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Muhindo D, Ashour EA, Almutairi M, Repka MA. Development of Subdermal Implants Using Direct Powder Extrusion 3D Printing and Hot-Melt Extrusion Technologies. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:215. [PMID: 37857937 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Implants are drug delivery platforms that consist of a drug-polymer matrix with the ability of providing a localized and efficient controlled release of the drug with minimal side effects and achievement of the desired therapeutic outcomes with low drug loadings. Direct powder extrusion (DPE) 3D printing technology involves the extrusion of material through a nozzle of the printer in the form of pellets or powder. The present study aimed at investigating the use of the CELLINK BIO X™ bioprinter using DPE 3D printing technique to fabricate and evaluate the impact of different shapes (cuboid, cylinder, and tube) of raloxifene hydrochloride (RFH)-loaded subdermal implants on the release of RFH from the implants. This study further evaluated the impact of different processing techniques, viz., hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology vs. DPE 3D printing technique, on the release of RFH from the implants fabricated by each processing technique. All the fabricated implants were characterized by XRD, DSC, SEM, and FTIR, and evaluated for their water uptake, mass loss, and in vitro RFH release. The current study successfully demonstrated a great opportunity of controlling and/or tuning the release of RFH from the subdermal implants by altering the implant shape, and hence surface area, and could be a great contribution and/or addition to the personalization of medicines and improvement of patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick Muhindo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Eman A Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Mashan Almutairi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, 81442, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
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Singh S, Kumar Paswan K, Kumar A, Gupta V, Sonker M, Ashhar Khan M, Kumar A, Shreyash N. Recent Advancements in Polyurethane-based Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:327-348. [PMID: 36719800 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In tissue engineering, polyurethane-based implants have gained significant traction because of their high compatibility and inertness. The implants therefore show fewer side effects and lasts longer. Also, the mechanical properties can be tuned and morphed into a particular shape, owing to which polyurethanes show immense versatility. In the last 3 years, scientists have devised methods to enhance the strength of and induce dynamic properties in polyurethanes, and these developments offer an immense opportunity to use them in tissue engineering. The focus of this review is on applications of polyurethane implants for biomedical application with detailed analysis of hard tissue implants like bone tissues and soft tissues like cartilage, muscles, skeletal tissues, and blood vessels. The synthetic routes for the preparation of scaffolds have been discussed to gain a better understanding of the issues that arise regarding toxicity. The focus here is also on concerns regarding the biocompatibility of the implants, given that the precursors and byproducts are poisonous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriti Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Mubarakpur Mukhatiya, Uttar Pradesh 229304, India
| | - Karan Kumar Paswan
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Mubarakpur Mukhatiya, Uttar Pradesh 229304, India
| | - Alok Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Mubarakpur Mukhatiya, Uttar Pradesh 229304, India
| | - Vishwas Gupta
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Mubarakpur Mukhatiya, Uttar Pradesh 229304, India
| | - Muskan Sonker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mohd Ashhar Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Amrit Kumar
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Panipat Refinery, Panipat, Odisha 132140, India
| | - Nehil Shreyash
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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Pothupitiya JU, Zheng C, Saltzman WM. Synthetic biodegradable polyesters for implantable controlled-release devices. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1351-1364. [PMID: 36197839 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2131768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Implantable devices can be designed to release drugs to localized regions of tissue at sustained and reliable rates. Advances in polymer engineering have led to the design and development of drug-loaded implants with predictable, desirable release profiles. Biodegradable polyesters exhibit chemical, physical, and biological properties suitable for developing implants for pain management, cancer therapy, contraception, antiviral therapy, and other applications. AREAS COVERED : This article reviews the use of biodegradable polyesters for drug-loaded implants by discussing the properties of commonly used polymers, techniques for implant formulation and manufacturing, mechanisms of drug release, and clinical applications of implants