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Chernonosova V, Khlebnikova M, Popova V, Starostina E, Kiseleva E, Chelobanov B, Kvon R, Dmitrienko E, Laktionov P. Electrospun Scaffolds Enriched with Nanoparticle-Associated DNA: General Properties, DNA Release and Cell Transfection. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3202. [PMID: 37571096 PMCID: PMC10421399 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterial-mediated, spatially localized gene delivery is important for the development of cell-populated scaffolds used in tissue engineering. Cells adhering to or penetrating into such a scaffold are to be transfected with a preloaded gene that induces the production of secreted proteins or cell reprogramming. In the present study, we produced silica nanoparticles-associated pDNA and electrospun scaffolds loaded with such nanoparticles, and studied the release of pDNA from scaffolds and cell-to-scaffold interactions in terms of cell viability and pDNA transfection efficacy. The pDNA-coated nanoparticles were characterized with dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Particle sizes ranging from 56 to 78 nm were indicative of their potential for cell transfection. The scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, stress-loading tests and interaction with HEK293T cells. It was found that the properties of materials and the pDNA released vary, depending on the scaffold's composition. The scaffolds loaded with pDNA-nanoparticles do not have a pronounced cytotoxic effect, and can be recommended for cell transfection. It was found that (pDNA-NPs) + PEI9-loaded scaffold demonstrates good potential for cell transfection. Thus, electrospun scaffolds suitable for the transfection of inhabiting cells are eligible for use in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Chernonosova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.K.); (V.P.); (B.C.); (E.D.)
| | - Marianna Khlebnikova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.K.); (V.P.); (B.C.); (E.D.)
| | - Victoriya Popova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.K.); (V.P.); (B.C.); (E.D.)
| | - Ekaterina Starostina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia;
| | - Elena Kiseleva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Boris Chelobanov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.K.); (V.P.); (B.C.); (E.D.)
| | - Ren Kvon
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Elena Dmitrienko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.K.); (V.P.); (B.C.); (E.D.)
| | - Pavel Laktionov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.K.); (V.P.); (B.C.); (E.D.)
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2
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Karayianni M, Sentoukas T, Skandalis A, Pippa N, Pispas S. Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Nucleic Acid Delivery: Technological Aspects, Applications, and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1849. [PMID: 37514036 PMCID: PMC10383118 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a naturally occurring polymer derived from the deacetylation of chitin, which is an abundant carbohydrate found mainly in the shells of various marine and terrestrial (micro)organisms. Chitosan has been extensively used to construct nanoparticles (NPs), which are biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, easy to prepare, and can function as effective drug delivery systems. Moreover, chitosan NPs have been employed in gene and vaccine delivery, as well as advanced cancer therapy, and they can also serve as new therapeutic tools against viral infections. In this review, we summarize the most recent developments in the field of chitosan-based NPs intended as nucleic acid delivery vehicles and gene therapy vectors. Special attention is given to the technological aspects of chitosan complexes for nucleic acid delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karayianni
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Sentoukas
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Athanasios Skandalis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
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Sajid A, Castronovo M, Goycoolea FM. On the Fractionation and Physicochemical Characterisation of Self-Assembled Chitosan-DNA Polyelectrolyte Complexes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092115. [PMID: 37177260 PMCID: PMC10180698 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is extensively studied as a carrier for gene delivery and is an attractive non-viral gene vector owing to its polycationic, biodegradable, and biocompatible nature. Thus, it is essential to understand the chemistry of self-assembled chitosan-DNA complexation and their structural and functional properties, enabling the formation of an effective non-viral gene delivery system. In this study, two parent chitosans (samples NAS-032 and NAS-075; Mw range ~118-164 kDa) and their depolymerised derivatives (deploy nas-032 and deploy nas-075; Mw range 6-14 kDa) with degrees of acetylation 43.4 and 4.7%, respectively, were used to form polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) with DNA at varying [-NH3+]/[-PO4-] (N/P) molar charge ratios. We investigated the formation of the PECs using ζ-potential, asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled