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Liu Y, Zhao X, Wu F, Chen J, Luo J, Wu C, Chen T. Effectiveness of vaginal probiotics Lactobacillus crispatus chen-01 in women with high-risk HPV infection: a prospective controlled pilot study. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:206032. [PMID: 39058300 DOI: 10.18632/aging.206032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Female genital tract infection with high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) has the risk of developing into cervical cancer, and there is still a lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Probiotic intervention is considered as a potential intervention for HR-HPV, while exploration into living probiotic preparations for specific diseases remains limited and insufficient. This prospective controlled pilot study was conducted to observe the effect of intravaginal transplantation of a vaginal isolated natural probiotic strain, Lactobacillus crispatus chen-01, on the clearance of high-risk HPV infection. 100 women with high-risk HPV infection were enrolled and randomly divided into placebo group and probiotic treatment group, which received intravaginal transplantation of L. crispatus chen-01. Cervical exfoliated cells were collected 6 months later for detecting DNA load, typing of HPV, and cytological analysis. Our results showed that vaginal transplantation with L. crispatus chen-01 significantly reduced viral load of HPV, ameliorated HPV clearance rate, and improved vaginal inflammation state without causing obvious adverse reactions. Analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that L. crispatus chen-01 could effectively reconstitute the vaginal microbiota in women with high-risk HPV, which might be one of the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effect of L. crispatus chen-01 transplantation. Our results suggested that vaginal transplantation of L. crispatus chen-01 might be a promising treatment for patients with high-risk HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiumiao Zhao
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juanzhen Luo
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunling Wu
- Department of Gynaecology, Jingdezhen Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi 333000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and The Technologies, Institution of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Mork S, Johannessen M, Škalko-Basnet N, Jøraholmen MW. Chitosan and liposomal delivery systems for epicatechin or propyl gallate targeting localized treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Int J Pharm 2024; 662:124489. [PMID: 39032871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Natural polyphenols are promising alternatives to antifungals for novel treatments of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in an era of antimicrobial resistance. However, polyphenols are poorly soluble and prone to degradation. To overcome their limitations, we propose incorporation in liposomes. The study aimed to develop chitosan and liposome comprising delivery systems for epicatechin (EC) or propyl gallate (PG) as treatment of VVC. EC was selected for its antioxidative properties and PG as an ester of antifungal gallic acid. To improve formulation retention at vaginal site, mucoadhesive chitosan was introduced into formulation as liposomal surface coating or hydrogel due to intrinsic antifungal properties. These polyphenol-loaded liposomes exhibited an average size of 125 nm with a 64 % entrapment efficiency (for both polyphenols). A sustained in vitro polyphenol release was seen from liposomes, particularly in chitosan hydrogel (p < 0.01 or lower). Viscosity was evaluated since increased viscosity upon mucin contact indicated adhesive bond formation between chitosan and mucin confirming mucoadhesiveness of formulations. Antifungal activity was evaluated by the broth microdilution method on Candida albicans CRM-10231. Unlike PG, incorporation of EC in liposomes enabled antifungal activity. Fungicidal activity of chitosan was confirmed both when used as liposomal coating material and as hydrogel vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje Mork
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mona Johannessen
- Research Group for Host Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nataša Škalko-Basnet
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - May Wenche Jøraholmen
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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3
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Eltabeeb MA, Abdellatif MM, El-Nabarawi MA, Teaima MH, A Hamed MI, Darwish KM, Hassan M, Hamdan AM, Hamed RR. Chitosan decorated oleosomes loaded propranolol hydrochloride hydrogel repurposed for Candida albicans-vaginal infection. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38900630 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2024.2359364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Our investigation aims to estimate the antifungal effect of propranolol hydrochloride (PNL). Methods: Oleosomes (OLs) were fabricated by thin-film hydration and evaluated for entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and amount of drug released after 6 h Q6h (%). Results: The optimal OL showed a rounded shape with optimum characteristics. The ex-vivo permeation and confocal laser scanning microscopy verified the prolonged release and well deposition of PNL-loaded OLs-gel. The in-silico assessment demonstrated the good stability of PNL with OLs' ingredients. In vivo evaluations for PNL-loaded OLs-gel showed a good antifungal impact against Candida albicans with good safety. Conclusion: This work highlights the potential of PNL-loaded OLs-gel as a potential treatment for candida vaginal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moaz A Eltabeeb
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science & Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Menna M Abdellatif
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science & Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohammed I A Hamed
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Darwish
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mariam Hassan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, 43511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Me Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 74191, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghda Rabe Hamed
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science & Technology, Giza, Egypt
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4
