spain; (M.R.); (A.J.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (M.C.G.)
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The Use of Thermal Techniques in the Characterization of Bio-Sourced Polymers. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14071686. [PMID: 33808127 PMCID: PMC8037720 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The public pressure about the problems derived from the environmental issues increasingly pushes the research areas, of both industrial and academic sectors, to design material architectures with more and more foundations and reinforcements derived from renewable sources. In these efforts, researchers make extensive and profound use of thermal analysis. Among the different techniques available, thermal analysis offers, in addition to high accuracy in the measurement, smartness of execution, allowing to obtain with a very limited quantity of material precious information regarding the property–structure correlation, essential not only in the production process, but overall, in the design one. Thus, techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis (DTA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were, are, and will be used in this transition from fossil feedstock to renewable ones, and in the development on new manufacturing processes such as those of additive manufacturing (AM). In this review, we report the state of the art of the last two years, as regards the use of thermal techniques in biopolymer design, polymer recycling, and the preparation of recyclable polymers as well as potential tools for biopolymer design in AM. For each study, we highlight how the most known thermal parameters, namely glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tf), crystallization temperature (Tc) and percentage (%c), initial decomposition temperature (Ti), temperature at maximum mass loss rate (Tm), and tan δ, helped the researchers in understanding the characteristics of the investigated materials and the right way to the best design and preparation.
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