with multiangle light scattering (MALS), refractive index (RI), ultraviolet (UV) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) detectors, and TEM imaging. PEC formation was confirmed by ζ-potential measurements that shifted from negative to positive values at N/P ratio ~2. The radius of gyration (Rg) was determined for the eluting fractions by AF4-MALS-RI-UV, while the corresponding hydrodynamic radius (Rh), by the DLS data. We studied the influence of different cross-flow rates on AF4 elution patterns for PECs obtained at N/P ratios 5, 10, and 20. The determined rho shape factor (ρ = Rg/Rh) values for the various PECs corresponded with a sphere morphology (ρ ~0.77-0.85), which was consistent with TEM images. The results of this study represent a further step towards the characterisation of chitosan-DNA PECs by the use of multi-detection AF4 as an important tool to fractionate and infer aspects of their morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sajid
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Matteo Castronovo
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Plasmid DNA by Hyperbranched Polymeric Nanoparticles Enables Efficient Gene Editing. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010156. [PMID: 36611948 PMCID: PMC9818138 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene editing nucleases such as CRISPR/Cas9 have enabled efficient and precise gene editing in vitro and hold promise of eventually achieving in vivo gene editing based therapy. However, a major challenge for their use is the lack of a safe and effective virus-free system to deliver gene editing nuclease elements. Polymers are a promising class of delivery vehicle due to their higher safety compared to currently used viral vectors, but polymers suffer from lower transfection efficiency. Polymeric vectors have been used for small nucleotide delivery but have yet to be used successfully with plasmid DNA (pDNA), which is often several hundred times larger than small nucleotides, presenting an engineering challenge. To address this, we extended our previously reported hyperbranched polymer (HP) delivery system for pDNA delivery by synthesizing several variants of HPs: HP-800, HP-1.8K, HP-10K, HP-25K. We demonstrate that all HPs have low toxicity in various cultured cells, with HP-25K being the most efficient at packaging and delivering pDNA. Importantly, HP-25K mediated delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 pDNA resulted in higher gene-editing rates than all other HPs and Lipofectamine at several clinically significant loci in different cell types. Consistently, HP-25K also led to more robust base editing when delivering the CRISPR base editor "BE4-max" pDNA to cells compared with Lipofectamine. The present work demonstrates that HP nanoparticles represent a promising class of vehicle for the non-viral delivery of pDNA towards the clinical application of gene-editing therapy.
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Lu B, Wang H, Shen X, Lu K, Wang H, Yuan L. Promoting gene transfection by ROS responsive silicon nanowire arrays. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5242-5250. [PMID: 35749073 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of a fast and safe reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive vector is generally limited by the intracellular unstable ROS concentration, and a relatively long time is still needed for the complete intracellular release of drugs or genes induced by ROS. In this work, a gene transfection platform based on ROS-responsive silicon nanowire arrays (SN) is developed, to promote the gene transfection efficiency for several cell lines. Briefly, the surface of the ROS generating system, gold nanoparticle modified SN (SN-Au), is grafted with poly[(2-acryloyl)ethyl(p-boronic acid benzyl)diethylammonium bromide] (B-PDEAEA), an oxidation-responsive charge-reversal cationic polymer. Plasmid DNA (pDNA) bound on the surface through electrostatic interactions was directly delivered into the cells by the time the nanowires penetrate the cells. SN-Au can generate ROS under light treatment, which has an influence on the surface charge change of B-PDEAEA grafted on gold nanoparticles, realizing effective pDNA release in the cytosol for transfection. Nearly 80% of DNA released from the surface of the platform after treated with 1 mM ROS for 10 min. The transfection efficiency of the platform for several cell types was significantly enhanced after a short period of light exposure (3.2-fold for HeLa cells, 7.6-fold for L929 cells, 2.3-fold for BMSC cells and 6.2-fold for mESC cells). The platform also has good biocompatibility. Overall, our results suggest that ROS-responsive SN is a novel, efficient and safe platform for drug and gene transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benben Lu
- Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, Department of polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Hengxiao Wang
- Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, Department of polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang Shen
- Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, Department of polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Kunyan Lu
- Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, Department of polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, Department of polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Yuan
- Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, Department of polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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Piri-Gharaghie T, Doosti A, Mirzaei SA. Fabrication and Characterization of pcDNA3.1(+) Location within Chitosan/Nanoparticles Complexes for Enhanced Gene Delivery. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 20:e3110. [PMID: 36381280 PMCID: PMC9618014 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2022.297534.3110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNP) are becoming a popular alternative for delivering nucleic acids to tissues for gene transfer (gene therapy). The size and morphology of these biodegradable nano-carriers are adjustable, and their positive charge allows them to interact strongly with negatively charged nucleic acids. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to fabricate and characterize pcDNA3.1 (+) plasmid (pDNA) and CSNP complexes and determine the plasmid location in these vehicles. MATERIALS AND METHODS The characteristics of the pDNA/CSNP complex after production were investigated by SEM, XRD, DLS, TGA, and FTIR. The capacity of CSNP to form complexes with pDNA was investigated by labeling free plasmids with the fluorescent intercalating dye OliGreen. The stability of pDNA/CSNP in the presence of chitosanase was evaluated. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) for pDNA localization was performed, and absorption rate in BALB/c mice was assessed by real-time PCR. RESULTS The optimum pDNA/CSNP ratio for plasmid complex formation was established to be 1:2 (w.w) by measuring spectroscopy. At these optimum complex formation ratios, spectroscopy, and gel digest experiments, SERS indicated that a part of the pDNA was present on the complex outer surface. The findings of plasmid absorption in mouse thigh tissue by real-time PCR revealed that the rate of gene uptake was significantly greater at a dose of 1:2 (w.w) of pDNA/CSNP than in other groups (P< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study reveal exactly pDNA fits into polymer nanostructured delivery systems, allowing the formulation to be adjusted for selective distribution. This understanding will aid future research into the system's functioning in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Piri-Gharaghie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Abbas Doosti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Iqbal S, Martins AF, Sohail M, Zhao J, Deng Q, Li M, Zhao Z. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (β-amino Ester) and Applied PEGylated and Non-PEGylated Poly (β-amino ester)/Plasmid DNA Nanoparticles for Efficient Gene Delivery. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:854859. [PMID: 35462891 PMCID: PMC9023864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.854859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based nanocarriers require extensive knowledge of their chemistries to learn functionalization strategies and understand the nature of interactions that they establish with biological entities. In this research, the poly (β-amino ester) (PβAE-447) was synthesized and characterized, aimed to identify the influence of some key parameters in the formulation process. Initially; PβAE-447 was characterized for aqueous solubility, swelling capacity, proton buffering ability, and cytotoxicity study before nanoparticles formulation. Interestingly, the polymer-supported higher cell viability than the Polyethylenimine (PEI) at 100 μg/ml. PβAE-447 complexed with GFP encoded plasmid DNA (pGFP) generated nanocarriers of 184 nm hydrodynamic radius (+7.42 mV Zeta potential) for cell transfection. Transfection assays performed with PEGylated and lyophilized PβAE-447/pDNA complexes on HEK-293, BEAS-2B, and A549 cell lines showed better transfection than PEI. The outcomes toward A549 cells (above 66%) showed the highest transfection efficiency compared to the other cell lines. Altogether, these results suggested that characterizing physicochemical properties pave the way to design a new generation of PβAE-447 for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Alessandro F Martins
- Laboratory of Materials, Macromolecules, and Composites (LaMMAC), Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Apucarana, Brazil.,Group of Polymers and Composite Materials (GMPC), Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Brazil.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Muhan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongxi Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key University Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Systems of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Pediatric Pharmaceutical Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Shandong Dyne Marine Biopharmaceutical Company Limited, Rongcheng, China.,Chemical Immunopharmaceutical Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Shandong Xili Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Heze, China
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8