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Alarfaj NA, Alabdulmonem HA, Al-Onazi WA, Al-Mohaimeed AM, El-Tohamy MF. Biogenic synthesis of ZnO and Al2O3 nanoparticles using Camellia sinensis and Origanum vulgare L. leaves extract for spectroscopic estimation of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in commercial formulations. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286341. [PMID: 37906583 PMCID: PMC10617719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study describes the biogenic synthesis of two metal oxides zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles using Camellia sinensis, and Origanum vulgare L. leaves extract, respectively. The synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles were investigated using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to confirm the formation of their nanostructures. Accurate and precise spectrofluorometric probes were proposed for the quantification of Ofloxacin (OFX) and Ciprofloxacin (CPFX) in their bulk and commercial formulations. The extraordinary properties of Zinc oxide and aluminum oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs and Al2O3NPs) enhance the fluorescence intensity in the presence of 0.5 mL and 1.0 mL of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, 1.0% w/v) as organizing agent for the detection of OFX and CPFX, respectively. The optical detection of both drugs at λex/em range 250-700 nm displayed linearity with a main correlation coefficient >0.999 at 1-300 (OFX-SDS-ZnONPs) and 0.5-100 (OFX-SDS-Al2O3NPs) ng mL-1,10-400 (CPFX-SDS-ZnONPs) and 0.1-50 (CPFX-SDS-Al2O3NPs) ng mL-1. The detection and quantification limits were found to be 0.04, 0.03, and 0.02, 0.04 ng mL-1, 0.13, 0.10, and 7.24, 0.09 ng mL-1 for the above-mentioned fluorescence systems, respectively. The suggested spectrofluorometric probes were validated and potentially applied for the estimation of OFX and CPFX in their bulk and commercial formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal A. Alarfaj
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel A. Alabdulmonem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wedad A. Al-Onazi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal M. Al-Mohaimeed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha F. El-Tohamy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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5
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David H, Solomon AP. Molecular association of Candida albicans and vulvovaginal candidiasis: focusing on a solution. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1245808. [PMID: 37900321 PMCID: PMC10611527 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1245808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans-mediated vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a significant challenge in clinical settings, owing to the inefficacy of current antifungals in modulating virulence, development of resistance, and poor penetration into the biofilm matrix. Various predisposition factors are molecular drivers that lead to the dysbiosis of normal microflora of the vagina, upregulation of central metabolic pathways, morphogenesis, hyphal extension, adhesion, invasion, and biofilm formation leading to chronic infection and recurrence. Hence, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanism behind the virulence pathways driven by those drivers to decode the drug targets. Finding innovative solutions targeting fungal virulence/biofilm may potentiate the antifungals at low concentrations without affecting the recurrence of resistance. With this background, the present review details the critical molecular drivers and associated network of virulence pathways, possible drug targets, target-specific inhibitors, and probable mode of drug delivery to cross the preclinical phase by appropriate in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adline Princy Solomon
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
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6
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Dubashynskaya NV, Petrova VA, Sgibnev AV, Elokhovskiy VY, Cherkasova YI, Skorik YA. Carrageenan/Chitin Nanowhiskers Cryogels for Vaginal Delivery of Metronidazole. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102362. [PMID: 37242937 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of polymeric carriers based on partially deacetylated chitin nanowhiskers (CNWs) and anionic sulfated polysaccharides is an attractive strategy for improved vaginal delivery with modified drug release profiles. This study focuses on the development of metronidazole (MET)-containing cryogels based on carrageenan (CRG) and CNWs. The desired cryogels were obtained by electrostatic interactions between the amino groups of CNWs and the sulfate groups of CRG and by the formation of additional hydrogen bonds, as well as by entanglement of carrageenan macrochains. It was shown that the introduction of 5% CNWs significantly increased the strength of the initial hydrogel and ensured the formation of a homogeneous cryogel structure, resulting in sustained MET release within 24 h. At the same time, when the CNW content was increased to 10%, the system collapsed with the formation of discrete cryogels, demonstrating MET release within 12 h. The mechanism of prolonged drug release was mediated by polymer swelling and chain relaxation in the polymer matrix and correlated well with the Korsmeyer-Peppas and Peppas-Sahlin models. In vitro tests showed that the developed cryogels had a prolonged (24 h) antiprotozoal effect against Trichomonas, including MET-resistant strains. Thus, the new cryogels with MET may be promising dosage forms for the treatment of vaginal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natallia V Dubashynskaya
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Valentina A Petrova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Andrey V Sgibnev
- Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pionerskaya st. 11, Orenburg 460000, Russia
| | - Vladimir Y Elokhovskiy
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Yuliya I Cherkasova
- Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pionerskaya st. 11, Orenburg 460000, Russia
| | - Yury A Skorik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
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7
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Marzaman ANF, Roska TP, Sartini S, Utami RN, Sulistiawati S, Enggi CK, Manggau MA, Rahman L, Shastri VP, Permana AD. Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Approaches of Antimicrobial Agents for Selective Delivery in Various Administration Routes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050822. [PMID: 37237725 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the increase of pathogenic bacteria with antibiotic-resistant characteristics has become a critical challenge in medical treatment. The misuse of conventional antibiotics to treat an infectious disease often results in increased resistance and a scarcity of effective antimicrobials to be used in the future against the organisms. Here, we discuss the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the need to combat it through the discovery of new synthetic or naturally occurring antibacterial compounds, as well as insights into the application of various drug delivery approaches delivered via various routes compared to conventional delivery systems. AMR-related infectious diseases are also discussed, as is the efficiency of various delivery systems. Future considerations in developing highly effective antimicrobial delivery devices to address antibiotic resistance are also presented here, especially on the smart delivery system of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tri Puspita Roska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Sartini Sartini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Rifka Nurul Utami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Latifah Rahman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Venkatram Prasad Shastri