as drug delivery devices. EXPERT OPINION : Drug delivery implants are unique systems for safe and sustained drug release, providing high bioavailability and low toxicity. Depending on the implant design and tissue site of deployment, implants can offer either localized or systemic drug release. Due to the long history of use of degradable polyesters in medical devices, polyester-based implants represent an important class of controlled release technologies. Further, polyester-based implants are the largest category of drug delivery implants to reach the point of testing in humans or approval for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinal U Pothupitiya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University; New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Christy Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University; New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University; New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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Zupančič O, Spoerk M, Paudel A. Lipid-based solubilization technology via hot melt extrusion: promises and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1013-1032. [PMID: 35943158 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2112173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) are a promising strategy to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs (PWSD). The excipients of SEDDS enable permeation through the mucus and gastro-intestinal barrier, inhibiting efflux transporters (e.g. P-glycoprotein) of drugs. Poor drug loading capacity and formulation instability are the main setbacks of traditional SEDDS. The use of polymeric precipitation inhibitors was shown to create supersaturable SEDDS with increased drug payload, and their solidification can help to overcome the instability challenge. As an alternative to several existing SEDDS solidification technologies, hot melt extrusion (HME) holds the potential for lean and continuous manufacturing of supersaturable solid-SEDDS. Despite being ubiquitously applied in solid lipid and polymeric processing, HME has not yet been widely considered for the preparation of SEDDS. AREAS COVERED The review begins with the rationale why SEDDS as the preferred lipid-based delivery systems (LBDS) is suitable for the oral delivery of PWSD and discusses the common barriers to oral administration. The potential of LBDS to surmount them is discussed. SEDDS as the flagship of LBDS for PWSD is proposed with a special emphasis on solid-SEDDS. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of HME from the lipid-based excipient (LBE) processing and product performance standpoint are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION HME can be a continuous, solvent-free, cost-effective, and scalable technology for manufacturing solid supersaturable SEDDS. Several critical formulations and process parameters in successfully preparing SEDDS via HME are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ožbej Zupančič
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Spoerk
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Abdelhamid M, Koutsamanis I, Corzo C, Maisriemler M, Ocampo AB, Slama E, Alva C, Lochmann D, Reyer S, Freichel T, Salar-Behzadi S, Spoerk M. Filament-based 3D-printing of placebo dosage forms using brittle lipid-based excipients. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122013. [PMID: 35839981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to expand the limited portfolio of available polymer-based excipients for fabricating three-dimensional (3D) printed pharmaceutical products, Lipid-based excipients (LBEs) have yet to be thoroughly investigated. The technical obstacle of LBEs application is, however their crystalline nature that renders them very brittle and challenging for processing via 3D-printing. In this work, we evaluated the functionality of LBEs for filament-based 3D-printing of oral dosage forms. Polyglycerol partial ester of palmitic acid and polyethylene glycols monostearate were selected as LBEs, based on their chemical structure, possessing polar groups for providing hydrogen-bonding sites. A fundamental understanding of structure-function relationship was built to screen the critical material attributes relevant for both extrusion and 3D-printing processes. The thermal behavior of lipids, including the degree of their supercooling, was the critical attribute for their processing. The extrudability of materials was improved through different feeding approaches, including the common powder feeding and a devised liquid feeding setup. Liquid feeding was found to be more efficient, allowing the production of filaments with high flexibility and improved printability. Filaments with superior performance were produced using polyglycerol ester of palmitic acid. In-house designed modifications of the utilized 3D-printer were essential for a flawless processing of the filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moaaz Abdelhamid
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Carolina Corzo
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Eyke Slama
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Carolina Alva
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Sharareh Salar-Behzadi
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Graz, Austria.