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Nunes R, Serra AS, Simaite A, Sousa Â. Modulation of Chitosan-TPP Nanoparticle Properties for Plasmid DNA Vaccines Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071443. [PMID: 35406316 PMCID: PMC9003200 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid vaccines have become a revolutionary technology to give a fast, safe, cost-effective and efficient response against viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2 or Human papillomavirus (HPV). However, to ensure their effectiveness, the development of adequate methods to protect, carry, and deliver nucleic acids is fundamental. In this work, nanoparticles (NPs) of chitosan (CS)-tripolyphosphate (TPP)-plasmid DNA (pDNA) were thoroughly modulated and characterized, by measuring the charge and size through dynamic light scattering (DLS) and morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Stability, cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of NPs were also evaluated. Finally, the effect of polyplexes on the expression of HPV E7 antigen in human fibroblast and RAW cells was investigated through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR. The results showed NPs with a spherical/oval shape, narrow size distribution <180 nm and positive zeta potentials (>20 mV) and good stability after one month of storage at 4 °C in formulation buffer or when incubated in culture medium and trypsin. In vitro studies of NPs cytotoxicity revealed that the elimination of formulation buffers led to an improvement in the rate of cell viability. The E7 antigen transcription was also increased for NPs obtained with high pDNA concentration (60 μg/mL). The analyzed CS-TPP-pDNA polyplexes can offer a promising vehicle for nucleic acid vaccines, not only in the prevention or treatment of viral infections, but also to fight emergent and future pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Nunes
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (R.N.); (A.S.S.)
- InoCure s.r.o, R&D Laboratory Center, Prumyslová 1960, 250 88 Celákovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Ana Sofia Serra
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (R.N.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Aiva Simaite
- InoCure s.r.o, R&D Laboratory Center, Prumyslová 1960, 250 88 Celákovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Ângela Sousa
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (R.N.); (A.S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-275-329-002
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9
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Li F, Wu J, Li D, Hao L, Li Y, Yi D, Yeung KWK, Chen D, Lu WW, Pan H, Wong TM, Zhao X. Engineering stem cells to produce exosomes with enhanced bone regeneration effects: an alternative strategy for gene therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:135. [PMID: 35292020 PMCID: PMC8922796 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes derived from stem cells have been widely studied for promoting regeneration and reconstruction of multiple tissues as “cell-free” therapies. However, the applications of exosomes have been hindered by limited sources and insufficient therapeutic potency. Results In this study, a stem cell-mediated gene therapy strategy is developed in which mediator mesenchymal stem cells are genetically engineered by bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene to produce exosomes (MSC-BMP2-Exo) with enhanced bone regeneration potency. This effect is attributed to the synergistic effect of the content derived from MSCs and the up-regulated BMP2 gene expression. The MSC-BMP2-Exo also present homing ability to the injured site. The toxic effect of genetical transfection vehicles is borne by mediator MSCs, while the produced exosomes exhibit excellent biocompatibility. In addition, by plasmid tracking, it is interesting to find a portion of plasmid DNA can be encapsulated by exosomes and delivered to recipient cells. Conclusions In this strategy, engineered MSCs function as cellular factories, which effectively produce exosomes with designed and enhanced therapeutic effects. The accelerating effect in bone healing and the good biocompatibility suggest the potential clinical application of this strategy. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01347-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Li
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Daiye Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Liuzhi Hao
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanqun Li
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kelvin W K Yeung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Di Chen
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - William W Lu
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Haobo Pan
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tak Man Wong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China. .,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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10