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert Ludwigs Universitat Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
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8
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Desai N, Rana D, Salave S, Gupta R, Patel P, Karunakaran B, Sharma A, Giri J, Benival D, Kommineni N. Chitosan: A Potential Biopolymer in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041313. [PMID: 37111795 PMCID: PMC10144389 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan, a biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharide derived from chitin, has surfaced as a material of promise for drug delivery and biomedical applications. Different chitin and chitosan extraction techniques can produce materials with unique properties, which can be further modified to enhance their bioactivities. Chitosan-based drug delivery systems have been developed for various routes of administration, including oral, ophthalmic, transdermal, nasal, and vaginal, allowing for targeted and sustained release of drugs. Additionally, chitosan has been used in numerous biomedical applications, such as bone regeneration, cartilage tissue regeneration, cardiac tissue regeneration, corneal regeneration, periodontal tissue regeneration, and wound healing. Moreover, chitosan has also been utilized in gene delivery, bioimaging, vaccination, and cosmeceutical applications. Modified chitosan derivatives have been developed to improve their biocompatibility and enhance their properties, resulting in innovative materials with promising potentials in various biomedical applications. This article summarizes the recent findings on chitosan and its application in drug delivery and biomedical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimeet Desai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, India
| | - Dhwani Rana
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Sagar Salave
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Raghav Gupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Pranav Patel
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Bharathi Karunakaran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Jyotsnendu Giri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, India
| | - Derajram Benival
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
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Alterations of Vaginal Microbiota and Chlamydia trachomatis as Crucial Co-Causative Factors in Cervical Cancer Genesis Procured by HPV. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030662. [PMID: 36985236 PMCID: PMC10053692 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis and human papillomavirus (HPV) are the most common pathogens found in sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and both are known to increase the risk of cervical cancer (CC) and infertility. HPV is extremely common worldwide, and scientists use it to distinguish between low-risk and high-risk genotypes. In addition, HPV transmission can occur via simple contact in the genital area. From 50 to 80% of sexually active individuals become infected with both C. trachomatis and HPV viruses during their lifetime, and up to 50% become infected with an HPV oncogenic genotype. The natural history of this coinfection is strongly conditioned by the balance between the host microbiome and immune condition and the infecting agent. Though the infection often regresses, it tends to persist throughout adult life asymptomatically and silently. The partnership between HPV and C. trachomatis is basically due to their similarities: common transmission routes, reciprocal advantages, and the same risk factors. C. trachomatis is a Gram-negative bacteria, similar to HPV, and an intracellular bacterium, which shows a unique biphasic development that helps the latter continue its steady progression into the host throughout the entire life. Indeed, depending on the individual’s immune condition, the C. trachomatis infection tends to migrate toward the upper genital tract and spread to the uterus, and the fallopian tubes open up a pathway to HPV invasion. In addition, most HPV and C. trachomatis infections related to the female genital tract are facilitated by the decay of the first line of defense in the vaginal environment, which is constituted by a healthy vaginal microbiome that is characterized by a net equilibrium of all its components. Thus, the aim of this paper was to highlight the complexity and fragility of the vaginal microenvironment and accentuate the fundamental role of all elements and systems involved, including the Lactobacillus strains (Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus crispatus) and the immune–endocrine system, in preserving it from oncogenic mutation. Therefore, age, diet, and genetic predisposition together with an unspecific, persistent low-grade inflammatory state were found to be implicated in a high frequency and severity grade of disease, potentially resulting in pre-cancerous and cancerous cervical lesions.
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10
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Žigrayová D, Mikušová V, Mikuš P. Advances in Antiviral Delivery Systems and Chitosan-Based Polymeric and Nanoparticulate Antivirals and Antiviral Carriers. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030647. [PMID: 36992356 PMCID: PMC10054433 DOI: 10.3390/v15030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current antiviral therapy research is focused on developing dosage forms that enable highly effective drug delivery, providing a selective effect in the organism, lower risk of adverse effects, a lower dose of active pharmaceutical ingredients, and minimal toxicity. In this article, antiviral drugs and the mechanisms of their action are summarized at the beginning as a prerequisite background to develop relevant drug delivery/carrier systems for them, classified and briefly discussed subsequently. Many of the recent studies aim at different types of synthetic, semisynthetic, and natural polymers serving as a favorable matrix for the antiviral drug carrier. Besides a wider view of different antiviral delivery systems, this review focuses on advances in antiviral drug delivery systems based on chitosan (CS) and derivatized CS carriers. CS and its derivatives are evaluated concerning methods of their preparation, their basic characteristics and properties, approaches to the incorporation of an antiviral drug in the CS polymer as well as CS nanoparticulate systems, and their recent biomedical applications in the context of actual antiviral therapy. The degree of development (i.e., research study, in vitro/ex vivo/in vivo preclinical testing), as well as benefits and limitations of CS polymer and CS nanoparticulate drug delivery systems, are reported for particular viral diseases and corresponding antivirotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Žigrayová
