New Functionalized Polymeric Sensor Based NiO/MgO Nanocomposite for Potentiometric Determination of Doxorubicin Hydrochloride in Commercial Injections and Human Plasma

Exploiting of Green Synthesized Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in the Potentiometric Determination of Metformin Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Products

The advanced and highly functional properties of Al2O3 and NiO nanoparticles promote the widespread use of metal oxides as remarkable electroactive materials for sensing and electrochemical applications. The proposed study describes a comparison of the sensitivity and selectivity of two modified wire membrane sensors enriched with Al2O3 and NiO nanoparticles with conventional wire membranes for the quantification of the antidiabetic drug metformin hydrochloride (MTF). The results show linear relationships of the enriched Al2O3 and NiO nanosensors over the concentration ranges 1.0 × 10-10-1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1 and 1.0 × 10-6-1.0 × 10-2 M for both the modified sensors and the conventional coated wire membrane sensors. The regression equations were EmV = (52.1 ± 0.5) log (MTF) + 729 for enriched nanometallic oxides, EmV = (57.04 ± 0.4) log (MTF) + 890.66, and EmV = (58.27 ± 0.7) log (MTF) + 843.27 with correlation coefficients of 0.9991, 0.9997, and 0.9998 for the aforementioned sensors, respectively. The proposed method was fully validated with respect to the recommendations of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The newly functionalized sensors have been successfully used for the determination of MTF in its commercial products.

Prospective of Agro-Waste Husks for Biogenic Synthesis of Polymeric-Based CeO2/NiO Nanocomposite Sensor for Determination of Mebeverine Hydrochloride

BACKGROUND

The remarkable properties of nickel oxide (NiO) and cerium oxide (CeO₂) nanostructures have attracted considerable interest in these nanocomposites as potential electroactive materials for sensor construction.

METHODS

The mebeverine hydrochloride (MBHCl) content of commercial formulations was determined in this study using a unique factionalized CeO₂/NiO-nanocomposite-coated membrane sensor.

RESULTS

Mebeverine-phosphotungstate (MB-PT) was prepared by adding phosphotungstic acid to mebeverine hydrochloride and mixing with a polymeric matrix (polyvinyl chloride, PVC) and plasticizing agent o-nitrophenyl octyl ether. The new suggested sensor showed an excellent linear detection range of the selected analyte at 1.0 × 10^-8-1.0 × 10^-2 mol L^-1 with regression equation E_mV = (-29.429 ± 0.2) log [MB] + 347.86. However, the unfunctionalized sensor MB-PT displayed less linearity at 1.0 × 10^-5-1.0 × 10^-2 mol L^-1 drug solution with regression equation E_mV = (-26.603 ± 0.5) log [MB] + 256.81. By considering a number of factors, the applicability and validity of the suggested potentiometric system were improved following the rules of analytical methodological requirements.

CONCLUSION

The created potentiometric technique worked well for determining MB in bulk substance and in medical commercial samples.

A Lateral Flow Device for Point-of-Care Detection of Doxorubicin

A simple, rapid, and sensitive point-of-care (POC) device for the on-site detection of doxorubicin was developed. The proposed method relies on the naked-eye detection of the intrinsic fluorescence of the drug in a lateral flow device (LFD) configuration, exploiting the biological recognition of DNA probes and avoiding the use of expensive antibodies and sophisticated instrumentations. The POC assay does not require any pre-treatment or purification step and provides an immediate visual readout, achieving a limit of detection as low as ca. 1 ng doxorubicin, outperforming several laboratory-based instrumental techniques. The POC method was proven useful for the detection of trace amounts of the drug both in the case of water solutions (to simulate surface contaminations) and in urine samples, opening promising perspectives for routine monitoring of doxorubicin, with potential benefit to healthcare workers and personalized chemotherapies.

