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Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) foams are produced from toxic, petrochemical- and phosgene-derived isocyanates. Although nonisocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) has shown promise as a replacement for traditional PU, the synthesis of NIPU foams has not been widely studied due to the difficulties in replicating the foaming process of PU, in situ CO2 production through the hydrolysis of isocyanates. Hereby, we report the synthesis of amine-CO2 adducts and their CO2 adsorption-desorption characteristics under different conditions. The results show that the amine-CO2 adducts can exhibit up to 87% CO2 desorption at 60 °C after aminolysis with cyclic carbonate. The amine-CO2 adduct is used as both a foaming agent and a comonomer to obtain low-density foams (0.203-0.239 g·cm-3) after heating at 50-60 °C for 24-48 h. This marks the successful synthesis of in situ CO2-blown NIPU foams using an amine-CO2 adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sen Choong
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yen Li Eunice Hui
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chen Chuan Lim
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
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2
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Gong C, Zheng H, Huang P, Xu L, Su Y, Zheng W, Zhao Y. Supercritical CO 2 Foaming of Lightweight Polyolefin Elastomer/ trans-Polyoctylene Rubber Composite Foams with Extra-Soft and Anti-Shrinkage Performance. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengxin Gong
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People’s Republic of China
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
| | - Pengke Huang
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
| | - Linqiong Xu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaozhuo Su
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
| | - Wenge Zheng
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
| | - Yongqing Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People’s Republic of China
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
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3
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Nifant'ev IE, Vinogradov AA, Vinogradov AA, Minyaev ME, Bagrov VV, Salakhov II, Shaidullin NM, Chalykh AE, Shapagin AV, Ivchenko PV. Heterocene-catalyzed ethylene/oct-1-ene copolymerization under MAO-free and low-MAO conditions: The synthesis of highly statistical copolymers and their use in blending with HDPE. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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4
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Xue K, Chen P, Yang C, Xu Z, Zhao L, Hu D. Low-shrinkage biodegradable PBST/PBS foams fabricated by microcellular foaming using CO2 & N2 as co-blowing agents. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Lightweight, low-shrinkage and high elastic poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) foams achieved by microcellular foaming using N2 & CO2 as co-blowing agents. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Lin W, Hikima Y, Ohshima M. Microcellular foam of styrene–isobutylene–styrene copolymer with
N
2
using polypropylene as a crystallization nucleating and shrinkage reducing agent. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto Katsura Japan
| | - Yuta Hikima
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto Katsura Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohshima
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto Katsura Japan
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Hu D, Xue K, Liu Z, Xu Z, Zhao L. The essential role of PBS on PBAT foaming under supercritical CO2 toward green engineering. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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8
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Effect of Vulcanization and CO 2 Plasticization on Cell Morphology of Silicone Rubber in Temperature Rise Foaming Process. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193384. [PMID: 34641199 PMCID: PMC8512402 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both vulcanization reaction and CO2 plasticization play key roles in the temperature rise foaming process of silicone rubber. The chosen methyl-vinyl silicone rubber system with a pre-vulcanization degree of 36% had proper crosslinked networks, which not only could ensure enough polymer matrix strength to avoid bubble rupture but also had enough dissolved CO2 content in silicone rubber for induced bubble nucleation. The CO2 diffusion and further vulcanization reaction occur simultaneously in the CO2 plasticized polymer during bubble nucleation and growth. The dissolved CO2 in the pre-vulcanized silicone rubber caused a temperature delay to start while accelerating further vulcanization reactions, but the lower viscoelasticity caused by either CO2 plasticization or fewer crosslinking networks was still the dominating factor for larger cell formation. There was a sudden increase in elastic modulus and complex viscosity for pre-vulcanized silicone rubbers at higher temperature because of the occurrence of further vulcanization, but CO2 plasticization reduced the scope of change of rheological properties, and the loss factor was close to 1 around 170 °C, which is corresponding to the optimum foaming temperature. The foamed silicone rubber had a higher cell density and smaller cell size at a higher temperature rising rate, which is due to higher CO2 supersaturation and faster vulcanization reaction. These results provide some insight into the coupling mode and effect of CO2 plasticization and vulcanization for regulating cell structure in foaming silicone rubber process.
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