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Mikušová
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Mikuš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
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11
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Pandey M, Ting JSS, Gorain B, Jain N, Mayuren J. Miniaturized Polymeric Systems for the Intravaginal Gene Therapies: Recent Update on Unconventional Delivery. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3254-3262. [PMID: 37438899 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666230712162540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of vaginal infection is increasing among women, especially at reproductive age. For proper eradication of infection, the effective concentration of a drug is required at the infection site. Therefore, local delivery is recommended to exert a direct therapeutic effect at the site action that causes a reduction in dose and side effects. The main focus of vaginal drug delivery is to enhance retention time and patient compliance. The high recurrence rate of vaginal infection due to the lack of effective treatment strategies opens the door for new therapeutic approaches. To combat these setbacks, intravaginal gene therapies have been investigated. High attention has been gained by vaginal gene therapy, especially for sexually transmitted infection treatment. Despite much research, no product is available in the market, although in vitro and preclinical data support the vaginal route as an effective route for gene administration. The main focus of this review is to discuss the recent advancement in miniaturized polymeric systems for intravaginal gene therapies to treat local infections. An overview of different barriers to vaginal delivery and challenges of vaginal infection treatment are also summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Haryana 123031, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | | | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Jayashree Mayuren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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12
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Nair AB, Gorain B, Pandey M, Jacob S, Shinu P, Aldhubiab B, Almuqbil RM, Elsewedy HS, Morsy MA. Tocotrienol in the Treatment of Topical Wounds: Recent Updates. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112479. [PMID: 36432670 PMCID: PMC9699634 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing wounds is an important attempt to keep the internal higher organs safe. Complications in topical wound healing may lead to the formation of scars, which can affect the patient's quality of life. Although several approaches are ongoing in parallel in the exploration of natural compounds via advanced delivery, in this article, an attempt has been made to highlight tocotrienol. Tocotrienol is a natural form of vitamin E and has shown its potential in certain pharmacological activities better than tocopherol. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cell signal-mediating effects, angiogenic properties, management of scar, and promotion of wound environment with essential factors have shown potential in the management of topical wound healing. Therefore, this review has aimed to focus on recent advances in topical wound healing through the application of tocotrienols. Challenges in delivering tocotrienols to the topical wound due to its large molecular weight and higher logP have also been explored using nanotechnological-based carriers, which has made tocotrienol a potential tool to facilitate the closure of wounds. Exploration of tocotrienol has also been made in human volunteers for biopsy wounds; however, the results are yet to be reported. Overall, based on the current findings in the literature, it could be inferred that tocotrienol would be a viable alternative to the existing wound dressing components for the management of topical wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.B.N.); (B.G.); Tel.: +966-536219868 (A.B.N.); +91-9088585676 (B.G.)
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
- Correspondence: (A.B.N.); (B.G.); Tel.: +966-536219868 (A.B.N.); +91-9088585676 (B.G.)
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, SSH 17, Jant, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Aldhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed M. Almuqbil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba S. Elsewedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
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13
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Szymańska E, Wojasiński M, Dąbrowska J, Krzyżowska M, Nowicka M, Ciach T, Winnicka K. Chitosan-poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibrous mat as a vaginal platform for tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate - The effect of vaginal pH on drug carrier performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:856-867. [PMID: 36174868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, a solution blow spun nanofibrous mat comprised of chitosan (CS) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was obtained as vaginal platform for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to prevent sexually transmitted infections. Apart from physicochemical and mechanical analysis, the specific steps involved studies on nanofibrous mat mucoadhesive and swelling characteristics upon pH fluctuations over the physiological range. Physicochemical analysis showed uniform drug distribution within the CS/PEO mat volume and pointed toward physical interactions between the drug and polymers. TDF-loaded CS/PEO nanofibrous mat was shown potentially safe when evaluated by the MTT metabolic activity and JC-1 assays in human vaginal epithelial cells VK2-E6/E7. In vitro antiviral studies indicated inhibition efficacy of TDF-CS/PEO nanofibrous mat toward HSV-2 virus and proved the SBS process does not change the microbicidal activity of drug molecule. Fluctuations in the physiological vaginal pH range of 3.8 to 5.0 substantially affected mucoadhesive and swelling behavior of chitosan which in turn impacted drug dissolution rate from polymer carrier. The rate of permeation and accumulation of TDF in vaginal tissue differed in response to vaginal pH. Faster drug permeation assessed at pHÂ 5.0 suggests that an increase in vaginal pH could improve TDF bioavailability at earlier time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Szymańska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Michał Wojasiński
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Justyna DÄ…browska
- Adamed Pharma S.A., Preformulation Department R&D, Pieńków 149, 05-152 Czosnów, Poland.
| | | | - Magdalena Nowicka
- Clinic of Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine Noviline, Fabryczna 4, 15-483 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies (CEZAMAT), Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland.
