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Xiang S, Cheng Z, Shi W, Zheng T, Yingli Gao, Zhang J, Huang L. Progress in process parameters and mechanism research of polymer emulsion preparation. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16024-16044. [PMID: 38765475 PMCID: PMC11100305 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01844c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
As a new type of concrete admixture, polymer emulsion is mainly used to strengthen the properties of concrete by adhesion and physical and chemical crosslinking with cement in concrete. Under the background of construction in the new era, it is of great significance to elucidate all aspects of concrete performance under the action of polymer emulsion. In this paper, the main formation process of polymer emulsion is reviewed, the influence of synthetic materials required for polymerization on the polymerization process is discussed, and the regulating effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, admixtures, and treatment methods on the synthesis process of polymer emulsion are analyzed. The action mechanism of polymer emulsion on concrete was deeply investigated, and the synthesis method was studied to provide an important experimental and theoretical basis for the preparation of new emulsion materials and the process of emulsion polymerization. The problems of polymer emulsion raw materials, synthetic conditions, and synthetic methods are introduced. The future development trend of polymer emulsion is predicted and the future research ideas are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuncheng Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Novel and Carbon Neutral Road Material, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Zhijian Cheng
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Novel and Carbon Neutral Road Material, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Wei Shi
- Science and Technology Affairs Center of Hunan Province Changsha 410082 China
| | - Tingxiang Zheng
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Novel and Carbon Neutral Road Material, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Yingli Gao
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Novel and Carbon Neutral Road Material, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Jiake Zhang
- College of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
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Plachouras NV, Pitsikalis M. Statistical Copolymers of N-Vinylpyrrolidone and 2-Chloroethyl Vinyl Ether via Radical RAFT Polymerization: Monomer Reactivity Ratios, Thermal Properties, and Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of the Statistical Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081970. [PMID: 37112117 PMCID: PMC10142009 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The radical statistical copolymerization of N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) and 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether (CEVE) was conducted using the Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique, employing [(O-ethylxanthyl)methyl]benzene (CTA-1) and O-ethyl S-(phthalimidylmethyl) xanthate (CTA-2) as the Chain Transfer Agents (CTAs), leading to P(NVP-stat-CEVE) products. After optimizing copolymerization conditions, monomer reactivity ratios were estimated using various linear graphical methods, as well as the COPOINT program, which was applied in the framework of the terminal model. Structural parameters of the copolymers were obtained by calculating the dyad sequence fractions and the monomers' mean sequence lengths. Thermal properties of the copolymers were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and kinetics of their thermal degradation by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermogravimetry (DTG), applying the isoconversional methodologies of Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos V Plachouras
- Industrial Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Marinos Pitsikalis
- Industrial Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Roka N, Kokkorogianni O, Kontoes-Georgoudakis P, Choinopoulos I, Pitsikalis M. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Complex Macromolecular Architectures Based on Poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) and the RAFT Polymerization Technique. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:701. [PMID: 35215614 PMCID: PMC8880212 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the controlled RAFT polymerization of complex macromolecular architectures based on poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone), PNVP, are summarized in this review article. Special interest is given to the synthesis of statistical copolymers, block copolymers, and star polymers and copolymers, along with graft copolymers and more complex architectures. In all cases, PNVP is produced via RAFT techniques, whereas other polymerization methods can be employed in combination with RAFT to provide the desired final products. The advantages and limitations of the synthetic methodologies are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marinos Pitsikalis
- Industrial Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (N.R.); (O.K.); (P.K.-G.); (I.C.)
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5
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Monaghan OR, Skowron ST, Moore JC, Pin-Nó M, Kortsen K, Atkinson RL, Krumins E, Lentz JC, Machado F, Onat Z, Brookfield A, Collison D, Khlobystov AN, De Focatiis D, Irvine DJ, Taresco V, Stockman RA, Howdle SM. A self-crosslinking monomer, α-pinene methacrylate: understanding and exploiting hydrogen abstraction. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00878e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combined computational/experimental approach has been applied to investigate the self-crosslinking of α-pinene methacrylate via chain transfer through hydrogen abstraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R. Monaghan
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen T. Skowron
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jonathan C. Moore
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - María Pin-Nó
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kristoffer Kortsen
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rachel L. Atkinson
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Eduards Krumins
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Joachim C. Lentz
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Fabricio Machado
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Zeynep Onat
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Adam Brookfield
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - David Collison
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Andrei N. Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Davide De Focatiis
- Faculty of Engineering, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Derek J. Irvine
- Faculty of Engineering, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Robert A. Stockman
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Steven M. Howdle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
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Kuskov AN, Luss AL, Gritskova IA, Shtilman MI, Motyakin MV, Levina II, Nechaeva AM, Sizova OY, Tsatsakis AM, Mezhuev YO. Kinetics and Mechanism of Synthesis of Carboxyl-Containing N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone Telehelics for Pharmacological Use. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152569. [PMID: 34372172 PMCID: PMC8347008 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It was found that sulfanylethanoic and 3-sulfanylpropanoic acids are effective regulators of molecular weight with chain transfer constants of 0.441 and 0.317, respectively, and show an unexpected acceleration effect on the radical polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, initiated by 2,2’-azobisisobutyronitrile. It was determined for the first time that the thiolate anions of mercapto acids form a high-temperature redox initiating system with 2,2’-azobisisobutyronitrile during the radical polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone in 1,4-dioxane. Considering the peculiarities of initiation, a kinetic model of the polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone is proposed, and it is shown that the theoretical orders of the reaction rate, with respect to the monomer, initiator, and chain transfer agent, are 1, 0.75, 0.25, and are close to their experimentally determined values. Carboxyl-containing techelics of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone were synthesized so that it can slow down the release of the anticancer drug, doxorubicin, from aqueous solutions, which can find its application in the pharmacological field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N. Kuskov
- Department of Biomaterials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.L.); (M.I.S.); (A.M.N.); (O.Y.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.K.); (Y.O.M.)
| | - Anna L. Luss
- Department of Biomaterials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.L.); (M.I.S.); (A.M.N.); (O.Y.S.)
| | - Inessa A. Gritskova
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Compounds, MIREA—Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA), 119454 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Mikhail I. Shtilman
- Department of Biomaterials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.L.); (M.I.S.); (A.M.N.); (O.Y.S.)
| | - Mikhail V. Motyakin
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.M.); (I.I.L.)
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina I. Levina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.M.); (I.I.L.)
| | - Anna M. Nechaeva
- Department of Biomaterials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.L.); (M.I.S.); (A.M.N.); (O.Y.S.)
| | - Oksana Yu. Sizova
- Department of Biomaterials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.L.); (M.I.S.); (A.M.N.); (O.Y.S.)
| | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, Voutes Campus, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav O. Mezhuev
- Department of Biomaterials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.L.); (M.I.S.); (A.M.N.); (O.Y.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.K.); (Y.O.M.)
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