| | - Martin Spoerk
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
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Eder S, Wiltschko L, Koutsamanis I, Alberto Afonso Urich J, Arbeiter F, Roblegg E, Spoerk M. Toward a new generation of vaginal pessaries via 3D-printing: concomitant mechanical support and drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 174:77-89. [PMID: 35390451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To improve patient adherence, vaginal pessaries - polymeric structures providing mechanical support to treat stress urinary incontinence (SUI) - greatly benefit from 3D-printing through customization of their mechanics, e.g. infill modifications. However, currently only limited polymers provide both flawless printability and controlled drug release. The current study closes this gap by exploring 3D-printing, more specifically fused filament fabrication, of pharmaceutical grade thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) of different hardness and hydrophilicity into complex pessary structures. Next to the pessary mechanics, drug incorporation into such a device was addressed for the first time. Mechanically, the soft hydrophobic TPU was the most promising candidate for pessary customization, as pessaries made thereof covered a broad range of the key mechanical parameter, while allowing self-insertion. From the drug release point of view, the hydrophobic TPUs were superior over the hydrophilic one, as the release levels of the model drug acyclovir were closer to the target value. Summarizing, the fabrication of TPU-based pessaries via 3D-printing is an innovative strategy to create a customized pessary combination product that simultaneously provides mechanical support and pharmacological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Eder
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Laura Wiltschko
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ioannis Koutsamanis
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Florian Arbeiter
- Materials Science and Testing of Polymers, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto Gloeckel-Straße 2, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz
| | - Martin Spoerk
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Salave S, Prayag K, Rana D, Amate P, Pardhe R, Jadhav A, Jindal AB, Benival D. Recent Progress in Hot Melt Extrusion Technology in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form Design. RECENT ADVANCES IN DRUG DELIVERY AND FORMULATION 2022; 16:170-191. [PMID: 35986528 DOI: 10.2174/2667387816666220819124605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hot Melt Extrusion (HME) technique has shown tremendous potential in transforming highly hydrophobic crystalline drug substances into amorphous solids without using solvents. This review explores in detail the general considerations involved in the process of HME, its applications and advances. OBJECTIVE The present review examines the physicochemical properties of polymers pertinent to the HME process. Theoretical approaches for the screening of polymers are highlighted as a part of successful HME processed drug products. The critical quality attributes associated with the process of HME are also discussed in this review. HME plays a significant role in the dosage form design, and the same has been mentioned with suitable examples. The role of HME in developing several sustained release formulations, films, and implants is described along with the research carried out in a similar domain. METHODS The method includes the collection of data from different search engines like PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SciFinder to get coverage of relevant literature for accumulating appropriate information regarding HME, its importance in pharmaceutical product development, and advanced applications. RESULTS HME is known to have advanced pharmaceutical applications in the domains related to 3D printing, nanotechnology, and PAT technology. HME-based technologies explored using Design-of- Experiments also lead to the systematic development of pharmaceutical formulations. CONCLUSION HME remains an adaptable and differentiated technique for overall formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Salave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Kedar Prayag
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dhwani Rana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Prakash Amate
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rupali Pardhe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ajinkya Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Anil B Jindal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Derajram Benival
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
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dos Santos J, da Silva GS, Velho MC, Beck RCR. Eudragit ®: A Versatile Family of Polymers for Hot Melt Extrusion and 3D Printing Processes in Pharmaceutics. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1424. [PMID: 34575500 PMCID: PMC8471576 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Eudragit® polymers are polymethacrylates highly used in pharmaceutics for the development of modified drug delivery systems. They are widely known due to their versatility with regards to chemical composition, solubility, and swelling properties. Moreover, Eudragit polymers are thermoplastic, and their use has been boosted in some production processes, such as hot melt extrusion (HME) and fused deposition modelling 3D printing, among other 3D printing techniques. Therefore, this review covers the studies using Eudragit polymers in the development of drug delivery systems produced by HME and 3D printing techniques over the last 10 years. Eudragit E has been the most used among them, mostly to formulate immediate release systems or as a taste-masker agent. On the other hand, Eudragit RS and Eudragit L100-55 have mainly been used to produce controlled and delayed release systems, respectively. The use of Eudragit polymers in these processes has frequently been devoted to producing solid dispersions and/or to prepare filaments to be 3D printed in different dosage forms. In this review, we highlight the countless possibilities offered by Eudragit polymers in HME and 3D printing, whether alone or in blends, discussing their prominence in the development of innovative modified drug release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Guilherme Silveira da Silva
- Departamento de Produção e Controle de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-900, Brazil;
| | - Maiara Callegaro Velho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.); (M.C.V.)
- Departamento de Produção e Controle de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-900, Brazil;
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Li X, Liu X, Xie X, Liu C, Chen Z, Kou J, Wu L, Chen Q. Rheological properties study of PBE, a random high impact polypropylene-based copolymer. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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