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14
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Dubashynskaya NV, Petrova VA, Romanov DP, Skorik YA. pH-Sensitive Drug Delivery System Based on Chitin Nanowhiskers-Sodium Alginate Polyelectrolyte Complex. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15175860. [PMID: 36079241 PMCID: PMC9456586 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs), based on partially deacetylated chitin nanowhiskers (CNWs) and anionic polysaccharides, are characterized by their variability of properties (particle size, ζ-potential, and pH-sensitivity) depending on the preparation conditions, thereby allowing the development of polymeric nanoplatforms with a sustained release profile for active pharmaceutical substances. This study is focused on the development of hydrogels based on PECs of CNWs and sodium alginate (ALG) for potential vaginal administration that provide controlled pH-dependent antibiotic release in an acidic vaginal environment, as well as prolonged pharmacological action due to both the sustained drug release profile and the mucoadhesive properties of the polysaccharides. The desired hydrogels were formed as a result of both electrostatic interactions between CNWs and ALG (PEC formation), and the subsequent molecular entanglement of ALG chains, and the formation of additional hydrogen bonds. Metronidazole (MET) delivery systems with the desired properties were obtained at pH 5.5 and an CNW:ALG ratio of 1:2. The MET-CNW-ALG microparticles in the hydrogel composition had an apparent hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 1.7 µm and a ζ-potential of -43 mV. In vitro release studies showed a prolonged pH-sensitive drug release from the designed hydrogels; 37 and 67% of MET were released within 24 h at pH 7.4 and pH 4.5, respectively. The introduction of CNWs into the MET-ALG system not only prolonged the drug release, but also increased the mucoadhesive properties by about 1.3 times. Thus, novel CNW-ALG hydrogels are promising carriers for pH sensitive drug delivery carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natallia V. Dubashynskaya
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valentina A. Petrova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry P. Romanov
- Institute of Silicate Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Adm. Makarova emb. 2, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yury A. Skorik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
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15
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Myrtle-Functionalized Nanofibers Modulate Vaginal Cell Population Behavior While Counteracting Microbial Proliferation. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121577. [PMID: 35736728 PMCID: PMC9227804 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vaginal infections affect millions of women annually worldwide. Therapeutic options are limited, moreover drug-resistance increases the need to find novel antimicrobials for health promotion. Recently phytochemicals were re-discovered for medical treatment. Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) plant extracts showed in vitro antioxidant, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties thanks to their bioactive compounds. The aim of the present study was to create novel nanodevices to deliver three natural extracts from leaves, seeds and fruit of myrtle, in vaginal milieu. We explored their effect on human cells (HeLa, Human Foreskin Fibroblast-1 line, and stem cells isolated from skin), resident microflora (Lactobacillus acidophilus) and on several vaginal pathogens (Trichomonas vaginalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Candida kefyr, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei). Polycaprolactone-Gelatin nanofibers encapsulated with leaves extract and soaked with seed extracts exhibited a different capability in regard to counteracting microbial proliferation. Moreover, these nanodevices do not affect human cells and resident microflora viability. Results reveal that some of the tested nanofibers are interesting candidates for future vaginal infection treatments.
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16
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Shahid M, Hussain A, Khan AA, Ramzan M, Alaofi AL, Alanazi AM, Alanazi MM, Rauf MA. Ketoconazole-Loaded Cationic Nanoemulsion: In Vitro- Ex Vivo- In Vivo Evaluations to Control Cutaneous Fungal Infections. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20267-20279. [PMID: 35721949 PMCID: PMC9201893 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An attempt has been made to optimize ketoconazole (KTZ)-loaded cationic nanoemulsion for topical delivery followed by in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo evaluations. Central composite design suggested a total of 13 outcomes at 3 factors and 2 levels against 6 responses. Formulations were characterized for globular size, polydispersity index, pH, ζ potential, % entrapment efficiency (% EE), and drug content. Moreover, the optimized KTZ-CNM13 was compared against drug suspension (KTZ-SUS), commercial cream, and anionic nanoemulsion for in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeation, in vitro hemolysis, antifungal assay, in vivo dermal irritancy, and long-term stability. KTZ-CNM13 was found to have a low size (239 nm), an optimal ζ potential (+22.7 mV), a high % EE (89.1%), a spherical shape, a high drug content (98.9%), and a high numerical desirability value (1.0). In vitro drug release behavior of KTZ from KTZ-CNM13 was 7.54- and 1.71-folds higher than those of KTZ-ANM13 and KTZ-SUS, respectively, at 24 h. The permeation rate values were ordered as KTZ-CNM13 > KTZ-ANM13 > KTZ-MKT > KTZ-SUP due to various studied factors. High values of zone of inhibition for KTZ-CNM13 were observed against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei as compared to KTZ-SUS. In vitro hemolysis and in vivo irritation studied confirmed the safety concern of the nanoemulsion at the explored composition. Long-term stability result revealed a stable product at the explored temperature for a year. Conclusively, cationic nanoemulsion is a promising approach to deliver KTZ for high permeation and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Shahid
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohhammad Ramzan
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional
University, Phagwara, Jalandhar, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Ahmed L. Alaofi
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer M. Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M. Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Ahmar Rauf
- Department
of Pharmacy, Eugene Applebaum, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
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17
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Pandey M, Choudhury H, Ying JNS, Ling JFS, Ting J, Ting JSS, Zhia Hwen IK, Suen HW, Samsul Kamar HS, Gorain B, Jain N, Mohd Amin MCI. Mucoadhesive Nanocarriers as a Promising Strategy to Enhance Intracellular Delivery against Oral Cavity Carcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040795. [PMID: 35456629 PMCID: PMC9025168 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), has posed a grave challenge to global health due to its high incidence, metastasis, and mortality rates. Despite numerous studies and favorable improvements in the therapeutic strategies over the past few decades, the prognosis of this disease remains dismal. Moreover, several drawbacks are associated with the conventional treatment; including permanent disfigurement and physical impairment that are attributed to surgical intervention, and systemic toxicity that results from aggressive radio- or chemotherapies, which impacts patients’ prognosis and post-treatment quality of life. The highly vascularized, non-keratinized oral mucosa appears as a potential route for cytotoxic drug administration in treating oral cancer. It acts as a non-invasive portal for drug entry targeting the local oral lesions of the early stages of cancer and the systemic metastasis sites of advanced cancer. The absorption of the poorly aqueous-soluble anti-cancer drugs can be enhanced due to the increased permeability of the ulcerous mucosa lining in the disease state and by bypassing the hepatic first-pass metabolism. However, some challenges in oral transmucosal drug delivery include the drugs’ taste, the limited surface area of the membrane lining the oral cavity, and flushing and enzymatic degradation by saliva. Therefore, mucoadhesive nanocarriers have emerged as promising platforms for controlled, targeted drug delivery in the oral cavity. The surface functionalization of nanocarriers with various moieties allows for drug targeting, bioavailability enhancement, and biodistribution at the site of action, while the mucoadhesive feature prolongs the drug’s residence time for preferential accumulation to optimize the therapeutic effect and reduce systemic toxicity. This review has been focused to highlight the potential of various nanocarriers (e.g., nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanocapsules, and liposomes) in conferring targeting, solubility and bioavailability enhancement of actives and mucoadhesive properties as novel tumor-targeted drug delivery approaches in oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (H.C.); Tel.: +60-166-048-589 (M.P.)