Ultrasensitive Functionalized Polymeric-Nanometal Oxide Sensors for Potentiometric Determination of Ranitidine Hydrochloride

Two metal oxide nanoparticles, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) and aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al₂O₃NPs), were synthesized from green sources, Salvia officials and Cuminum cyminum seed extract, respectively. These nanoparticles were used for construction of potentiometric enhancement sensors employed for the estimation of ranitidine hydrochloride (RNT) in authentic powder and commercial products. The electroactive substance ranitidine-phosphotungstate (RNT-PT) was formed by combining RNT with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) in the presence of plasticizing material o-nitrophenyloctyl ether (o-NPOE). The outcomes showed that the enhanced MgO and Al₂O₃ nanosensors behaved linearly across the concentration ranges 1.0 × 10^-9-1.0 × 10^-2 and 1.0 × 10^-10-1.0 × 10^-2 mol L^-1, respectively. However, the conventional sensor (RNT-PT) displayed a linearity over 1.0 × 10^-6-1.0 × 10^-2 mol L^-1. Least square equations were calculated as E_mV = (54.1 ± 0.5) log (RNT) + 762.33, E_mV = (58.6 ± 0.2) log (RNT) + 696.48, and E_mV = (52.2 ± 0.7) log (RNT) + 756.76 for enriched nanometal oxides modified and conventional sensors, respectively. The correlation coefficients of regression equations were 0.9997, 0.9995, and 0.9992 for the above suggested sensors, respectively. The recorded results showed excellent sensitivity and selectivity of the modified nanometal oxide sensors for the quantification of the analyzed drug in its authentic samples and commercial products.

Bioinorganic Synthesis of Sodium Polytungstate/Polyoxometalate in Microbial Kombucha Media for Precise Detection of Doxorubicin

In this study, we have developed a new platform of polyoxometalate as a biocompatible and electrosensitive polymeric biosensor for the accurate detection of doxorubicin. For this purpose, we used a green synthesis approach using tartaric acid, glutamic acid, and kombucha solvent. Thanks to its bioinorganic components, the biogenic approach can chemically modify and improve the performance of the biosensor, which was experimentally confirmed. Our results showed excellent sensitivity (175.72 μA·μM⁻¹·cm⁻²), low detection limit (DL, 8.12 nM), and low quantification limit (QL, 0.056 μM) when the newly developed biosensor was used. The results also show that the biosynthesized biosensor has improved performance in detecting DOX in the biological fluid with an accuracy of more than 99% depending on the components used, which underlines the high efficiency of the biosensor produced. Considering the body's physiological condition, the biosensor fabricated as a biocompatible component can show high efficiency. Therefore, its applicability for clinical use still needs to be studied in detail.

Atropine-Phosphotungestate Polymeric-Based Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Potentiometric Detection in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

The new research presents highly conductive polymeric membranes with a large surface area to volume ratio of metal oxide nanoparticles that were used to determine atropine sulfate (AT) in commercial dosage forms. In sensing and biosensing applications, the nanomaterials zinc oxide (ZnONPs) and magnesium oxide (MgONPs) were employed as boosting potential electroactive materials. The electroactive atropine phosphotungstate (AT-PT) was created by combining atropine sulfate and phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and mixing it with polymeric polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with the plasticizer o-nitrophenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE). The modified sensors AT-PT-ZnONPs or AT-PT-MgONPs showed excellent selectivity and sensitivity for the measurements of atropine with a linear concentration range of 6.0 × 10⁻⁸ − 1.0 × 10⁻³ and 8.0 × 10⁻⁸ − 1.0 × 10⁻³ mol L⁻¹ with regression equations of E_(mV) = (56 ± 0.5) log [AT] − 294 and E_(mV) = (54 ± 0.5) log [AT] − 422 for AT-PT-NPs or AT-PT-MgONPs sensors, respectively. The AT-PT coated wire sensor, on the other hand, showed a Nernstian response at 4.0 × 10⁻⁶ − 1.0 × 10⁻³ mol L⁻¹ and a regression equation E_(mV) = (52.1 ± 0.2) log [AT] + 198. The methodology-recommended guidelines were used to validate the suggested modified potentiometric systems against various criteria.

