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Ma DX, Yin GZ, Ye W, Jiang Y, Wang N, Wang DY. Exploiting Waste towards More Sustainable Flame-Retardant Solutions for Polymers: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2266. [PMID: 38793331 PMCID: PMC11123196 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The development of sustainable flame retardants is gaining momentum due to their enhanced safety attributes and environmental compatibility. One effective strategy is to use waste materials as a primary source of chemical components, which can help mitigate environmental issues associated with traditional flame retardants. This paper reviews recent research in flame retardancy for waste flame retardants, categorizing them based on waste types like industrial, food, and plant waste. The paper focuses on recent advancements in this area, focusing on their impact on the thermal stability, flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical properties of polymeric materials. The study also provides a summary of functionalization methodologies used and key factors involved in modifying polymer systems. Finally, their major challenges and prospects for the future are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Xin Ma
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Preparation of Special Functional Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (D.-X.M.); (Y.J.); (N.W.)
| | - Guang-Zhong Yin
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1.800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Wen Ye
- Sino-Spanish Joint Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200062, China;
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Functional FR Materials, Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200062, China
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yan Jiang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Preparation of Special Functional Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (D.-X.M.); (Y.J.); (N.W.)
- Shenyang Research Institute of Industrial Technology for Advanced Coating Materials, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Na Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Preparation of Special Functional Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (D.-X.M.); (Y.J.); (N.W.)
- Shenyang Research Institute of Industrial Technology for Advanced Coating Materials, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - De-Yi Wang
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1.800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
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Qi Z, Wang B, Sun C, Yang M, Chen X, Zheng D, Yao W, Chen Y, Cheng R, Zhang Y. Comparison of Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites Prepared from Different Components of Corn Straw Fiber. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126746. [PMID: 35743188 PMCID: PMC9224457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, under the pressure of resource shortage and white pollution, the development and utilization of biodegradable wood-plastic composites (WPC) has become one of the hot spots for scholars’ research. Here, corn straw fiber (CSF) was chosen to reinforce a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix with a mass ratio of 3:7, and the CSF/PLA composites were obtained by melt mixing. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the corn straw fiber core (CSFC) and corn straw fiber skin (CSFS) loaded PLA composites were stronger than those of the CSFS/PLA composites when the particle size of CSF was low. The tensile strength and bending strength of CSFS/CSFC/PLA are 54.08 MPa and 87.24 MPa, respectively, and the elongation at break is 4.60%. After soaking for 8 hours, the water absorption of CSF/PLA composite reached saturation. When the particle size of CSF is above 80 mesh, the saturated water absorption of the material is kept below 7%, and CSF/PLA composite has good hydrophobicity, which is mainly related to the interfacial compatibility between PLA and CSF. By observing the microstructure of the cross section of the CSF/PLA composite, the research found that the smaller the particle size of CSF, the smoother the cross section of the composite and the more unified the dispersion of CSF in PLA. Therefore, exploring the composites formed by different components of CSF and PLA can not only expand the application range of PLA, but also enhance the application value of CSF in the field of composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Qi
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (Z.Q.); (B.W.); (C.S.); (M.Y.); (X.C.); (D.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Baiwang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (Z.Q.); (B.W.); (C.S.); (M.Y.); (X.C.); (D.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ce Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (Z.Q.); (B.W.); (C.S.); (M.Y.); (X.C.); (D.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Minghui Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (Z.Q.); (B.W.); (C.S.); (M.Y.); (X.C.); (D.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaojian Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (Z.Q.); (B.W.); (C.S.); (M.Y.); (X.C.); (D.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dingyuan Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (Z.Q.); (B.W.); (C.S.); (M.Y.); (X.C.); (D.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenrui Yao
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (Z.Q.); (B.W.); (C.S.); (M.Y.); (X.C.); (D.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (Z.Q.); (B.W.); (C.S.); (M.Y.); (X.C.); (D.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruixiang Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (Z.Q.); (B.W.); (C.S.); (M.Y.); (X.C.); (D.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (Z.Q.); (B.W.); (C.S.); (M.Y.); (X.C.); (D.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (Y.Z.)
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Xie W, Zhang F, Li S, Xing L, Zhu Y, Cheng J, Cheng Y, Gao Z. A new intumescent insulation emergency material for thermal protection of storage tanks –potassium polyacrylate & organic modified hectorite & intumescent flame retardant. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2022.104735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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