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (H.C.); Tel.: +60-166-048-589 (M.P.)
| | - Jenifer Ngu Shao Ying
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.N.S.Y.); (J.F.S.L.); (J.T.); (J.S.S.T.); (I.K.Z.H.); (H.W.S.); (H.S.S.K.)
| | - Jessica Foo Sze Ling
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.N.S.Y.); (J.F.S.L.); (J.T.); (J.S.S.T.); (I.K.Z.H.); (H.W.S.); (H.S.S.K.)
| | - Jong Ting
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.N.S.Y.); (J.F.S.L.); (J.T.); (J.S.S.T.); (I.K.Z.H.); (H.W.S.); (H.S.S.K.)
| | - Jocelyn Su Szhiou Ting
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.N.S.Y.); (J.F.S.L.); (J.T.); (J.S.S.T.); (I.K.Z.H.); (H.W.S.); (H.S.S.K.)
| | - Ivory Kuek Zhia Hwen
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.N.S.Y.); (J.F.S.L.); (J.T.); (J.S.S.T.); (I.K.Z.H.); (H.W.S.); (H.S.S.K.)
| | - Ho Wan Suen
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.N.S.Y.); (J.F.S.L.); (J.T.); (J.S.S.T.); (I.K.Z.H.); (H.W.S.); (H.S.S.K.)
| | - Hazimah Syazwani Samsul Kamar
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (J.N.S.Y.); (J.F.S.L.); (J.T.); (J.S.S.T.); (I.K.Z.H.); (H.W.S.); (H.S.S.K.)
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India;
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201303, India;
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
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18
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Thapa R, Gurung S, Parat MO, Parekh HS, Pandey P. Application of Sol–Gels for Treatment of Gynaecological Conditions—Physiological Perspectives and Emerging Concepts in Intravaginal Drug Delivery. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020099. [PMID: 35200479 PMCID: PMC8871440 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Approaches for effective and sustained drug delivery to the female reproductive tract (FRT) for treating a range of gynaecological conditions remain limited. The development of versatile delivery platforms, such as soluble gels (sol–gels) coupled with applicators/devices, holds considerable therapeutic potential for gynaecological conditions. Sol–gel systems, which undergo solution-to-gel transition, triggered by physiological conditions such as changes in temperature, pH, or ion composition, offer advantages of both solution- and gel-based drug formulations. Furthermore, they have potential to be used as a suitable drug delivery vehicle for other novel drug formulations, including micro- and nano-particulate systems, enabling the delivery of drug molecules of diverse physicochemical character. We provide an anatomical and physiological perspective of the significant challenges and opportunities in attaining optimal drug delivery to the upper and lower FRT. Discussion then focuses on attributes of sol–gels that can vastly improve the treatment of gynaecological conditions. The review concludes by showcasing recent advances in vaginal formulation design, and proposes novel formulation strategies enabling the infusion of a wide range of therapeutics into sol–gels, paving the way for patient-friendly treatment regimens for acute and chronic FRT-related conditions such as bacterial/viral infection control (e.g., STDs), contraception, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), infertility, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (R.T.); (M.-O.P.)
| | - Shila Gurung
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara-30, Kaski 33700, Nepal;
| | - Marie-Odile Parat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (R.T.); (M.-O.P.)
| | - Harendra S. Parekh
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (R.T.); (M.-O.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Preeti Pandey
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (R.T.); (M.-O.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.P.); (P.P.)