HPLC with fluorescence detection for the bioanalysis and pharmacokinetic study of Doxorubicin and Prodigiosin loaded on eco-friendly casein nanomicelles in rat plasma

A rapid, efficient, and sensitive liquid chromatographic assay hyphenated to fluorometric detector (HPLC-FLD) was developed and validated for the determination of doxorubicin (DXR) and prodigiosin (PDG) in rat plasma. The sample pre-treatment involves a protein precipitation with acetonitrile with satisfying extraction efficiency (98% and 85% for DXR and PDG, respectively). The chromatographic separation was accomplished using stationary phase: Agilent Zorbax Eclipse plus-C18 analytical column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and gradient eluting mobile phase of ammonium acetate (pH = 3), acetonitrile and methanol with programmed fluorescence detection. As the proposed method has been validated, it was subsequently implemented to evaluate DXR and PDG loaded on novel eco-friendly Casein nano drug delivery system after intravenous injection in healthy rats. A comparative pharmacokinetics' study was carried out in rats for DXR in free form, DXR alone entrapped in the nanomicelle and DXR with PDG entrapped in the nano micelle. After testing the differences in pharmacokinetic parameters of the different formulations using ANOVA, the results showed insignificant differences among the tested parameters. This indicates that the presented nanomicelle delivery system has succeeded to incorporate PDG and DXR in a hydrophilic, safe, and potent formulation. This novel nanomicelle has negligible effect on the distribution and elimination of DXR.

Doxorubicin Anticancer Drug Monitoring by ds-DNA-Based Electrochemical Biosensor in Clinical Samples

In this research, glassy carbon electrode (GCE) amplified with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and ds-DNA was fabricated and utilized for voltammetric sensing of doxorubicin with a low detection limit. In this technique, the reduction in guanine signal of ds-DNA in the presence of doxorubicin (DOX) was chosen as an analytical factor. The molecular docking study revealed that the doxorubicin drug interacted with DNA through intercalation mode, which was in agreement with obtained experimental results. The DOX detection performance of ds-DNA/SWCNTs/GCE was assessed at a concentration range of 1.0 nM-20.0 µM. The detection limit was found to be 0.6 nM that was comparable and even better (in many cases) than that of previous electrochemical reported sensors. In the final step, the ds-DNA/SWCNTs/GCE showed powerful ability for determination of the DOX in injection samples with acceptable recovery data.

Highly Functionalized Modified Metal Oxides Polymeric Sensors for Potentiometric Determination of Letrozole in Commercial Oral Tablets and Biosamples

The advanced and high-functional activities of magnesium oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles encourage the extensive use of these metal oxides as remarkable electroactive materials in electrochemical and sensing detections. The current study described a comparative sensing activity and selectivity of modified coated wire membrane sensors enriched with magnesium oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles for quantifying the breast cancer medication letrozole (LTZ) in its pharmaceutical form and human plasma. The fabricated sensors were based on the incorporation of LTZ with phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) to form the electroactive complex letrozole-phosphomolybate (LTZ-PM) in the presence of o-nitrophenyloctyl ether (o-NPOE) as a solvent mediator. Under optimum conditions, the modified sensors LTZ-PM-MgONPs and LTZ-PM-CuONPs demonstrated linear relationships of 1.0 × 10-8-1.0 × 10-2 and 1.0 × 10-10-1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1, respectively. Least square equations were calculated as EmV = (56.4 ± 0.7) log [LTZ] + 569.6 and EmV = (58.7 ± 0.3) log [LTZ] + 692.6 for LTZ-PM-MgONPs and LTZ-PM-CuONPs, respectively. The conventional type LTZ-PM showed a potential response EmV = (53.3 ± 0.5) log [LTZ] + 451.4 over concentration range of 1.0 × 10-6-1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1. The suggested sensors were successfully used to determine LTZ in pharmaceutical formulations and biosamples. Method validation ensured the suitability of the suggested potentiometric sensors.