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Kumar S, Battabyal M, Sethupathi K, Satapathy DK. High-Performance Printed Ag 2Se/PI Flexible Thermoelectric Film for Powering Wearable Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39058747 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
We report the magnificent thermoelectric properties of the n-type Ag2Se film printed onto a flexible polyimide (PI) substrate. The orthorhombic β-Ag2Se phase of the processed Ag2Se film is confirmed from the X-ray diffractogram. Remarkably, the resulting Ag2Se/PI film exhibits outstanding thermoelectric properties, boasting maximum power factors of 1.4 and 2.1 mW/mK2 at 300 and 405 K, respectively. Furthermore, the flexibility of the Ag2Se/PI film remains intact even after undergoing 1500 bending cycles with no degradation observed in its thermoelectric performance. To demonstrate the practical application of our findings, a flexible thermoelectric prototype is constructed using the fabricated Ag2Se/PI films, which can harvest an impressive output voltage of 52 mV across a temperature difference of 53 K. Additionally, the prototype generates a maximum power output of 7.2 μW with a 40 K temperature difference and can produce 13 mV output voltage when subjected to around a 10 K temperature gradient when the cold side temperature is maintained at 308 K. Moreover, leveraging body heat with just a 1 K temperature variance between the body and the surrounding environment, the prototype could yield an impressive voltage output of 1.6 mV, marking the highest reported voltage output from human body heat to date. Our study not only introduces a cost-effective method for producing high-performance flexible thermoelectric films but also highlights their potential applications in wearable and implantable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kanikrishnan Sethupathi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dillip K Satapathy
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
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Vázquez-López A, Maestre D, Cremades A. Thermoelectric Performance of Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Composites Based on PEDOT:PSS/Tin(II) Oxide. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300877. [PMID: 38642347 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
PEDOT PSS(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxylthiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate))-based composites often exhibit remarkable characteristics regarding high electrical conductivity and great processability, being a suitable candidate for thermoelectric (TE) applications. To increase its performance, PEDOT:PSS is commonly blended with scarce and toxic inorganic compounds based on Se, Te or Bi. In this work we propose the use of one p-type metal oxide semiconductor (MOs): tin(II) oxide (SnO), motivated by its abundance and low toxicity. Hybrid PEDOT:PSS/SnO composites were obtained by firstly blending Ethylene glycol (EG) with PEDOT:PSS and then by adding p-type SnO, previously synthesized by a chemical route. The mixture was deposited via spin-coating onto glass substrates. The Power Factor (PF) of the composites increased by a factor of 300 with the combined EG/SnO composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vázquez-López
- Department of Materials Physics, Faculty of Physics, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Current affiliation: Materials Science and Engineering Area, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Maestre
- Department of Materials Physics, Faculty of Physics, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cremades
- Department of Materials Physics, Faculty of Physics, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Idumah CI, Ezeani OE, Okonkwo UC, Nwuzor IC, Odera SR. Novel Trends in MXene/Conducting Polymeric Hybrid Nanoclusters. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-022-02243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Wang Y, Pang H, Guo Q, Tsujii N, Baba T, Baba T, Mori T. Flexible n-Type Abundant Chalcopyrite/PEDOT:PSS/Graphene Hybrid Film for Thermoelectric Device Utilizing Low-Grade Heat. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:51245-51254. [PMID: 34677926 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Combining inorganic thermoelectric (TE) materials with conductive polymers is one promising strategy to develop flexible thermoelectric (FTE) films and devices. As most inorganic materials tried up until now in FTE composites are composed of scarce or toxic elements, and n-type FTE materials are particularly desired, we combined the abundant, inexpensive, nontoxic Zn-doped chalcopyrite (Cu1-xZnxFeS2, x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) with a flexible electrical network constituted by poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and graphene for n-type FTE films. Hybrid films from the custom design of binary Cu1-xZnxFeS2/PEDOT:PSS to the optimum design of ternary Cu0.98Zn0.02FeS2/PEDOT:PSS/graphene are characterized. Compared with the binary film, a 4-fold enhancement in electrical conductivity was observed in the ternary film, leading to a maximum power factor of ∼ 23.7 μW m-1 K-2. The optimum ternary film could preserve >80% of the electrical conductivity after 2000 bending cycles, exhibiting an exceptional flexibility due to the network constructed by PEDOT:PSS and graphene. A five-leg thermoelectric prototype made of optimum films generated a voltage of 4.8 mV with a ΔT of 13 °C. Such an evolution of an inexpensive chalcopyrite-based hybrid film with outstanding flexibility exhibits the potential for cost-sensitive FTE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Tsukuba University, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8671, Japan
| | - Hong Pang
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Quansheng Guo
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Naohito Tsujii
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takahiro Baba
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Baba
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takao Mori
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Tsukuba University, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8671, Japan
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Kim M, Park D, Kim J. Thermoelectric Generator Using Polyaniline-Coated Sb 2Se 3/β-Cu 2Se Flexible Thermoelectric Films. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1518. [PMID: 34065076 PMCID: PMC8125897 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, Sb2Se3 and β-Cu2Se nanowires are synthesized via hydrothermal reaction and water evaporation-induced self-assembly methods, respectively. The successful syntheses and morphologies of the Sb2Se3 and β-Cu2Se nanowires are confirmed via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM). Sb2Se3 materials have low electrical conductivity which limits application to the thermoelectric generator. To improve the electrical conductivity of the Sb2Se3 and β-Cu2Se nanowires, polyaniline (PANI) is coated onto the surface and confirmed via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), FE-TEM, and XPS analysis. After coating PANI, the electrical conductivities of Sb2Se3/β-Cu2Se/PANI composites were increased. The thermoelectric performance of the flexible Sb2Se3/β-Cu2Se/PANI films is then measured, and the 70%-Sb2Se3/30%-β-Cu2Se/PANI film is shown to provide the highest power factor of 181.61 μW/m·K2 at 473 K. In addition, a thermoelectric generator consisting of five legs of the 70%-Sb2Se3/30%-β-Cu2Se/PANI film is constructed and shown to provide an open-circuit voltage of 7.9 mV and an output power of 80.1 nW at ΔT = 30 K. This study demonstrates that the combination of inorganic thermoelectric materials and flexible polymers can generate power in wearable or portable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (M.K.); (D.P.)
| | - Dabin Park
- School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (M.K.); (D.P.)
| | - Jooheon Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (M.K.); (D.P.)
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Seoul 17546, Korea
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