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19
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Pérez-González N, Bozal-de Febrer N, Calpena-Campmany AC, Nardi-Ricart A, RodrÃguez-Lagunas MJ, Morales-Molina JA, Soriano-Ruiz JL, Fernández-Campos F, Clares-Naveros B. New Formulations Loading Caspofungin for Topical Therapy of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Gels 2021; 7:259. [PMID: 34940319 PMCID: PMC8701247 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) poses a significant problem worldwide affecting women from all strata of society. It is manifested as changes in vaginal discharge, irritation, itching and stinging sensation. Although most patients respond to topical treatment, there is still a need for increase the therapeutic arsenal due to resistances to anti-infective agents. The present study was designed to develop and characterize three hydrogels of chitosan (CTS), Poloxamer 407 (P407) and a combination of both containing 2% caspofungin (CSP) for the vaginal treatment of VVC. CTS was used by its mucoadhesive properties and P407 was used to exploit potential advantages related to increasing drug concentration in order to provide a local effect. The formulations were physically, mechanically and morphologically characterized. Drug release profile and ex vivo vaginal permeation studies were performed. Antifungal efficacy against different strains of Candida spp. was also evaluated. In addition, tolerance of formulations was studied by histological analysis. Results confirmed that CSP hydrogels could be proposed as promising candidates for the treatment of VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Pérez-González
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (A.N.-R.); (J.L.S.-R.); (B.C.-N.)
| | - Nuria Bozal-de Febrer
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 27-31 Joan XXIII Ave., 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ana C. Calpena-Campmany
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 27-31 Joan XXIII Ave., 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Nardi-Ricart
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (A.N.-R.); (J.L.S.-R.); (B.C.-N.)
| | - MarÃa J. RodrÃguez-Lagunas
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A. Morales-Molina
- Department of Pharmacy, Torrecárdenas University Hospital, s/n Hermandad de Donantes de Sangre St., 04009 Almeria, Spain;
| | - José L. Soriano-Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (A.N.-R.); (J.L.S.-R.); (B.C.-N.)
| | | | - Beatriz Clares-Naveros
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (A.N.-R.); (J.L.S.-R.); (B.C.-N.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
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20
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Hemmingsen LM, Škalko-Basnet N, Jøraholmen MW. The Expanded Role of Chitosan in Localized Antimicrobial Therapy. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:697. [PMID: 34940696 PMCID: PMC8704789 DOI: 10.3390/md19120697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is one of the most studied natural origin polymers for biomedical applications. This review focuses on the potential of chitosan in localized antimicrobial therapy to address the challenges of current rising antimicrobial resistance. Due to its mucoadhesiveness, chitosan offers the opportunity to prolong the formulation residence time at mucosal sites; its wound healing properties open possibilities to utilize chitosan as wound dressings with multitargeted activities and more. We provide an unbiased overview of the state-of-the-art chitosan-based delivery systems categorized by the administration site, addressing the site-related challenges and evaluating the representative formulations. Specifically, we offer an in-depth analysis of the current challenges of the chitosan-based novel delivery systems for skin and vaginal infections, including its formulations optimizations and limitations. A brief overview of chitosan's potential in treating ocular, buccal and dental, and nasal infections is included. We close the review with remarks on toxicity issues and remaining challenges and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Myrseth Hemmingsen
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;
| | | | - May Wenche Jøraholmen
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;
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Advances in the Application of Nanomaterials as Treatments for Bacterial Infectious Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111913. [PMID: 34834328 PMCID: PMC8618949 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria-targeting nanomaterials have been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. These nanomaterials show great potential as antimicrobial agents due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial capacity and relatively low toxicity. Recently, nanomaterials have improved the accurate detection of pathogens, provided therapeutic strategies against nosocomial infections and facilitated the delivery of antigenic protein vaccines that induce humoral and cellular immunity. Biomaterial implants, which have traditionally been hindered by bacterial colonization, benefit from their ability to prevent bacteria from forming biofilms and spreading into adjacent tissues. Wound repair is improving in terms of both the function and prevention of bacterial infection, as we tailor nanomaterials to their needs, select encapsulation methods and materials, incorporate activation systems and add immune-activating adjuvants. Recent years have produced numerous advances in their antibacterial applications, but even further expansion in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases is expected in the future.
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22
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Malyshev MD, Guseva DV, Vasilevskaya VV, Komarov PV. Effect of Nanoparticles Surface Bonding and Aspect Ratio on Mechanical Properties of Highly Cross-Linked Epoxy Nanocomposites: Mesoscopic Simulations. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6637. [PMID: 34772168 PMCID: PMC8587117 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper aims to study the mechanical properties of epoxy resin filled with clay nanoparticles (NPs), depending on their shapes and content on the surface of a modifying agent capable of forming covalent bonds with a polymer. The cylindrical clay nanoparticles with equal volume and different aspects ratios (disks, barrel, and stick) are addressed. The NPs' bonding ratio with the polymer (RGC) is determined by the fraction of reactive groups and conversion time and varies from RGC = 0 (non-bonded nanoparticles) to RGC = 0.65 (more than half of the surface groups are linked with the polymer matrix). The performed simulations show the so-called load-bearing chains (LBCs) of chemically cross-linked monomers and modified nanoparticles to determine the mechanical properties of the simulated composites. The introduction of nanoparticles leads to the breaking of such chains, and the chemical cross-linking of NPs with the polymer matrix restores the LBCs and strengthens the composite. At small values of RGC, the largest value of the elastic modulus is found for systems filled with nanoparticles having the smallest surface area, and at high values of RGC, on the contrary, the systems containing disk-shaped particles with the largest surface area have a larger elastic modulus than the others. All calculations are performed within the framework of a mesoscopic model based on accurate mapping of the atomistic structures of the polymer matrix and nanoparticles into coarse-grained representations, which, if necessary, allow reverse data mapping and quantitative assessment of the state of the filled epoxy resin. On the other hand, the obtained data can be used to design the functional materials with specified mechanical properties based on other practically significant polymer matrices and nanofillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim D. Malyshev