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EL-Ghoul Y, Alminderej FM, Alsubaie FM, Alrasheed R, Almousa NH. Recent Advances in Functional Polymer Materials for Energy, Water, and Biomedical Applications: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4327. [PMID: 34960878 PMCID: PMC8708011 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Academic research regarding polymeric materials has been of great interest. Likewise, polymer industries are considered as the most familiar petrochemical industries. Despite the valuable and continuous advancements in various polymeric material technologies over the last century, many varieties and advances related to the field of polymer science and engineering still promise a great potential for exciting new applications. Research, development, and industrial support have been the key factors behind the great progress in the field of polymer applications. This work provides insight into the recent energy applications of polymers, including energy storage and production. The study of polymeric materials in the field of enhanced oil recovery and water treatment technologies will be presented and evaluated. In addition, in this review, we wish to emphasize the great importance of various functional polymers as effective adsorbents of organic pollutants from industrial wastewater. Furthermore, recent advances in biomedical applications are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine EL-Ghoul
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, King Abdulaziz Rd, P.O. Box 1162, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Textile Engineering Laboratory, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Fahad M. Alminderej
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, King Abdulaziz Rd, P.O. Box 1162, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fehaid M. Alsubaie
- National Center for Chemical Catalysis Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Radwan Alrasheed
- National Center for Desalination & Water Treatment Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Norah H. Almousa
- National Center for Chemical Catalysis Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
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Rodolfo C, Eusébio D, Ventura C, Nunes R, Florindo HF, Costa D, Sousa Â. Design of Experiments to Achieve an Efficient Chitosan-Based DNA Vaccine Delivery System. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091369. [PMID: 34575445 PMCID: PMC8471690 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In current times, DNA vaccines are seen as a promising approach to treat and prevent diseases, such as virus infections and cancer. Aiming at the production of a functional and effective plasmid DNA (pDNA) delivery system, four chitosan polymers, differing in the molecular weight, were studied using the design of experiments (DoE) tool. These gene delivery systems were formulated by ionotropic gelation and exploring the chitosan and TPP concentrations as DoE inputs to maximize the nanoparticle positive charge and minimize their size and polydispersity index (PDI) as DoE outputs. The obtained linear and quadratic models were statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) and non-significant lack of fit, with suitable coefficient of determination and the respective optimal points successfully validated. Furthermore, morphology, stability and cytotoxicity assays were performed to evaluate the endurance of these systems over time and their further potential for future in vitro studies. The subsequent optimization process was successful achieved for the delivery systems based on the four chitosan polymers, in which the smallest particle size was obtained for the carrier containing the 5 kDa chitosan (~82 nm), while the nanosystem prepared with the high molecular weight (HMW) chitosan displayed the highest zeta potential (~+26.8 mV). Delivery systems were stable in the formulation buffer after a month and did not exhibit toxicity for the cells. In this sense, DoE revealed to be a powerful tool to explore and tailor the characteristics of chitosan/pDNA nanosystems significantly contributing to unraveling an optimum carrier for advancing the DNA vaccines delivery field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rodolfo
- CICS-UBI—Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.R.); (D.E.); (C.V.); (R.N.); (D.C.)
| | - Dalinda Eusébio
- CICS-UBI—Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.R.); (D.E.); (C.V.); (R.N.); (D.C.)
| | - Cathy Ventura
- CICS-UBI—Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.R.); (D.E.); (C.V.); (R.N.); (D.C.)
| | - Renato Nunes
- CICS-UBI—Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.R.); (D.E.); (C.V.); (R.N.); (D.C.)
| | - Helena F. Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Diana Costa
- CICS-UBI—Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.R.); (D.E.); (C.V.); (R.N.); (D.C.)
| | - Ângela Sousa
- CICS-UBI—Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.R.); (D.E.); (C.V.); (R.N.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-275-329
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Plucinski A, Lyu Z, Schmidt BVKJ. Polysaccharide nanoparticles: from fabrication to applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7030-7062. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00628b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present review highlights the developments in polysaccharide nanoparticles with a particular focus on applications in biomedicine, cosmetics and food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zan Lyu
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
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