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Agatić ZF, Tepavčević V, Puača G, Poša M. Interaction of drug molecules with surfactants below (Benesi-Hildebrand equation) and above the critical micelle concentration (Kawamura equation). Int J Pharm 2024; 665:124675. [PMID: 39265847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Drug molecules can interact with surfactant molecules either in their monomeric form, where the Benesi-Hildebrand equation determines the binding constant, or when a micellar pseudophase is formed, where the Kawamura equation assesses the partition coefficient. Benesi-Hildebrand plots represent the differential absorbance as a function of surfactant concentration below the critical micelle concentration (CMC), while Kawamura plots show this relationship above the CMC, where the drug can influence the CMC and needs consideration. This review aims to provide an overview of methods for evaluating drug-surfactant interactions in aqueous solutions, particularly below and above the CMC, using spectroscopic data. Understanding these interactions is crucial for pharmacodynamics, affecting drug binding, enzymatic activity, and formulation. Various surfactants were analyzed with diphenhydramine hydrochloride, levofloxacin, phenothiazine, moxifloxacin, and chlorpromazine hydrochloride to determine monomeric binding constants, while sulfathiazole, sodium valproate, cefotaxime, losartan, and metformin hydrochloride were assessed for partitioning coefficient values. Errors in Benesi-Hildebrand plots may arise from considering surfactant concentrations above the CMC, while mistakes in Kawamura plots may stem from neglecting to determine the CMC in the presence of drug molecules, which can alter the surfactant's behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Farkaš Agatić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vesna Tepavčević
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Gorana Puača
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mihalj Poša
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Barreto A, Silva ARR, Capitão A, Sousa ÉML, Calisto V, Maria VL. Nanoplastics increase the toxicity of a pharmaceutical, at environmentally relevant concentrations - A mixture design with Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 103:104258. [PMID: 37666394 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic environments, nanoplastics (NPls) can adsorb pharmaceuticals. However, throughout the scientific community, there is scarce knowledge about the interactive effects of the mixture nanoplastics (NPls) with pharmaceuticals to aquatic organisms. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate if the pharmaceutical diphenhydramine (DPH) toxicological effects alters when in presence of polystyrene NPls (PSNPls). To achieve this, Daphnia magna immobilization and different biochemical biomarkers (48-hours exposure) were assessed. Synergistic interactions occurred at environmentally relevant concentrations, PSNPls+DPH induced oxidative damage, whereas no effect was observed at single exposures. With the increase of PSNPls concentration, the DPH concentration causing 50% of effect (EC50) for organisms' immobilization decreased to 0.001 mg/L. In silico analysis suggested that the DPH toxicity to D. magna occurs via the sodium-dependent serotonin transporter. The results showed interactive effects between PSNPls and DPH (implying harmful effects on D. magna), allowing more thoughtful decisions by society and policymakers regarding plastics and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Barreto
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Rita R Silva
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Capitão
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Research Institute, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Érika M L Sousa
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vânia Calisto
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera L Maria
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Barreto A, Santos J, Calisto V, Rocha LS, Amorim MJB, Maria VL. Cocktail effects of emerging contaminants on zebrafish: Nanoplastics and the pharmaceutical diphenhydramine. NANOIMPACT 2023; 30:100456. [PMID: 36841353 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPLs) became ubiquitous in the environment, from the air we breathe to the food we eat. One of the main concerns about the NPLs risks is their role as carrier of other environmental contaminants, potentially increasing their uptake, bioaccumulation and toxicity to the organisms. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to understand how the presence of polystyrene NPLs (∅ 44 nm) will influence the toxicity (synergism, additivity or antagonism) of the antihistamine diphenhydramine (DPH), towards zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, when in dual mixtures. After 96 hours (h) exposure, at the organismal level, NPLs (0.015 or 1.5 mg/L) + DPH (10 mg/L) induced embryo mortality (90%) and malformations (100%) and decreased hatching (80%) and heartbeat rates (60%). After 120 h exposure, NPLs (0.015 or 1.5 mg/L) + DPH (0.01 mg/L) decreased larvae swimming distance (30-40%). At the biochemical level, increased glutathione S-transferases (55-122%) and cholinesterase (182-343%) activities were found after 96 h exposure to NPLs (0.015 or 1.5 mg/L) + DPH (0.01 mg/L). However, catalase (CAT) activity remained similar to the control group in the mixtures, inhibiting the effects detected after the exposure to 1.5 mg/L NPLs alone (increased 230% of CAT activity). In general, the effects of dual combination - NPLs + DPH (even at concentrations as low as 10 μg/L of DPH) - were more harmful than the correspondent individual exposures, showing the synergistic interactions of the dual mixture and answering to the main question of this work. The obtained results, namely the altered toxicity patterns of NPLs + DPH compared with the individual exposures, show the importance of an environmental risk assessment considering NPLs as a co-contaminant due to the potential NPLs role as vector for other contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Barreto
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Santos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vânia Calisto
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luciana S Rocha
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera L Maria
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Kaur R, Kaur G, Sharma P, Kumar H, Kaur J. Deciphering the influence of salt on the mixed micellization of drug Domiphen Bromide and tri-substituted SAIL [C12bmim][Br] mixture. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Kumar M, Elahi D, Bhardwaj A, Sharma S, Khushi K, Singh E, Singh N, Srivastava A. Physiochemical Investigation of the Excipients Mixed Micelles for improvement of Encapsulation and Controlled Release of Antihistamine Drugs. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Badruddoza AZM, Yeoh T, Shah JC. API-polymer interactions in Sepineo P600 based topical gel formulation- impact on rheology. Int J Pharm 2022; 621:121824. [PMID: 35569626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, topical gel and emulsion gel were formulated using Acrylamide/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer (Sepineo P600) as a gelling agent, and their rheological attributes and physical stability were evaluated upon incorporation of API. Lidocaine, a free base drug (pKa 7.92) was used as a model drug in all formulations. Medium- chain Triglycerides (MCT) was used as a dispersed phase to prepare the emulgel. Results show that the rheological properties of both gel and emulgel such as viscosity, elastic moduli and yield stress were significantly influenced by the pH of the topical formulations and API concentration. A lower pH (pH < pKa) leads to the increase in number of cationic species of lidocaine, which results in the weakening of the structure of the gel matrix by charge screening of polymer-polymer repulsions. Interactions between API and polymer chains through electrostatic attraction may play a major role in altering the rheology, which could potentially impact the physical stability against phase separation of the internal phase in emulsion gel samples. This study provides valuable insights into rheological behaviors of Sepineo P600 gel and emulgel which can be modified or tuned though the interplay of the API properties and critical formulation parameters such as pH. The tunable rheological properties with simpler manufacturing process make Sepineo P600 gel and emulsion gel very suitable systems for use in semisolid topical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Zayed Md Badruddoza
- Drug Product Design, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, United States.
| | - Thean Yeoh
- Drug Product Design, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Jaymin C Shah
- Drug Product Design, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, United States
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Utilization of amphiphilic antihistamines drugs to enhance micellization of anionic surfactant and improve the binding and solubility of Itraconazole drug. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Alzahrani KA, Patel R. Dissociation of the DCF-Hb complex in presence of cationic micelles: A spectroscopic and computational approach. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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