- Departments of Physical Chemistry and General Physics, Tver State University, Zhelyabova 33, 170100 Tver, Russia;
| | - Daria V. Guseva
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova St. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Pavel V. Komarov
- Departments of Physical Chemistry and General Physics, Tver State University, Zhelyabova 33, 170100 Tver, Russia;
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova St. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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23
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Cazorla-Luna R, Ruiz-Caro R, Veiga MD, Malcolm RK, Lamprou DA. Recent advances in electrospun nanofiber vaginal formulations for women's sexual and reproductive health. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:121040. [PMID: 34450222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning is an innovative technique that allows production of nanofibers and microfibers by applying a high voltage to polymer solutions of melts. The properties of these fibers - which include high surface area, high drug loading capacity, and ability to be manufactured from mucoadhesive polymers - may be particularly useful in a myriad of drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. The last decade has witnessed a surge of interest in the application of electrospinning technology for the fabrication of vaginal drug delivery systems for the treatment and prevention of diseases associated with women's sexual and reproductive health, including sexually transmitted infections (e.g. infection with human immunodeficiency virus and herpes simplex virus) vaginitis, preterm birth, contraception, multipurpose prevention technology strategies, cervicovaginal cancer, and general maintenance of vaginal health. Due to their excellent mechanical properties, electrospun scaffolds are also being investigated as next-generation materials in the surgical treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. In this article, we review the latest advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Cazorla-Luna
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y TecnologÃa Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Ruiz-Caro
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y TecnologÃa Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - MarÃa-Dolores Veiga
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y TecnologÃa Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Karl Malcolm
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Dimitrios A Lamprou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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24
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Badawi NM, Elkafrawy MA, Yehia RM, Attia DA. Clinical comparative study of optimized metronidazole loaded lipid nanocarrier vaginal emulgel for management of bacterial vaginosis and its recurrence. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:814-825. [PMID: 33899634 PMCID: PMC8086592 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1912211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The main focus of the current work was to design, evaluate and clinically compare the efficiency of novel metronidazole (MTD) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) vaginal emulgel with the marketed vaginal gel (Metron®) against Bacterial vaginosis (BV). Eight formulations were fabricated using 23 full factorial design and prepared by stearic acid and tween 80 as solid lipid and surfactant, respectively. Lipid and surfactant concentrations in addition to sonication amplitude were chosen as the independent variables (X1–X3). Then, the prepared MTD loaded SLNs were evaluated based on the dependent variables which were particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and cumulative % drug release for 24 h (Y1–Y5). The in vitro release study exhibited a sustained release of MTD from the SLNs up to 24 h. The optimal MTD loaded SLNs showed nanosized particles (256 nm) with EE% (52%), and an acceptable ZP value (−29.5 mV). Also, the optimized MTD-SLNs formulation was incorporated into Carbopol emulgel and investigated clinically for its effect against BV. Clinical studies recorded significant enhancement in therapeutic response of MTD from optimized SLNs vaginal emulgel formulation regarding the clinical treatment (p < .05) and low recurrence rate (p < .001) against the marketed product. In conclusion, our findings recommend that the fabricated MTD loaded SLNs vaginal emulgel have significant therapeutic effect in terms of BV management over commercially obtainable marketed vaginal gel (Metron®).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Badawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A Elkafrawy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Yehia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
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25
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Jummaat F, Yahya EB, Khalil H.P.S. A, Adnan AS, Alqadhi AM, Abdullah CK, A.K. AS, Olaiya NG, Abdat M. The Role of Biopolymer-Based Materials in Obstetrics and Gynecology Applications: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:633. [PMID: 33672526 PMCID: PMC7923797 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers have gained tremendous attention in many daily life applications, including medical applications, in the past few years. Obstetrics and gynecology are two fields dealing with sensitive parts of the woman's body and her newborn baby, which are normally associated with many issues such as toxicity, infections, and even gene alterations. Medical professions that use screening, examination, pre, and post-operation materials should benefit from a better understanding of each type of material's characteristics, health, and even environmental effects. The underlying principles of biopolymer-based materials for different obstetric and gynecologic applications may discover various advantages and benefits of using such materials. This review presents the health impact of conventional polymer-based materials on pregnant women's health and highlights the potential use of biopolymers as a safer option. The recent works on utilizing different biopolymer-based materials in obstetric and gynecologic are presented in this review, which includes suture materials in obstetric and gynecologic surgeries, cosmetic and personal care products, vaginal health, and drug delivery; as well as a wound dressing and healing materials. This review highlights the main issues and challenges of biopolymers in obstetric and gynecologic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauziah Jummaat
- Management & Science University Medical Centre, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
| | - Esam Bashir Yahya
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (C.K.A.); (N.G.O.)
| | - Abdul Khalil H.P.S.
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (C.K.A.); (N.G.O.)
| | - A. S. Adnan
- Management & Science University Medical Centre, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
| | | | - C. K. Abdullah
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (C.K.A.); (N.G.O.)
| | - Atty Sofea A.K.
- Hospital Seberang Jaya, Jalan Tun Hussein Onn, Seberang Jaya, Permatang Pauh 13700, Malaysia;
| | - N. G. Olaiya
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (C.K.A.); (N.G.O.)
| | - Munifah Abdat
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
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