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Song Y, Tang J, Qi Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Wang F. A review on the dominating factor for the conductivity enhancement of PEDOTs: The affinity of polyanion shell toward post-processing reagents? POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Kesornsit S, Direksilp C, Phasuksom K, Thummarungsan N, Sakunpongpitiporn P, Rotjanasuworapong K, Sirivat A, Niamlang S. Synthesis of Highly Conductive Poly(3-hexylthiophene) by Chemical Oxidative Polymerization Using Surfactant Templates. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183860. [PMID: 36146004 PMCID: PMC9503232 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) was systematically synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization in chloroform with ferric chloride (FeCl3) as the oxidizing agent and various surfactants of the shape templates. The effects of 3HT: FeCl3 mole ratios, polymerization times, and surfactant types and concentrations on the electrical conductivity, particle shape and size were systematically investigated. Furthermore, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA), p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (AOT) were utilized as the surfactant templates. The P3HT synthesized with DBSA at 6 CMC, where CMC stands for the Critical Micelle Concentration of surfactant, provided a higher electrical conductivity than those with PTSA, SDS and AOT. The highest electrical conductivity of P3HT using DBSA was 16.21 ± 1.55 S cm−1 in which the P3HT particle shape was spherical with an average size of 1530 ± 227 nm. The thermal analysis indicated that the P3HT synthesized with the surfactants yielded higher stability and char yields than that of P3HT without. The P3HT_DBSA electrical conductivity was further enhanced by de-doping and doping with HClO4. At the 10:1 doping mole ratio, the electrical conductivity of dP3HT_DBSA increased by one order of magnitude relative to P3HT_DBSA prior to the de-doping. The highest electrical conductivity of dP3HT_DBSA obtained was 172 ± 5.21 S cm−1 which is the highest value relative to previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanhanut Kesornsit
- Conductive and Electroactive Polymers Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chatrawee Direksilp
- Conductive and Electroactive Polymers Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology (PETROMAT), Chulalongkorn University Research Building, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Katesara Phasuksom
- Conductive and Electroactive Polymers Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology (PETROMAT), Chulalongkorn University Research Building, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Natlita Thummarungsan
- Conductive and Electroactive Polymers Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology (PETROMAT), Chulalongkorn University Research Building, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Phimchanok Sakunpongpitiporn
- Conductive and Electroactive Polymers Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kornkanok Rotjanasuworapong
- Conductive and Electroactive Polymers Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anuvat Sirivat
- Conductive and Electroactive Polymers Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology (PETROMAT), Chulalongkorn University Research Building, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (S.N.); Tel.: +66-2-218-4131 (A.S.); Fax: +66-2-611-7221 (A.S.)
| | - Sumonman Niamlang
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12110, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (S.N.); Tel.: +66-2-218-4131 (A.S.); Fax: +66-2-611-7221 (A.S.)
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Spectroelectrochemistry of Electroactive Polymer Composite Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153201. [PMID: 35956715 PMCID: PMC9370871 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we have summarized the main advantages of the method of spectroelectrochemistry as applied to recent studies on electrosynthesis and redox processes of electroactive polymer composite materials, which have found wide application in designing organic optoelectronic devices, batteries and sensors. These polymer composites include electroactive polymer complexes with large unmovable dopant anions such as polymer electrolytes, organic dyes, cyclodextrins, poly(β-hydroxyethers), as well as polymer-inorganic nanocomposites. The spectroelectrochemical methods reviewed include in situ electron absorption, Raman, infrared and electron spin resonance spectroscopies.
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